定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元 加购物车

1.1 This guide specifies a method to measure the surface and estimate the in-vivo material loss from the conical taper junctions, such as the femoral head/stem junction or adapter sleeve from explanted modular hip prosthesis, modular knee or shoulder joints. This guide is applicable to any articulating bearing material, stem material and conical taper size. The principles in this guide may be applied to other designs of taper junction, such as the modular stem/neck junction found in some hip joints.1.2 This guide covers the measurement of the surface and estimation of depth of material loss and volume of material loss and taper geometry using a Roundness Machine (1-4), Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) (5) and Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine (6, 7).2 Other measurement equipment may be used to measure the surface if the resolution and accuracy of the measurements are comparable with the instruments detailed in this standard. The measurement and analysis protocols should be based on those described in this standard.NOTE 1: The maximum depth of material loss is sensitive to the number and spacing of data points.1.3 The measurement techniques in this standard guide use measurements taken on the surface of the taper using stylus instruments. The material loss/corrosion mechanisms in the taper junction may lead to oxide layers or corrosion products deposited on the surface of the taper. These layers may lead to an underestimation of the volume of material loss.1.4 The explants may have debris or biological deposits on the surfaces of the taper junctions. These deposits will prevent the measurement of the actual surface of the taper junction and their effect on the measurement must be considered when deciding the cleaning protocol. Normally, the taper surfaces will be cleaned before measurements are taken.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. As a precautionary measure, explanted devices should be sterilized or minimally disinfected by an appropriate means that does not adversely affect the implant or the associated tissue that may be the subject of subsequent analysis. A detailed discussion of precautions to be used in handling human tissues can be found in ISO 12891-1. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Flat-rolled electrical steel master coils are usually slit into narrower coils. Usually these slit coils are punched or sheared into laminations of various shapes. The laminations are then uniformly stacked to become the cores of magnetic devices such as motors and transformers. Stacking of many laminations exhibiting excessive taper causes assembly problems and poor appearance. Nonuniform stack lengths in motors cause imbalance and noise. When the laminations are interleaved in transformers, taper causes air spaces within the core resulting in increased noise, increased exciting current, and higher core loss.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring edge taper and crown of flat-rolled electrical steel coils as produced at the steel mill.1.2 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard.1.3 The following material specifications include requirements for edge taper or crown: A677, A683, A726, A876, and A1086. Specification A840 also includes requirements for edge taper or crown, but it has been withdrawn and reference to it is included for historical purposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method helps to assess the axial locking force of a modular taper. Some types of devices that may utilize this type of connection are the modular shoulder and modular hip prostheses. Additional means of evaluating the locking mechanisms of tapers may be appropriate, depending upon the design of the device.4.2 This test method may not be appropriate for all implant applications. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the practice in view of the materials and design being tested and their potential application.4.3 While this test method may be used to measure the force required to disengage tapers, any comparison of such data for various component designs must take into consideration the size of the implant and the type of locking mechanism evaluated.1.1 This test method establishes a standard methodology for determining the force required, under laboratory conditions, to disassemble tapers of implants that are otherwise not intended to release. Some examples are the femoral components of a total or partial hip replacement or shoulder in which the head and base component are secured together by a self-locking taper.1.2 This test method has been developed primarily for evaluation of metal and ceramic head designs on metal tapers but may have application to other materials and designs.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings. The type of pipe threads are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows. For left-hand threads add LH to the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. Different physical properties of pipe threads such as form, dimensions, angle, truncation, height, sealing capacity, and tightness shall be in accordance with the requirements specified. The gages have two types which may be used to completely cover gage requirements: (1) master gages used to check working gages; and (2) working gages used to check threads during manufacture and for conformance inspection. Both external and internal taper threads shall be gaged.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings.1.2 Threads meeting this specification shall only be used on those plastic materials deemed suitable by the manufacturer.1.3 Specialty threads or threads not requiring a leak-tight joint are not covered in this specification.NOTE 1: The terms “wrench makeup” and “wrench tight” are standard terminology for tightness and do not imply using a pipe wrench or other tools which would damage plastic pipe and fittings. The terms “hand-tight” and “hand-tight engagement” refer only to thread gaging (not pipe and fitting connections) and is the definition of the L1 gage length.1.4 Thread Designations—The type of pipe threads included in this specification are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows in accordance with ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1: 3/8-18 NPT. For left-hand threads add LH to the end of the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. For example: 3/8-18 NPT-LH.1.4.1 Each of these letters in the symbol has a definite significance as follows:  N = National (American Standard)  P = Pipe  T = Taper1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.2.1 and 8.3.