3.1 Some oils are formulated with organo-metallic additives, which act, for example, as detergents, antioxidants, and antiwear agents. Some of these additives contain one or more of these elements: calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. This test method provides a means of determining the concentrations of these elements, which in turn provides an indication of the additive content of these oils.3.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (Table 2).3.3 This test method is primarily intended to be used at a manufacturing location for monitoring of additive elements in lubricating oils. It can also be used in central and research laboratories.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of additive elements in unused lubricating oils, as shown in Table 1.1.2 This test method is limited to the use of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with the ability to separate the signals of adjacent elements.1.3 This test method uses interelement correction factors calculated from empirical calibration data.1.4 This test method is not suitable for the determination of magnesium and copper at the concentrations present in lubricating oils.1.5 This test method excludes lubricating oils that contain chlorine or barium as an additive element.1.6 This test method can be used by persons who are not skilled in X-ray spectrometry. It is intended to be used as a routine test method for production control analysis.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the spectrographic analysis of ores, minerals, and rocks for silver, palladium, platinum, gold and rhodium. The concentrations of precious metals which can be determined in the material being analyzed depend on the amount of sample assayed (Note 1). Concentration ranges for the lead fire assay beads are as follows:Element Concentration Range,%Silver 0.028 to 1.40Palladium 0.004 to 0.14Platinum 0.004 to 0.14Gold 0.003 to 0.14Rhodium 0.004 to 0.07Note 1—The amounts used are large enough to minimize weighing errors. A wide range of precious metal concentrations in rocks, minerals and ores can be covered by a modest range of percentages in the lead beads by regulating the weights of the initial sample and the lead bead. Also, both gold and silver can be determined in the lead bead. When either of these metals is used as a collector for the others in the assay, as is generally done, it cannot be determined without another assay.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.

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5.1 H2S measurements in natural gas are performed to ensure concentrations satisfy gas purchase contract criteria and to prevent pipeline and associated component corrosion.5.2 Using TDLAS for the measurement of H2S in natural gas enables a high degree of selectivity with minimal interference from common constituents in natural gas streams. The TDLAS analyzer can detect changes in concentration with a relatively rapid response compared to other methods so that operators may take swift action when designated H2S concentrations are exceeded.5.3 Primary applications covered in this test method are listed in 5.3.1 and 5.3.2. Each application may have differing requirements and methods for gas sampling. Additionally, different natural gas applications may require unique spectroscopic considerations.5.3.1 Raw natural gas is found in production, gathering sites, and inlets to gas-processing plants characterized by potentially high levels of water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), H2S, and heavy hydrocarbons. Gas-conditioning plants and skids are normally used to remove H2O, CO2, H2S, and other contaminants.5.3.2 High-quality “sales gas” is found in transportation pipelines, natural gas distribution (utilities), and natural gas power plant inlets. The gas is characterized by a very high percentage of methane (90 to 100 %) with small quantities of other hydrocarbons and trace levels of contaminants.1.1 This test method is for the online determination of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in natural gas using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) analyzers also known as a “TDL analyzers.” The particular wavelength for H2S measurement varies by manufacturer, typically between 1000 and 10 000 nm with an individual laser having a tunable range of less than 10 nm. The H2S concentration ranges can be anywhere from 0-5  ppm(v) to 0-90 % by volume.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. TDLAS analyzers inherently output concentrations in unitless molar ratios such as ppm(v).NOTE 1: Weight-per-volume units such as milligrams or grains of H2S per cubic foot or cubic meter can be derived from ppm(v) at “standard conditions” or standard temperature and pressure.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Source water protection calls for a rapid and reliable optical method to identify and quantify the oil spill contamination, such as water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group.5.2 This test method identifies the presence of contamination and quantifies the target contamination component(s) to provide a threshold-based alert signal.5.3 This test method can be used by drinking water treatment plant operators and decision makers as a first line of defense for both initially detecting petroleum product spills, as well as tracking attenuation over time, in source water to prevent contaminant uptake into the processed water and treatment infrastructure.1.1 This test method covers the (1) detection of trace level (µg/L range) of oil and petroleum (water-soluble fraction) pollutants in surface and ground drinking water sources, (2) identification of the compounds, and (3) alerting analysts with a contaminant concentration prediction. This test method facilitates identification and quantification from 20 to 1000 µg/L of target contaminants, including: water-soluble fraction of aromatic compounds from the BTEX family (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) and naphthalene from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) group, referred to as BTEXN in this test method, in water samples with up to 15 mg/L of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The main approach involves analyzing and characterizing key water intake locations before the treatment and developing the contaminant library. The water-soluble (BTEXN) contaminants are associated with, but not limited to petroleum oils and fuels including commercial diesel fuel, gasoline, kerosene, heavy oil, fuel oil and lubricate oil, etc.1.2 The data sets are analyzed using multivariate methods to test contaminant identification and quantification. The multivariate methods include classification and regression algorithms to analyze fluorescence EEM data acquired in the laboratory. The common goal of these algorithms is to reduce multidimensionality and eliminate noise of fluorescence and background signals. Automated identification-quantification methods linked directly to the instrument acquisition-analysis software are commercially available.