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3.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.3.2 For refractory raw materials and products the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method which requires this value for the calculation of results.3.3 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.3.4 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:3.4.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,3.4.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,3.4.3 No impurity has been introduced during processing of the sample,3.4.4 The sample itself is not magnetic and all magnetic material introduced during processing of the sample has been removed,3.4.5 The material is not hydratable or reactive with water, and3.4.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.3.4.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.3.5 In interpreting the results of this test method it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size does not guarantee that all closed pores have been eliminated. The amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or even between samples of the same or like materials, and the specified sample particle size is not the same as that specified for Test Method C604. The values generated by this test method may, therefore, be close approximations rather than accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, comparisons of results should only be judiciously made between like materials tested by this test method or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the materials being compared or the test method used.1.1 This test method covers the determination of true specific gravity of refractory materials under prescribed conditions. It is not applicable to materials attacked by water.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exception—The equipment used in this standard for weights and volumes is only available in SI units.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Apparent and true specific gravity, as determined by this test method, are influenced by the type of coals carbonized and the operating and preparational conditions of that carbonization, that is, charge bulk density, heating rate, and pulverization level. In turn, these properties directly influence the performance in processes using coke.1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity (Sections 5 to 9) and true specific gravity (Sections 10 to 14) of lump coke larger than 25 mm [1 in.] size and calculating porosity (Section 15) from the specific gravity data.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus, the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable materials that are not suitable for test with Test Method C135.4.3 For refractory raw materials and products, the true specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting differences in chemical composition between supposedly like samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes, calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and for any other test method that requires this value for the calculation of results.4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in purchasing contracts or agreements.4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method are the following:4.5.1 The sample is representative of the material in general,4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size specified,4.5.3 No contamination has been introduced during processing of the sample,4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous manner.4.5.7 Deviation from any of these assumptions negates the usefulness of the results.4.6 In interpreting the results of this test method, it must be recognized that the specified sample particle size is significantly finer than specified for Test Method C135. Even this finer particle size for the sample does not preclude the presence of some closed pores, and the amount of residual closed pores may vary between materials or even between samples of the same or like materials. The values generated by this test method may, therefore, be very close approximations rather than accurate representations of true specific gravities. Thus, comparisons of results should only be judiciously made between like materials tested by this test method or with full recognition of potentially inherent differences between the materials being compared or the test method used.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for materials that easily hydrate which are not suitable for test with Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an alternate for Test Methods C135, C128, and C188 for determining true specific gravity.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3, the equivalent SI unit is expressed in parentheses.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The true vapor pressure of a distillate fuel is a relative measurement, both of the tendency of the most volatile portion of the fuel to gasify, and of the restraining pressure required to prevent gasification of the most volatile portion. Thus the measurement is of importance when a fuel is to be utilized in applications where no gasification may be tolerated, and temperature-pressure conditions are expected to be near the true vapor pressure of the fuel.1.1 This test method describes the calculation of true vapor pressures of petroleum distillate fuels for which distillation data may be obtained in accordance with Test Method D86 without reaching a decomposition point prior to obtaining 90 % by volume distilled.1.2 The test method may be used to calculate vapor pressures at temperatures between the 0 % equilibrium flash temperature and the critical temperature of the fuel. Provision is included for obtaining a calculated critical temperature for fuels for which it is not known.1.3 Critical pressure-temperature data are usually not available for petroleum fuels. However, if both the critical pressure and critical temperature are known, the values shall be used as the coordinates in Fig. 1 to establish a critical point to be used instead of the focal point established as described in 6.5.4; and the calculations described in 6.5 through 6.5.4 are not required. If either a determined true boiling point or determined equilibrium flash vaporization temperature at 0 % distilled at atmospheric pressure is known, the determined value shall be used to establish the lower limit of the bubble-point line referred to in 6.4.FIG. 1 Test Method D86 Distillation Temperature and Equalization Flash Vaporization Temperature Pressure Conversion Chart1.4 The method is not reliable for distillate fuels having a boiling range of less than 100 °F (38 °C) between the Test Method D86 10 % by volume and 90 % by volume distilled temperatures.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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