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The modular interfaces of total joint prostheses are subjected to micromotion that could result in fretting and corrosion. The release of corrosion products and particulate debris could stimulate adverse biological reactions, as well as lead to accelerated wear at the articulation interface. Methods to assess the stability and corrosion resistance of the modular interfaces, therefore, are an essential component of device testing.5.2 Long-term in-vitro testing is essential to produce damage and debris from fretting of a modular interface (4, 5). The use of proteinaceous solutions is recommended to best simulate the in-vivo environment.5.3 Short-term tests often can be useful in evaluations of differences in design during device development (1-4). The electrochemical methods provide semiquantitative measures of fretting corrosion rates. The relative contributions of mechanical and electrochemical processes to the total corrosion and particulate release phenomena, however, have not been established; therefore, these tests should not be utilized to compare the effects of changes in material combinations, but rather be utilized to evaluate design changes of bore (head) and cone (stem) components.5.4 These tests are recommended for evaluating the fretting wear and corrosion of modular interfaces of hip femoral head and stem components. Similar methods may be applied to other modular interfaces where fretting corrosion is of concern.5.5 These methods are recommended for comparative evaluation of the fretting wear and corrosion of new materials, coatings, or designs, or a combination thereof, under consideration for hip femoral head and neck modular interfaces. Components for testing may be those of a manufactured modular hip device (finished product) or sample coupons, which are designed and manufactured for simulation of the head, taper, and neck region of a modular hip device.1.1 This practice describes the testing, analytical, and characterization methods for evaluating the mechanical stability of the bore and cone interface of the head and stem junction of modular hip implants subjected to cyclic loading by measurements of fretting corrosion (1-5).2 Two test methods described are as follows:1.1.1 Method I—The primary purpose of this method is to provide a uniform set of guidelines for long-term testing to determine the amount of damage by measurement of the production of corrosion products and particulate debris from fretting and fretting corrosion. Damage is also assessed by characterization of the damage to the bore and cone surfaces (4, 5).1.1.2 Method II—This method provides for short-term electrochemical evaluation of the fretting corrosion of the modular interface. It is not the intent of this method to produce damage nor particulate debris but rather to provide a rapid method for qualitative assessment of design changes which do not include material changes (1-4).1.2 This practice does not provide for judgment or prediction of in-vivo implant performance, but rather provides for a uniform set of guidelines for evaluating relative differences in performance between differing implant designs, constructs, or materials with performance defined in the context of the amount of fretting and fretting corrosion. Also, this practice should permit direct comparison of fretting corrosion data between independent research groups, and thus provide for building of a data base on modular implant performance.1.3 This practice provides for comparative testing of manufactured hip femoral heads and stems and for coupon-type specimen testing where the male taper portion of the modular junction does not include the entire hip implant, with the taper portion of the coupon identical in design, manufacturing, and materials to the taper of the final hip implant (4, 5).1.4 Method I of this practice permits simultaneous evaluation of the fatigue strength of a femoral hip stem (in accordance with Practice F1440) and the mechanical stability and debris generated by fretting and fretting corrosion of the modular interface.1.5 The general concepts and methodologies described in this practice could be applied to the study of other modular interfaces in total joint prostheses.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

AbstractThe specification provides the standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in stopcocks and stoppers for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It solely covers ground surfaces dimensional interchangeability, and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified. Materials shall be tested and shall conform to the specified values of design, dimension, designation, tolerances, taper, and master gages; as stated in the requirements for Single Straight-Bore Taper-Ground Stopcocks, Single Oblique-Bore Stopcocks, Double Oblique-Bore (Three-Way) Stopcocks, T-Bore and 120-deg Bore Stopcocks, Taper-Ground Flask Stoppers, and Taper-Ground Bottle Stoppers.1.1 The specification provides standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in stopcocks and stoppers for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It covers dimensional interchangeability of the ground surfaces only and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified.NOTE 1: The dimensions pertaining to stopcocks and stoppers were taken from the Commercial Standard CS 21 of the U.S. Department of Commerce.NOTE 2: Although glass is the most commonly used material for stopcocks and stoppers, other materials may be used as specified. Stopcocks and stoppers constructed from glass should conform to Specifications E438 and E671.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the required properties of only the ground surfaces of interchangeable taper-ground joints used in laboratory and industrial equipment in full-length, medium length, short length, and international length grindings. It includes information on the testing method for the products. After testing, samples should conform to the required quality of surface finish, taper, and leakage for the specific joint size designation.1.1 This specification covers designations, dimensions, and tolerances for only the ground surfaces of interchangeable taper-ground joints for laboratory and industrial equipment in full-length, medium-length, short-length, and international-length (ISO K-6 series) grindings.NOTE 1: The dimensions pertaining to full-length, medium-length, and short-length joints, other than for the tolerance on length of grind, were taken directly from the now obsolete Commercial Standard CS 21.NOTE 2: Tolerances on the diameters of the international-length joints do not agree with those given in ISO Recommendation R 383. These tolerances have been established to agree with those of CS 21 in order to prevent the negative projection (large end of inner joint being smaller than large end of outer joint) permitted by ISO.NOTE 3: Although glass is the most commonly used material for ground joints, other materials may be used as specified. Taper-ground joints constructed from glass should be of suitable chemical and thermal properties in accordance with Specification E438. Joints should be as free as possible of visible defects and conform to Specification E671.1.2 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the Test Method portion, Section 4, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车