5.1 NTA is one of the very few techniques that are able to deal with the measurement of particle size distribution in the nano-size region. This guide describes the NTA technique for direct visualization and measurement of Brownian motion, generally applicable in the particle size range from several nanometers until the onset of sedimentation in the sample. The NTA technique is usually applied to dilute suspensions of solid material in a liquid carrier. It is a first principles method (that is, calibration in the standard understanding of this word, is not involved). The measurement is hydrodynamically based and therefore provides size information in the suspending medium (typically water). Thus the hydrodynamic diameter will almost certainly differ from size diameters determined by other techniques and users of the NTA technique need to be aware of the distinction of the various descriptors of particle diameter before making comparisons between techniques (see 8.7). Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the technique is routinely applied in industry and academia as both a research and development tool and as a QC method for the characterization of submicron systems.1.1 This guide deals with the measurement of particle size distribution of suspended particles, from ~10 nm to the onset of sedimentation, sample dependent, using the nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) technique. It does not provide a complete measurement methodology for any specific nanomaterial, but provides a general overview and guide as to the methodology that should be followed for good practice, along with potential pitfalls.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is intended as a solution to the difficulty of obtaining reproducible test results from heterogeneous samples.5.2 This practice works best with multilayered liquids, but can also be applied to samples with solid particles that are sufficiently small in size to be suspended in an emulsion.5.3 The emulsified/suspended sample can be used for all bulk property testing such as microwave digestion/inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP), ion chromatography, heat of combustion, ash content, water, nonvolatile residue, and pH. It may be prudent to retain a portion of the sample in its original, multiphase form for some types of analyses.1.1 This practice covers the generation of a uniform mixture or emulsion from multiphase samples which are primarily liquid in order to facilitate sample preparation, transfer, and analysis.1.2 This practice is designed to keep a multiphase fluid sample in an emulsified/suspended state long enough to take a single, composite sample that is representative of the sample as a whole. The sample may reform multiple layers after standing.1.3 The emulsion/suspension generated by following this practice can be used only for analytical procedures designed for the total sample and procedures not significantly affected by the emulsifier or the presence of an emulsion/suspension.1.4 This practice assumes that a representative sample of not more than 1 L has been obtained.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers metal ceiling suspension systems used primarily to support acoustical tile or acoustical lay-in panels. Some suspension systems incorporate locking assembly details that enhance performance by providing some continuity or load transfer capability between adjacent sections of the ceiling grid. The structural classification or grade of ceiling suspension systems shall be determined by the capability of main runners or nailing bars to support a uniformly distributed load. These classifications shall be: light-duty systems; intermediate-duty systems; and heavy-duty systems. The structural classification of ceiling suspension systems shall be based on the load-carrying capacity of the main runners of the structural network. Suspension system structural members shall conform to the following tolerance requirements: metal thickness; straightness; length; overall cross-section dimensions; and section squareness.1.1 This specification covers metal ceiling suspension systems used primarily to support acoustical tile or acoustical lay-in panels.1.2 Some suspension systems incorporate locking assembly details that enhance performance by providing some continuity or load transfer capability between adjacent sections of the ceiling grid. The test methods of Test Methods E3090/E3090M referenced in this specification do not provide the means for making a complete evaluation of continuous beam systems, nor for assessing the continuity contribution to overall system performance. However, the test methods can be used for evaluating primary structural members in conjunction with secondary members that interlock, as well as with those of noninterlocking type.1.3 While this specification is applicable to the exterior installation of metal suspension systems, the atmospheric conditions and wind loading require additional design attention to ensure safe implementation. For that reason, a specific review and approval should be solicited from the responsible architect and engineer, or both, for any exterior application of metal suspension systems in the construction of a new building or building modification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers the standard procedures for the installation of metal ceiling