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AS 2167-2005 Graduated straight pipettes 被代替 发布日期 :  2005-02-11 实施日期 : 

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AS 2167-1996 Graduated straight pipettes 现行 发布日期 :  1996-12-05 实施日期 : 

定价: 481元 / 折扣价: 409 加购物车

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5.1 This practice employs the use of normal-incident, or straight beam, longitudinal wave ultrasound for the detection and evaluation of discontinuities in materials requiring volumetric examination.5.2 Although not all requirements of this practice can be applied universally to all inspection situations and materials, it does provide the basis for establishing contractual criteria between suppliers and purchasers of materials for performing contact longitudinal wave pulse-echo examination and may be used as a guide for writing detailed procedures for particular applications.5.3 Types of information that may be obtained from the pulsed-echo straight-beam practice are as follows:5.3.1 Apparent discontinuity size (see Note 1) by comparison of the signal amplitudes from the test piece to the amplitudes obtained from a reference standard.5.3.2 Depth location of discontinuities by calibrating the horizontal scale of the A-scan display.5.3.3 Material properties as indicated by the relative sound attenuation or velocity changes of compared items.5.3.4 The extent of bond and unbond (or fusion and lack of fusion) between two ultrasonic conducting materials if geometry and materials permit.NOTE 1: The term “apparent” is emphasized since true size depends on orientation, composition, and geometry of the discontinuity and equipment limitations.1.1 This practice2 covers ultrasonic examination of materials using the conventional pulse-echo method using straight-beam longitudinal waves introduced by direct contact of the search unit with the material being examined.1.2 This practice shall be applicable to development of an examination procedure agreed upon by the users of the document.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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4.1 This test method measures the horizontal component of the relative work required by the user during the cleaning operation for the movement of a vacuum cleaner in the home or other cleaning location on standardized laboratory carpeting. Work is determined from the forces measured in the horizontal direction only by the mobility equipment.4.2 This measurement is relative to the work performed by the user of vacuum cleaners and may be used for comparison between vacuum cleaners.4.3 The relation between actual vacuum cleaner usage and the method of operation is valid only if the vacuum cleaner user operates the vacuum cleaner properly and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.1.1 This test method covers a measurement of the relative work required to move an upright, canister, stick, or combination vacuum cleaner in a straight line with forward and backward stroking on a selection of typical carpeted surfaces.1.1.1 This test method measures only the horizontal component of work required to move the vacuum cleaner on carpet.1.2 This test method can be used in the testing of household and commercial vacuum cleaners.1.3 This test method measures the relative work needed to move the vacuum cleaner with its motor or motors in operation.1.4 This test method applies to the vacuum cleaning of carpets only.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The F11.21 subcommittee is actively pursuing new market relevant carpets with the assistance of the carpet industry. Section 12 has been revised to remove carpets that are no longer available (that is, plush, Frieze).1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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This specification covers zinc-coated fence fabric intended for enclosure of poultry, or to prevent entry into special areas. It is available in three styles as: poultry netting; poultry-and-garden fence fabric; and chick fence fabric. The zinc used for the coating shall be any grade of zinc conforming to the specified requirements. Wire tests shall be made to conform to the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers zinc-coated fence fabric intended for enclosure of poultry, or to prevent entry into special areas. It is available in three styles as:1.1.1 Poultry Netting, consisting of a mesh of woven wire with openings hexagonal in shape,1.1.2 Poultry-and-Garden Fence Fabric, consisting of a series of horizontal (line) wires with vertical (stay) wires wrapped around the line wires, forming rectangular openings, and1.1.3 Chick Fence Fabric, similar to poultry-and-garden fabric except that the wires at the bottom of the fabric are placed at a closer spacing.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 515元 / 折扣价: 438 加购物车

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4.1 Use of this practice will improve management and control of metal removal fluids. The proper management and use will reduce dermal and other occupational hazards associated with these fluids.4.1.1 Guide E2148 covers information on how to use documents related to health and safety of metalworking and metal removal fluids, including this document. Documents referenced in Guide E2148 are grouped as applicable to producers, to users, or to all.4.1.2 Practices E2693 and E2889 augment the information provided in this practice by providing information on prevention of dermatitis and on approaches to reducing exposures to different types of metal removal fluid related aerosols.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines for the selection and safe use of metal removal fluids, additives, and antimicrobials. This includes product selection, storage, dispensing, and maintenance.1.2 Water-miscible metal removal fluids are typically used at high dilution, and dilution rates vary widely. Additionally, there is potential for exposure to undiluted metal removal fluid as manufactured, as well as metal removal fluid additives and antimicrobials.1.3 Straight oils generally consist of a severely solvent-refined or hydro-treated petroleum oil, a synthetic oil, or other oils of animal or vegetable origin, including oils that are modified for performance characteristics (for example, esterified rapeseed oil, and so forth). Straight oils are not intended to be diluted with water prior to use. Additives are often included in straight oil formulations.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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This specification covers the standard procedure and acceptance for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates. The equipment shall be of the pulse-echo straight beam type. Nondestructive examination of the material shall be conducted in an area free of operations that interfere with proper functioning of the equipment. The test shall be done by one of the following methods: direct contact, immersion, or liquid column coupling. Ultrasonic examination shall be made on either major surface of the plate. Grid scanning shall be continuous along perpendicular grid lines or shall be continuous along parallel paths, transverse to the major plate axis, or shall be continuous along parallel paths, parallel to the major plate axis, or smaller centers. Any discontinuity indication causing a total loss of back reflection which cannot be contained within a circle is unacceptable.1.1 This specification2 covers the procedure and acceptance standards for straight-beam, pulse-echo, ultrasonic examination of rolled fully killed carbon and alloy steel plates, 1/2 in. [12.5 mm] and over in thickness. It was developed to assure delivery of steel plates free of gross internal discontinuities such as pipe, ruptures, or laminations and is to be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the plates are to be subjected to ultrasonic examination.1.2 Individuals performing examinations in accordance with this specification shall be qualified and certified in accordance with the requirements of the latest edition of ASNT SNT-TC-1A or an equivalent accepted standard. An equivalent standard is one which covers the qualification and certification of ultrasonic nondestructive examination candidates and which is acceptable to the purchaser.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 515元 / 折扣价: 438 加购物车

