3.1 These test methods are used to determine the basicity of leather when used in accordance with Test Method D4654.1.1 These test methods are intended for use in determining the total, neutral, and combined acid sulfate in mineral-tanned leather.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Where sulfates are suspected, subgrade soils should be tested as an integral part of a geotechnical evaluation because the possibility that sulfate induced heave may occur if calcium containing stabilizers are used to improve the soils and sulfate reactions may also cause deterioration in concrete structures. When planning to treat a soil used in construction with lime, testing the soil for water soluble sulfates prior to treatment becomes very important (Note 2).5.2 When sulfate containing cohesive soils are treated with calcium-based stabilizers for foundation improvements, sulfates and free alumina in natural soils react with calcium and free hydroxide to form crystalline minerals, such as ettringite and thaumasite.4 Thaumasite forms when ettringite undergoes changes in the presence of carbonates at low temperatures.5 The sulfate minerals expand considerably when they are hydrated.NOTE 2: For more information on the effect of treating soils containing water soluble sulfates, refer to the following publication: Little, D.N., Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Course with Lime, Kendal/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA, 1995.NOTE 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These methods determine the water soluble sulfate content of cohesive soils used in construction by using the colorimetric technique. Two methods are presented in this standard. Method A is for use in the field and Method B is for use in the laboratory. The colorimetric technique involves measuring the scattering of a light beam through a solution that contains suspended particulate matter. Measurements of sulfate concentrations in construction soils can be used to guide professionals in the selection of appropriate stabilization methods and to assist in assessment of potential deterioration in concrete structures.NOTE 1: These test methods are partially based on the research conducted by Texas A & M University.1.2 The field method, Method A, is used as a screening test for the presence of sulfates and their concentration. The laboratory method, Method B, provides better resolution than the field method.1.3 Ion chromatography is also an acceptable alternative method that can be used to evaluate results, however, it is outside the scope of this standard.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The presence of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in oil in contact with metal surfaces in electrical equipment can result in corrosion of transformer components. The deterioration of metal surfaces is dependent upon the quantity of the corrosive agent and the operating environment. Although not quantitative, this test method is a means for recognizing the potential for such a hazard.1.1 This test method describes the qualitative determination of inorganic chlorides and sulfates in electrical insulating oils. Note 1 - It should be pointed out that if the strong acids, hydrochloric and sulfuric, are present, they will give positive results for chlorides and sulfates, respectively.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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AbstractThese test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:  SectionsSampling:   Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons  4 Powders and Flakes in Bulk  5 Liquids  6 Pastes  7 Preparation of Sample  8 Moisture by the Distillation Test Method 11 – 14 pH 15 Alkalinity 16 – 19 Alcohol-Soluble Matter 20 – 22 Alcohol-Insoluble Matter 23 and 24 Unsulfated Material 25 – 28 Combined Alcohols 29 – 32Ester SO3:   Method A. Titration Test Method 36 and 37  SectionsEster SO3:   Method B. Gravimetric Test Method 38 and 39 Sodium Sulfate 40 – 43 Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 44 – 471.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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