suspension systems for acoustical tile and lay-in panels. Here, specifications are provided for the installation of individual components such as hangers, carrying channels, main runners, cross runners, splines, assembly devices, and ceiling fixtures. Specifications are also given for possible interference of ceiling related components, and the lighting and appearance.1.1 This practice covers the installation of suspension systems for acoustical tile and lay-in panels. It is applicable to contractors whose services are utilized for installing acoustical ceilings and to other trades if their activities are responsible for interference with ceiling components or performance as defined in this recommended practice.1.2 While the practices described in this document have equal application to fire-resistive suspension systems, many systems impose additional requirements to obtain the fire endurance classification of particular floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assemblies. These details are available from the listing agency and from the manufacturers.1.3 Similarly, additional detailing is often necessary to meet sound attenuation requirements when ceiling plenums extend over contiguous rooms. Obtain these from the manufacturer of the acoustical material employed.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 While many of the practices described in this practice have application to the installation of metal suspension systems in exterior environments, the specific design of exterior ceiling installations requires the review and approval of the architect or engineer, or both, who are responsible for the construction of the building or modifications to an existing building. While recommendations from the manufacturer are solicited, it remains the final responsibility of the architect/engineer to ensure proper application of the materials in question.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 592元 / 折扣价： 504 元

1. Scope and Objectives 1.1 Scope This Standard applies to suspension and dead-end composite insulators used on ac overhead transmission lines with a nominal voltage 69 kV or greater and a frequency not greater than 100 Hz. 1.2 Objectives The

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5.1 This test method can be used to quickly determine the lubricating ability of greases lubricating automotive plastic socket suspension joints. This test method has found wide application in qualifying greases used in chassis systems. This test method is a material and application oriented approach based on inputs from field experiences for characterizing the tribological behavior (friction and wear) using random, discrete, and constant parameter combinations. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications prior to commercialization.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the friction and wear behavior of grease lubricated plastic socket suspension joints, for validation of suspension joint greases and quality inspection for those greases under high-frequency linear-oscillation motion using the SRV test machine.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice is a prescriptive set of installation methods to be used for suspended ceilings and is often used in lieu of designing a separate lateral restraint system. The authority having jurisdiction shall determine the applicability of this practice to local code requirements.3.2 This practice covers installation of suspended ceiling systems and related components in areas that require resistance to the effects of earthquake motions as defined by ASCE 7 and the International Building Code.3.3 The practice is broken into two main sections. The first section covers areas with light to moderate earthquake potential (Seismic Design Category C) while the second deals with severe earthquake potential (Seismic Design Category D, E & F).3.4 This practice includes requirements from multiple sources including previous versions of this practice, CISCA Seismic Recommendations for Direct-hung Acoustical Tile and Lay-in Ceilings, Seismic Zones 0-2 and CISCA Guidelines for Seismic Restraint for Direct Hung Suspended Ceiling Assemblies, Seismic Zones 3 & 4, suspended ceiling requirements from the International Building Code and ASCE 7. The purpose is to combine the requirements from these sources into a single comprehensive document.AbstractThis practice covers acoustical ceiling suspension systems and their additional requirements for application in areas subject to light to moderate seismic disturbance such as Uniform Building Code Seismic Zone 2, the BOCA Basic National Building Code where Av is less than 0.20 but greater than 0.10, and the Standard Building Code (SBC) where Av is less than 0.20 but greater than 0.05. This practice also covers areas subject to moderate to severe seismic disturbance such as Uniform Building Code Seismic Zones 3 and 4, the BOCA Basic National Building Code where Av is greater than 0.20, and the SBC where Av is greater than 0.20. The application of this practice is to be determined by local authorities. Current seismic maps published by recognized authorities such as those previously mentioned, as well as related material such as Open File 82-1033 and MS-812 Seismicity Maps, should be consulted. This practice is not intended to stifle research and development of new products or methods which may simplify the application method specified herein. A variation, however, must be substantiated by verifiable engineering data. A ceiling area of 144 ft2 [13m2] or less, surrounded by walls that connect directly to the structure above shall be exempt from this practice.1.1 This practice covers the installation of suspended systems for acoustical tile and lay-in panels and their additional requirements for two groups of buildings that are constructed to resist the effects of earthquake motions as defined by ASCE 7 and the International Building Code. These groupings are for Seismic Design Category C and Seismic Design Categories D, E and F.1.