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5.1 This test method describes a technique for assessing the performance characteristics of tires in a winter environment on snow and ice surfaces. When snow is referred to hereafter, ice is implied as appropriate.5.2 The measured values quantify the dynamic longitudinal traction properties of tires under driving torque. Dynamic traction properties are obtained on snow surfaces prepared in accordance with the stated test procedures and attempts to quantify the tires' performance when integrated into a vehicle-environmental system. Changing any one of these environmental factors will change the measurements obtained on a subsequent test run.5.3 This test method addresses longitudinal driving traction properties only on snow and ice surfaces. Refer to Test Methods F1572 for test methods for braking and lateral traction properties on snow or ice, or both.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the driving traction of passenger car and light truck tires while traveling in a straight line on snow- or ice-covered surfaces.1.2 This test method utilizes a dedicated, instrumented, four-wheel rear-wheel drive test vehicle with a specially instrumented drive axle to measure fore-aft and vertical forces acting on a single driven test tire.1.3 This test method is suitable for research and development purposes where tires are compared during a single series of tests. They may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not necessarily agree or correlate either in rank order or absolute traction performance level with those obtained under other environmental conditions on other surfaces or the same surface after additional use.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Ordinarily, N and kN should be used as units of force. This standard may utilize kgf as a unit of force in order to accommodate the use of load and pressure tables, as found in other standards both domestic and global that are commonly used with this standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 646元 / 折扣价: 550 加购物车

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4.1 This test method is intended for tensile testing of fiber-reinforced thermosetting laminates. For injection molded thermoplastics, both reinforced and unreinforced, Test Method D638 is recommended. For most unidirectional fiber reinforced laminates, Test Methods D3039/D3039M is preferred.4.2 This test method is designed to produce tensile property data for quality control and research and development. Report all factors that influence the tensile properties, such as: material, methods of material and specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, test environment, speed of testing, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. See Section 12 for reporting requirements.4.3 It is realized that a material cannot be tested without also specifying the method of preparation of that material. Hence, when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, the greatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples are prepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to include the effects of sample preparation. Similarly, for referee purposes or comparisons within any given series of specimen, care must be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity in details of preparation, treatment, and handling.NOTE 6: Preparation techniques for reinforced thermosetting plastics can be found in the part of ISO 1268 appropriate to the manufacturing technique for the laminate.4.4 Because of the high degree of sensitivity exhibited by many reinforced plastics to rate of straining and environmental conditions, data obtained by this test method cannot be considered valid for applications involving load-time scales or environments widely different from those of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, no reliable estimation of the limit of usefulness can be made for most plastics. This sensitivity to rate of straining and environment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (including impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions.NOTE 7: Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as in many other organic materials and in many metals) is debatable, the propriety of applying the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted generally accepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or stress-strain characteristics of plastic materials is highly dependent on such factors as rate of application of stress, temperature, previous history of specimen, etc. However, stress-strain curves for plastics, determined as described in this test method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses. A straight line drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of an elastic modulus of the usually defined type. Such a constant is useful if its arbitrary nature and dependence on time, temperature, and similar factors are realized.4.5 For some materials, there are specifications that require the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classification D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of thermosetting reinforced plastics using test specimens of uniform nominal width when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.NOTE 1: Experience with this test method to date has been limited to glass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to be determined.1.2 This test method is used for testing materials of any thickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.).NOTE 2: This test method is not intended to cover precise physical procedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical standpoint, that wide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rate of strain between gauge marks on the specimen, and that the testing speeds specified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in the plastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesses of test specimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations in the surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations may influence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results are desired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional tests should be used where more precise physical data are needed.NOTE 3: Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknesses greater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thickness by machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcement amount and direction, but is generally not recommended.1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4: This standard and ISO 527-4 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.(a) This test method does not include testing of the Type I dogbone shaped specimen described in ISO 527-4. Testing of this type of specimen, primarily used for reinforced and un-reinforced thermoplastic materials, is described in Test Method D638.(b) The thickness of test specimens in this test method includes the 2 mm to 10 mm thickness range of ISO 527-4, but expands the allowable test thickness to 14 mm.(c) ISO 527-4 allows for the use of holes in the tabs of the test specimen while this standard does not.(d) The definitions for tensile strength and modulus differ between these two standards.NOTE 5: For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforced with oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus > 20-GPa (> 3.0 × 106 -psi) fibers, tests shall be made in accordance with Test Method D3039/D3039M or ISO 527 Part 5.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of braking traction of tires designed for and mounted on passenger cars or light trucks traveling straight ahead on a wet paved surface. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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