This guide presents a logical process for determining the usability of environmental data for decision making activities. The process describes a series of steps to determine if the enviromental data were collected as planned by the project team and to determine if the a priori expectations/assumptions of the team were met.This guide identifies the technical issues pertinent to the integrity of the environmental sample collection and analysis process. It guides the data assessor and data user about the appropriate action to take when data fail to meet acceptable standards of quality and reliability.The guide discusses, in practical terms, the proper application of statistical procedures to evaluate the database. It emphasizes the major issues to be considered and provides references to more thorough statistical treatments for those users involved in detailed statistical assessments.This guide is intended for those who are responsible for making decisions about environmental waste management projects.1.1 This guide covers a practical strategy for examining an environmental project data collection effort and the resulting data to determine if they will support the intended use. It covers the review of project activities to determine conformance with the project plan and impact on data usability. This guide also leads the user through a logical sequence to determine which statistical protocols should be applied to the data.1.1.1 This guide does not establish criteria for the acceptance or use of data but instructs the assessor/user to use the criteria established by the project team during the planning (data quality objective process), and optimization and implementation (sampling and analysis plan) process.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 A clearance examination of abatement areas and other areas associated with other lead-hazard control activities, or building maintenance or modification activities in multifamily dwellings having similar units, common areas or exterior sites is performed to determine that the clearance area is adequately safe for reoccupancy.4.2 It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to assure that all regulatory, contractual, and personnel requirements are met prior to conduct of a clearance examination. At a minimum, users of this standard shall be trained in its use and in safe practices for its conduct.4.3 This practice is one of a set of standards developed for lead hazard management activities. The visual assessment procedures required in this standard are found in Practice E2255/E2255M and the record keeping requirements are found in Practice E2239.4.4 Although this practice was primarily developed for multifamily dwellings, this practice may be also applied to nonresidential buildings and related structures by agreement between the client and the individual conducting the clearance examination.4.5 This practice may be used by owners and property managers, including owner-occupants, and others responsible for maintaining facilities. It may also be used by lead hazard management consultants, construction contractors, labor groups, real estate and financial professionals, insurance organizations, legislators, regulators, and legal professionals.4.6 This standard does not address whether lead-hazard reduction activities or other building modification or maintenance work were done properly.1.1 This practice covers visual assessment for the presence of deteriorated paint, surface dust, painted debris, and paint chips with environmental sampling of surface dust to determine whether a lead hazard exists at the time of sample collection, following lead-hazard reduction activities, or other building maintenance and modification activities.1.2 This practice addresses clearance examination of multifamily dwellings having similar units, common areas or exterior sites.1.3 This practice also addresses clearance examinations that may include soil sampling, for example when soil abatement has been performed.1.4 This practice includes a procedure for determining whether regulatory requirements for lead clearance levels for dust and, where warranted, soil have been met, and, consequently whether a clearance area, passes or fails a clearance examination.NOTE 1: This practice is based on that portion of “clearance” described in 40 CFR Part 745 for abatement, and in 24 CFR 35 for lead-hazard reduction activities other than abatement, except that composite dust sampling as described therein is not used.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 Methods described in this practice may not meet or be allowed by requirements or regulations established by local authorities having jurisdiction. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to comply with all such requirements and regulations.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1. Scope 1.1 This Standard describes a procedure for the measurement of A-weighted sound levels in and around industrial, institutional, or commercial sites. 1.2 This Standard applies to the measurement of sounds that are essentially non-impulsive