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall determine the applicability of this practice.1.3 Test Methods E3090/E3090M, Specification C635, and Practice C636 cover suspension systems, their installation, and testing without special regard to seismic lateral restraint needs. They remain applicable and shall be followed when this practice is specified.1.4 Ceilings less than or equal to 144 ft2 [13.4 m2] and surrounded by walls connected to the structure above are exempt from the requirements of this practice.1.5 This practice is not intended to stifle research and development of new products or methods. This practice is not intended to prevent the installation of any material or prohibit any design or method of construction not prescribed in this practice, provided that any such alternative has been substantiated by verifiable engineering data or full-scale dynamic testing that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.1.6 Ceiling areas of 1000 ft2 [92.9 m2] or less shall be exempt from the lateral force bracing requirements of 5.2.8.1.7 Ceilings constructed of gypsum board which is screw or nail attached to suspended members that support a ceiling on one level extending from wall to wall shall be exempt from the requirements of this practice.1.8 Free floating ceilings (those not attached directly to any structural walls) supported by chains or cables from the structure are not required to satisfy the seismic force requirements provided they meet the following requirements:1.8.1 The design load for such items shall equal 1.4 times the vertical operating weight.1.8.2 Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with 5.7.1.8.3 The connection to the structure shall allow a 360° range of motion in the horizontal plane.1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems result in nonconformance with the specification.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is to determine if a test substance can inactivate viruses in suspension.5.2 Regulatory agencies may require additional testing using in vitro (Practice E1053, Test Method E2197) or in vivo (Test Method E1838) carrier tests for product registration purposes.1.1 This practice is intended to demonstrate the virucidal activity of test substances with viruses in suspension.1.2 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practice regulations (GLPs) are required and to follow them where appropriate (40 CFR, Part 160 for EPA submissions and 21 CFR, Part 58 for FDA submissions).1.3 Refer to the appropriate regulatory agency for performance standards of virucidal efficacy.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The user should consult a reference for the laboratory safety recommendations.21.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 PCS is one of the very few techniques that are able to deal with the measurement of particle size distribution in the nano-size region. This guide highlights this light scattering technique, generally applicable in the particle size range from the sub-nm region until the onset of sedimentation in the sample. The PCS technique is usually applied to slurries or suspensions of solid material in a liquid carrier. It is a first principles method (that is, calibration in the standard understanding of this word, is not involved). The measurement is hydrodynamically based and therefore provides size information in the suspending medium (typically water). Thus the hydrodynamic diameter will almost certainly differ from other size diameters isolated by other techniques and users of the PCS technique need to be aware of the distinction of the various descriptors of particle diameter before making comparisons between techniques. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the technique is widely applied in industry and academia as both a research and development tool and as a QC method for the characterization of submicron systems.1.1 This guide deals with the measurement of particle size distribution of suspended particles, which are solely or predominantly sub-100 nm, using the photon correlation (PCS) technique. It does not provide a complete measurement methodology for any specific nanomaterial, but provides a general overview and guide as to the methodology that should be followed for good practice, along with potential pitfalls.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 1365元 / 折扣价： 1161 元

