3.1 This test method is useful in calculating percent air voids as given in Test Method D3203/D3203M. Since specific gravity has no units, it must be converted to density when this type of measurement is required. This conversion is made by multiplying the specific gravity at a given temperature by the density of water at the same temperature.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk specific gravity of specimens of Parafilm-coated, compacted asphalt mixtures.1.2 This method should be used with samples that contain open or interconnecting voids or absorb more than 2.0 % of water by volume, or both.NOTE 1: A method for calculating the percent water absorbed by the specimen on a volume basis is described in Test Method D2726/D2726M.1.3 The bulk specific gravity of the compacted asphalt mixtures may be used in calculating the unit weight of the mixture.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 If the material to be tested includes forming skins, the apparent overall density, or the apparent core density, or both, shall be determined. If the material does not have forming skins, the term overall density is not applicable.4.2 This test method is also applicable to spray foam materials.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions in this method apply.4.4 When density or apparent density is used in reference to a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall be interpreted as follows:4.4.1 density—shall be interpreted as being the apparent overall density if the material is to be used with forming skins intact.4.4.2 density—shall be interpreted as the apparent core density if the forming skins have been, or will be, removed before the material is used.1.1 This test method covers the density of a cellular plastic. Density can be evaluated as the apparent overall density (includes forming skins) or by apparent core density (forming skins removed).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 845.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specification, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and related materials. In addition to the pure liquid chemicals for which expansion functions are known, it may also be used for liquids for which temperature expansion data are not available, or for impure liquid chemicals if certain limitations are observed. Information derived from this test can be used to describe the relationship between weight and volume.1.1 This test method describes a simplified procedure for the measurement of density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals for which accurate temperature expansion functions are known. It is restricted to liquids having vapor pressures not exceeding 79 993 Pascal (0.800 bar, 600 mm Hg (0.789 atm) at the equilibration temperature, and having viscosities not exceeding 15 cSt at 20°C.1.2 Means are provided for reporting results in the following units:Density g/cm3 at 20°CDensity g/mL at 20°CRelative density 20°C/4°CRelative density 15.56°C/15.56°CNOTE 1: This test method is based on the old definition of  1 L = 1.000028 dm3 (1 mL = 1.000028 cm3). In 1964 the General Conference on Weights and Measures withdrew this definition of the litre and declared that the word “litre” was a special name for the cubic decimetre, thus making 1 mL = 1 cm3 exactly.NOTE 2: An alternative method for determining relative density of pure liquid chemicals is Test Method D4052.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8, Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.5.2 Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus of both a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.5.3 Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Density is an important property of a gasket material, since it has an inverse relationship to the void volume of the material. Density is often used in a specification, since relationships to sealability, compressibility, creep relaxation, and tensile strength can be found for a given gasket grade.4.2 Density is a measurement of the mass to the volume ratio and therefore easily determined with a weight scale and thickness measuring device. This test method requires from 1 h to two days of sample conditioning, which is necessary to achieve a high level of precision, but which detracts from its usefulness as a production test method. Where it must be modified for manufacturing control, it is recommended that thickness and weight measurement methods be adhered to strictly.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the density of a gasket material.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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