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5.1 Decommissioning of boreholes and monitoring wells, and other devices requires that the specific characteristics of each site be considered. The wide variety of geological, biological, and physical conditions, construction practices, and chemical composition of the surrounding soil, rock, waste, and groundwater precludes the use of a single decommissioning practice. The procedures discussed in this guide are intended to aid the geologist or engineer in selecting the tasks needed to plan, choose materials for, and carry out an effective permanent decommissioning operation. Each individual situation should be evaluated separately and the appropriate technology applied to meet site conditions. Considerations for selection of appropriate procedures are presented in this guide, but other considerations based on site specific conditions should also be considered.NOTE 6: Ideally, decommissioning should be considered as an integral part of the design of the monitoring well. Planning at this early stage can make the decommissioning activity easier to accomplish. See Practice D5092 for details on monitoring well construction.5.2 This guide is intended to provide technical information and is not intended to supplant statutes or regulations of local governing bodies. Approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities should be an important consideration during the decommissioning process. This practice is in general accordance with other national and state guidance documents on well decommissioning (ANSI/NGWA-01-14 [1]1 and California EPA [2].NOTE 7: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors, Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Practice D3740 was developed for agencies engaged in laboratory testing and/or inspection of soils and rock. As such, it is not totally applicable to agencies performing this practice. However, users of this practice should recognize that the framework of Practice D3740 is appropriate for evaluating the quality of an agency performing this practice. Currently, there is no known qualifying national authority that inspects agencies that perform this practice.NOTE 8: An extensive research program on annular sealants was conducted from 2001 through 2009 and in subsequent years by the Nebraska Grout Task Force (2). This research included cement and bentonite grouts and the use of pellets and chips. The general finding of the study indicates all sealing methods suffer from some shrinkage in the portion of the well in the unsaturated zone. The best grouts were cement-sand, bentonite chips, neat cements and bentonite slurries with more than 20 percent solids. Especially problematic is the use of low solids content bentonite slurries in the unsaturated zone leading to a prohibition on their use in California (3). Regional or local regulations may specify different sealing methods and mixtures that differ from seal guideline in this standard.NOTE 9: The decommissioning of wells that intersect openings, fractured layers or other large openings, such as caves, can make sealing and decommissioning efforts difficult. The decommissioning of wells in areas known to have these conditions should involve professionals experienced in decommissioning in these areas.1.1 This guide covers procedures that are specifically related to permanent decommissioning (closure) of the following as applied to environmental activities. It is intended for use where solid or hazardous materials or wastes are found, or where conditions occur requiring the need for decommissioning. The following devices are considered in this guide:1.1.1 A borehole used for geoenvironmental purposes (see Note 1),1.1.2 Monitoring wells,1.1.3 Observation wells,1.1.4 Injection wells (see Note 2),1.1.5 Piezometers,1.1.6 Wells used for the extraction of contaminated groundwater, the removal of floating or submerged materials other than water such as gasoline or tetrachloroethylene, or other devices used for the extraction of soil gas,1.1.7 A borehole used to construct a monitoring well, and1.1.8 Any other well or boring that houses a vadose zone monitoring device.1.2 Temporary decommissioning of the above is not covered in this guide.NOTE 1: This guide may be used to decommission boreholes where no contamination is observed at a site (see Practice D420 for details); however, the primary use of the guide is to decommission boreholes and wells where solid or hazardous waste have been identified. Methods identified in this guide can also be used in other situations such as the decommissioning of water supply wells and boreholes where water contaminated with nonhazardous pollutants (such as nitrates or sulfates) are present. This guide should be consulted in the event that routine geotechnical studies indicate the presence of contamination at a site. Consult and follow national, state, or local regulations as they may control required decommissioning procedures.NOTE 2: The term “well” is used in this guide to denote monitoring wells, piezometers, or other devices constructed in a manner similar to a well. Some of the devices listed such as injection and extraction wells can be decommissioned using this guide for information but are not specifically covered in detail in the text.NOTE 3: Details on the decommissioning of multiple-screened wells are not provided in this guide due to the many methods used to construct these types of wells and the numerous types of commercially available multiple-screened well systems. However, in some instances, the methods presented in this guide may be used with few changes. An example of how this guide may be used is the complete removal of the multiple-screened wells by overdrilling.1.3 Most monitoring wells and piezometers are intended primarily for water quality sampling, water level observation, or soil gas sampling, or combination thereof, to determine quality. Many wells are relatively small in diameter typically 2.5 to 20 cm [1 to 8 inches] and are used to monitor for hazardous chemicals in groundwater. Decommissioning of monitoring wells is necessary to:1.3.1 Eliminate the possibility that the well is used for purposes other than intended,1.3.2 Prevent migration of contaminants into an aquifer or between aquifers,1.3.3 Prevent migration of contaminants in the vadose zone,1.3.4 Reduce the potential for vertical or horizontal migration of fluids in the well or adjacent to the well, and1.3.5 Remove the well from active use when the well is no longer capable of rehabilitation or has failed