4.1 Load Carrying Capacity: 4.1.1 Most architectural specifications contain a uniform load requirement based on Specification C635. Additionally, it is useful to know the uniform loads of cross runners to evaluate their suitability for various ceiling loads.4.1.2 The procedure detailed in this standard is intended to be used for the simple 4 ft span specified in Specification C635 but it can be used for simple spans other than 4 ft.4.1.3 Various concentrated load combinations can be similarly tested or they can be calculated from the uniform load results by engineering analysis.4.2 Connection Strength in Tension and Compression: 4.2.1 Structural failure of grid systems under axial loading is controlled by the failure of connections between the grid members. Specification of the allowable axial loads is useful for designers and specifiers for determining which grid systems will be appropriate for specific job conditions.4.2.2 Connection strength is particularly important where the grid installation is expected to experience lateral loads due to earthquake or wind.4.2.3 Connection strength in both compression and in tension are specified in Practice E580 as mean ultimate test load in tension and in compression.1.1 These test methods cover metal ceiling suspension systems used primarily to support acoustical tile, acoustical lay-in panels, or suspended T-bar type ceiling systems.1.2 These test methods cover the determination of strength properties of suspended ceiling grid system components as follows:Tests SubsectionsLoad Carrying Capacity 5.1Connection Strength in Tension 5.2.2; 5.2.4Connection Strength in Compression 5.2.3; 5.2.5Wire Pullout Resistance 5.31.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 In this guide, the conditions, measurement apparatus, and procedures for measuring several characteristics of nanoparticle properties on three different instrument platforms using laser-amplified detection/power spectrum analysis (LAD/PSA) technology are described. This is a more recently developed technology, commercialized in 1990, than the older technology known as either photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) or quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS)—those titles are interchangeable—developed first in 1961. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) is the most recent DLS technology to be commercialized. All three of these technologies fall under the broader category of DLS, based on the “dynamic” movement of the measured nanoparticles under Brownian motion.4.2 DLS in the lower end of the nanometre size range becomes progressively more difficult as the particle optical scattering coefficients drop sharply, reducing the scattered light intensity. The advantage of the heterodyne detection mode over the homodyne detection mode, especially at the low end of the nanometre range, will be explained.4.3 The LAD/PSA technology will be described and the major differences between it and the PCS-QLS and NTA technologies will be made clear. For thorough discussions of PCS-QLS, refer to Guide E2490, Test Method E3247, and ISO 22412 Annex Section A.1. For a thorough discussion of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), refer to Guide E2834. For detailed information on laser-amplified detection/frequency power spectrum (LAD/FPS) technology, refer to ISO 22412 Annex Section A.2. General information on particle characterization practices can be found in Practice E1817, and nanotechnology terminology is given in Terminology E2456. Detailed information on sampling for particle characterization can be found in ISO 14488.1.1 The technology, laser-amplified detection/power spectrum analysis (LAD/PSA), is available in three different platforms, which will be designated as Platforms A, B, and C.1.1.1 Platform A—This is a solid-state probe configuration that serves as the optical bench in each of the platforms. It consists of an optical fiber coupler with a y-beam splitter that directs the scattered light signal from the nanoparticles at 180° back to a photodiode detector. The sensing end of the probe can be immersed in a suspension or positioned to measure one drop of a sample on top of the sensing surface.1.1.2 Platform B—The same probe is mounted in a case, positioned horizontally, to detect the signal from either a disposable or permanent cuvette.1.1.3 Platform C—Two probes are mounted in a case, horizontally, at opposite sides of a permanent sample cell. Both size distribution and zeta potential can be measured in this configuration.1.2 The laser beam travelling through the probe measuring the scattered light from the sample of nanoparticles, in all three platforms, is partially reflected back to the same photodiode detector, and the high optical power of the laser is added to the low optical power of the scattered light signal. The interference (mixing or beating) of those two signals is known as heterodyne beating. The resulting high-power detected signal provides the highest signal-to-noise ratio among dynamic light-scattering (DLS) technologies.1.3 This combined, amplified, optical signal is converted with a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) into a frequency power spectrum, then into a logarithmic power spectrum that is deconvolved into number and volume size distributions. The mean intensity, polydispersity, number and volume size distributions, concentration, and molecular weight can be reported in all platforms, plus zeta potential on Platform C.1.4 This technology is capable of measuring nanoparticles in a size range from 2.0 nanometres (nm) to 10 micrometres (µm), at concentrations in a suspending liquid medium up to 40 % cc/mL for all parameters given in 1.3.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车