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice may be used to determine concentrations of elements leached from nuclear waste materials (glasses, ceramics, cements) using an aqueous leachant. If the nuclear waste material is radioactive, a suitably contained and shielded ICP-AES spectrometer system with a filtered exit-gas system must be used, but no other changes in the practice are required. The leachant may be deionized water or any aqueous solution containing less than 1 % total solids.5.2 This practice as written is for the analysis of solutions containing 1 % nitric acid. It can be modified to specify the use of the same or another mineral acid at the same or higher concentration. In such cases, the only change needed in this practice is to substitute the preferred acid and concentration value whenever 1 % nitric acid appears here. It is important that the acid type and content of the reference and check solutions closely match the leachate solutions to be analyzed.5.3 This practice can be used to analyze leachates from static leach testing of waste forms using Test Method C1220.1.1 This practice is applicable to the determination of low concentration and trace elements in aqueous leachate solutions produced by the leaching of nuclear waste materials, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).1.2 The nuclear waste material may be a simulated (non-radioactive) solid waste form or an actual solid radioactive waste material.1.3 The leachate may be deionized water or any natural or simulated leachate solution containing less than 1 % total dissolved solids.1.4 This practice should be used by analysts experienced in the use of ICP-AES, the interpretation of spectral and non-spectral interferences, and procedures for their correction.1.5 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable ICP-AES instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.1.6 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of concentrations of metals in many waste streams from various nuclear and non-nuclear manufacturing processes. The test method is useful for characterizing liquid wastes and liquid wastes containing undissolved solids prior to treatment, storage, or stabilization. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 26 elements.5.2 The applicable concentration ranges of the elements analyzed by this procedure are listed in Table 1.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace, minor, and major elements in waste streams by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) following an acid digestion of the sample. Waste streams from manufacturing processes of nuclear and non-nuclear materials can be analyzed. This test method is applicable to the determination of total metals. Results from this test method can be used to characterize waste received by treatment facilities and to formulate appropriate treatment recipes. The results are also usable in process control within waste treatment facilities.1.2 This test method is applicable only to waste streams that contain radioactivity levels that do not require special personnel or environmental protection.1.3 A list of the elements determined in waste streams and the corresponding lower reporting limit is found in Table 1.1.4 This test method has been used successfully for treatment of a large variety of waste solutions and industrial process liquids. The composition of such samples is highly variable, both between waste stream types and within a single waste stream. As a result of this variability, a single acid digestion scheme may not be expected to succeed with all sample matrices. Certain elements may be recovered on a semi-quantitative basis, while most results will be highly quantitative.1.5 This test method should be used by analysts experienced in the use of ICP-AES, the interpretation of spectral and non-spectral interferences, and procedures for their correction.1.6 No detailed operating instructions are provided because of differences among various makes and models of suitable ICP-AES instruments. Instead, the analyst shall follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the particular instrument. This test method does not address comparative accuracy of different devices or the precision between instruments of the same make and model.1.7 This test method contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of the method.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Some oils are formulated with organo-metallic additives which act as detergents, antioxidants, antiwear agents, and so forth. Some of these additives contain one or more of these elements: barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. These test methods provide a means of determining the concentration of these elements which in turn provides an indication of the additive content of these oils.4.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (see Table 2).1.1 These test methods cover the determination of barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils at element concentration ranges shown in Table 1. The range can be extended to higher concentrations by dilution of sample specimens. Additives can also be determined after dilution. Two different methods are presented in these test methods.1.2 Test Method A (Internal Standard Procedure)—Internal standards are used to compensate for interelement effects of X-ray excitation and fluorescence (see Sections 8 through 13).1.3 Test Method B (Mathematical Correction Procedure)—The measured X-ray fluorescence intensity for a given element is mathematically corrected for potential interference from other elements present in the sample (see Sections 14 through 19).1.4 The preferred concentration units are mass % barium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, or zinc.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test methods to determine oxygenates, benzene, and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.5.2 This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of oxygenates: methyl-t-butylether (MTBE), di-isopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl-t-butylether (ETBE), t-amylmethyl ether (TAME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol (2-PrOH), t-butanol (t-BuOH), 1-propanol (1-PrOH), 2-butanol (2-BuOH), i-butanol (i-BuOH), 1-butanol (1-BuOH); benzene, toluene and C8–C12 aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography/Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR).1.2 This test method covers the following concentration ranges: 0.1 % to 20 % by volume per component for ethers and alcohols; 0.1 % to 2 % by volume benzene; 1 % to 15 % by volume for toluene, 10 % to 40 % by  volume total (C6–C12) aromatics.1.3 The method has not been tested by ASTM for refinery individual hydrocarbon process streams, such as reformates, fluid catalytic cracking naphthas, etc., used in blending of gasolines.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method may be run together with Test Method C1432 to analyze for trace impurities in Pu metal. Using the technique described in this test method and the technique described in Test Method C1432 will provide the analyst with a more thorough verification of the impurity concentrations contained in the Pu metal sample. In addition, Test Method C1432 can be used to determine impurity concentrations for analytes such as Ca, Fe, Na, and Si, which have not been determined using this test method.5.2 This test method can be used on Pu matrices in nitrate solutions.5.3 This test method has been validated for use on materials that meet the specifications described in Specification C757 and Test Methods C758 and C759.5.4 This test method has been validated for all elements listed in Table 1.