structurally; is no longer needed for monitoring; is no longer capable of providing representative samples or is providing unreliable samples; is required to be decommissioned; or to meet regulatory requirements.NOTE 4: The determination of whether a well is providing a representative water quality sample is not defined in this guide. Examples of when a representative water quality sample may not be collected include the biological or chemical clogging of well screens, a drop in the water level to below the base of the well screen, or complete silting of the screen. These conditions may indicate that a well is not functioning correctly.1.4 This guide is intended to provide information for effective permanent closure of wells so that the physical structure of the well does not provide a means of hydraulic communication between aquifers, with above surfaces or react chemically in a detrimental way with the environment.1.5 The intent of this guide is to provide procedures that when followed result in a reasonable level of confidence in the integrity of the decommissioning activity. However, it may not be practical to verify the integrity of the decommissioning procedure. Currently, methods are not available to substantially determine the integrity of the decommissioning activity.1.6 This guide may also be used for closure or decommissioning of other systems that could allow vertical or horizontal migration of contaminants or other cross-contamination of aquifers, such as dug wells, geothermal loops, or when ordered by regulatory agencies.1.7 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word“ Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.NOTE 5: If state and local regulations are in effect where the decommissioning is to occur, the regulations take precedence over this guide.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice covers the collection of airborne particulate lead during abatement and construction activities. The practice is intended for use in protecting workers from exposures to high concentrations of airborne particulate lead. This practice is not intended for the measurement of ambient lead concentrations in air. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to establish uniformity in terminology used in the field of underwater search, rescue, and recovery.1.2 The terminology is appropriate to those underwater search, rescue, or recovery activities that use self-contained or surface-supplied underwater breathing apparatuses to provide a breathing gas supply for the searcher(s).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The design of this test eliminates any loss of viable organisms through wash off, thus making it possible to produce statistically valid data using many fewer test carriers than needed for methods based on simple MPN estimates.5.2 The stringency in the test is provided by the use of a soil load, the microtopography of the brushed stainless steel carrier surface, and the smaller ratio of test substance to surface area typical for many disinfectant applications. Thus, the test substance being assessed is presented with a reasonable challenge while allowing for efficient recovery of the test organisms from the inoculated carriers. The metal disks in the basic test are also compatible with a wide variety of actives.5.3 The design of the carriers makes it possible to place onto each a precisely measured volume of the test organism (10 μL) as well as the control fluid or test substance (50 μL).5.4 The inoculum is placed at the center of each disk whereas the volumes of the test substance covers nearly the entire disk surface, thus virtually eliminating the risk of any organisms remaining unexposed.5.5 In all tests, other than those against viruses, the addition of 10 mL of an eluent/diluent gives a 1:200 dilution of the test substance immediately at the end of the contact time. While this step in itself may be sufficient to arrest the microbicidal activity of most actives, the test protocol permits the addition of a specific neutralizer to the eluent/diluent, if required. Except for viruses, the membrane filtration step also allows processing of the entire eluate from the test carriers and, therefore, the capture and subsequent detection of even low numbers of viable organisms that may be present. Subsequent rinsing of the membrane filters with saline also reduces the risk of carrying any inhibitory residues over to the recovery medium. Validation of the process of neutralization of the test substance is required by challenge with low numbers of the test organism.5.6 In tests against viruses, addition of 1 mL of buffer at the end of the contact time achieves a 1:20 dilution of the test substance while keeping the volume of the eluate reasonably small to allow for the titration of most or all of the eluate in cell cultures. Confirmation of neutralization of the test substance is required by challenge of a residual disinfection load with low numbers of infective units of the test virus. Since the virus assay system is indirect, an additional step is required to demonstrate that prior exposure of the appropriate cell line to any residual disinfectant or disinfectant/neutralizer mixture does not interfere with the detection of a low level of virus challenge (See Appendix).NOTE 1: In 5.5 and 5.6, volumes of 10 mL and 1 mL are recommended instead of 9.95 mL and 950 μL, respectively, for ease of dispensing the eluent.5.7 The soil load in this test is a mixture of three types of proteins (high molecular weight proteins, low molecular weight peptides, and mucous material) designed to represent body secretions, excretions, or other extraneous substances that microbicidal chemicals may encounter under field conditions. It is suitable for working with all types of test organisms included here. The components