(A) Without outlying value.1.1 This test method covers the determination of trace elements in plutonium (Pu) materials such as Pu metal, Pu oxides, and Pu/uranium (U) mixed oxides. The Pu sample is dissolved in acid, and the concentration of the trace impurities are determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS).1.2 This test method is specific for the determination of trace impurities where the samples are dissolved and the oxidation state is adjusted to the Pu(IV) and, if applicable, the U(VI) state. It may be applied to other matrices; however, it is the responsibility of the user to evaluate the performance of other matrices.1.3 The use of a quadrupole ICP-MS or a high resolution ICP-MS (HR-ICP-MS) can be employed in all applications relevant to this test method. HR-ICP-MS is a better option in many cases since it can reduce or potentially eliminate interferences encountered in the following complex sample matrices.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Certain organo-manganese compounds act as antiknock agents when added to gasoline. This test method provides a means for determining the concentration of such a material in a gasoline sample.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total manganese content, present as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT),2 of gasoline within the concentration range from 0.25 mg/L to 40 mg/L of manganese.1.2 This test method is applicable to reformulated gasoline containing up to 12 % volume methyl tertiary butylether or up to 10 % volume ethanol. This test method may not be applicable to highly cracked materials containing greater than 18 % by volume olefins as determined by Test Method D1319 (nondepentanized).1.3 This test method has been developed and tested specifically for the determination of MMT in gasoline over the recommended concentration range. Application of the method to other concentration ranges, to the determination of MMT in other materials, or to the determination of other manganese compounds in gasoline have not been tested1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The preferred concentration units are mg/L manganese.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 6 and 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice elaborates on the different types, definition of basic operational terms, conventions, referencing procedures and substances, and terms and recommended means for signal-to-noise ratio determination and data presentation in the area of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Some of the basic definitions apply to wide-line NMR or to NMR of metals, but this practice is generally not intended to cover these latter areas of NMR. Also, this version does not include definitions pertaining to double resonance, nor to rotating frame experiments.1.1 This standard contains definitions of basic terms, conventions, and recommended practices for data presentation in the area of high-resolution resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Some of the basic definitions apply to wide-line NMR or to NMR of metals, but in general it is not intended to cover these latter areas of NMR in this standard. This version does not include definitions pertaining to double resonance nor to rotating frame experiments.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

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5.1 Auger electron spectroscopy yields information concerning the chemical and physical state of a solid surface in the near surface region. Nondestructive depth profiling is limited to this near surface region. Techniques for measuring the crater depths and film thicknesses are given in (1).55.2 Ion sputtering is primarily used for depths of less than the order of 1 μm.5.3 Angle lapping or mechanical cratering is primarily used for depths greater than the order of 1 μm.5.4 The choice of depth profiling methods for investigating an interface depends on surface roughness, interface roughness, and film thickness (2).5.5 The depth profile interface widths can be measured using a logistic function which is described in Practice E1636.1.1 This guide covers procedures used for depth profiling in Auger electron spectroscopy.1.2 Guidelines are given for depth profiling by the following:  SectionIon Sputtering  6Angle Lapping and Cross-Sectioning  7Mechanical Cratering  8Mesh Replica Method 9Nondestructive Depth Profiling  101.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The primary advantage of RUS is its ability of making numerous measurements in a single test. In addition, it can examine rough ground parts. It requires little sample preparation, no couplants, and generally will work with soiled items; however, it has limited capability with soft materials. Soft metals, polymers, rubbers, and wood parts must be considered on a case by case basis.1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects in metallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy method. The procedure is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting and recording whole body resonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultrasonic ringing. It is used to distinguish acceptable parts from those containing defects, such as cracks, voids, chips, density defects, tempering changes, and dimensional variations that are closely correlated with the parts' mechanical system dynamic response.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Biodiesel is a fuel commodity primarily used as a blending component with diesel fuel. It is important to check the concentration of biodiesel in the diesel fuel in order to make sure it is either not below the minimum allowable limit and or does not exceed the maximum allowable limit.5.2 This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends.1.1 This test method determines fatty acid methyl esters (FAME or biodiesel) in diesel fuel oils. FAME can be quantitatively determined from 1.0 % to 30.0 % by volume. This test method uses linear variable filter (LVF) array based mid-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring FAME concentration.NOTE 1: See Section 6 for a list of interferences that could affect the results produced from this method.1.2 This test method uses a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (HATR) crystal and a univariate calibration.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to ensure compliance of trace lead as required by federal regulation for lead-free gasoline (40 CFR part 80).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total lead content of gasoline within the concentration range of 0.010 g to 0.10 g of lead/U.S. gal (2.5 mg/L to 25 mg/L). This test method compensates for variations in gasoline composition and is independent of lead alkyl type.1.2 The values given in grams per U.S. gallon are to be regarded as the standard in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.6 and 7.8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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