of the soil load are readily available and subject to much less variability than animal sera.5.8 If distilled water or other diluent is not to be specified on the product label, the diluent for the test substance is assumed to be tap water. Since the quality of tap water varies considerably both geographically and temporally, this test method incorporates the use of water with a specified and documented level of hardness to prepare use-dilutions of test substance that require dilution in water before use. While water with a hardness of at least 300 ppm as CaCO3 is recommended consult local regulations regarding use of hard water prior to testing.5.9 The Annex contains a list of those organisms that are often used in assessing the microbicidal activities of disinfectants for use on environmental surfaces or medical devices. Culture conditions for each organism are also included in the Annex. Depending on the label claim(s) desired and the requirements of the target regulatory agency, one or more of the organisms listed may be selected for the testing. If organisms other than those listed are to be used (for example, in the dairy or brewing industries), a clear justification must be provided and details of the culture media and growth conditions must be validated and clearly specified in test reports.1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate the ability of test substances to inactivate vegetative bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycobacteria, and bacterial spores (1-7) on disk carriers of brushed stainless steel that represent hard, nonporous environmental surfaces and medical devices. It is also designed to have survivors that can be compared to the mean of no less than three control carriers to determine if the performance standard has been met. For proper statistical evaluation of the results, the number of viable organisms in the test inoculum should be sufficiently high to take into account both the performance standard and the experimental variations in the results.1.2 The test protocol does not include any wiping or rubbing action. It is, therefore, not designed for testing wipes.1.3 This test method should be performed by persons with training in microbiology in facilities designed and equipped for work with infectious agents at the appropriate biosafety level (8).1.4 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practice Regulations (GLPs) are required and to follow them where appropriate (40 CFR, Part 160 for EPA submissions and 21 CFR, Part 58 for FDA submissions).1.5 In this test method, SI units are used for all applications, except for distance in which case inches are used and metric units follow.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A clearance examination of abatement areas and other areas associated with other lead-hazard control activities, or building maintenance or modification activities in single-family detached dwellings, individual units in multifamily dwellings, common areas or exterior sites, and child-occupied facilities is performed to determine that the clearance area is adequately safe for reoccupancy.4.2 It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to assure that all regulatory, contractual and personnel requirements are met prior to conduct of a clearance examination. At a minimum, users of this standard shall be trained in its use and in safe practices for its conduct.NOTE 2: Authorities having jurisdiction may have certification or specific training requirements, or both.4.3 This practice is one of a set of standards developed for lead hazard management activities. The visual assessment procedures required in this practice are found in Practice E2255/E2255M and the record keeping requirements are found in Practice E2239.4.4 Although this practice was primarily developed for dwellings and for other child-occupied facilities, this practice may be also applied to nonresidential buildings and related structures by agreement between the client and the individual conducting the clearance examination.4.5 This practice may be used by owners and property managers, including owner-occupants, and others responsible for maintaining facilities. It may also be used by lead hazard management consultants, construction contractors, labor groups, real estate and financial professionals, insurance organizations, legislators, regulators, and legal professionals.4.6 This practice does not address whether lead-hazard reduction activities or other building modification or maintenance work were performed properly.1.1 This practice covers visual assessment for the presence of deteriorated paint, surface dust, painted debris, and paint chips with environmental sampling of surface dust to determine whether a lead hazard exists at the time of sample collection, following lead-hazard reduction activities, or other building maintenance and modification activities.1.2 This practice addresses clearance examination of single-family detached dwellings (including exterior structures, such as fences), individual units in multifamily dwellings, common areas or exterior sites, and child-occupied facilities.1.3 This practice also addresses clearance examinations that may include soil sampling, for example when soil abatement has been performed.1.4 This practice includes a procedure for determining whether regulatory requirements for lead clearance levels for dust and, where warranted, soil have been met, and consequently, whether a clearance area passes or fails a clearance examination.NOTE 1: This practice is based on that portion of “clearance” described for the United States in 40 CFR Part 745 for abatement, and in 24 CFR Part 35 for lead-hazard reduction activities other than abatement.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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