1.1 This test method covers determination of the microhardness of powder metallurgy (P/M) parts and applications of microhardness test results to methods for determination of the case depth. Technique for measurement of case depth of P/M parts by observation is also outlined. 1.2 Part A: Microhardness Measurement-This procedure covers test methods to determine the microhardness of P/M parts with the Knoop (HK) or the Vickers (HV) indenters. Procedures for surface preparation of the P/M material prior to microhardness measurement are included. 1.3 Part B: Case Depth Measurement-Procedures and methods for determination of both effective case depth and observed case depth for P/M parts are included. The principles of Part A on Microhardness Measurement are utilized to measure case depth. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of water content of soil and rock by the thermalization or slowing of fast neutrons where the neutron source and the thermal neutron detector both remain at the surface.1.2 The water content in mass per unit volume of the material under test is determined by comparing the detection rate of thermalized or slow neutrons with previously established calibration data.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents may be approximate.1.3.1 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two systems of units, that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. This test method has been written using the absolute system for water content (kilograms per cubic metre) in SI units. Conversion to the gravitational system of unit weight in lbf/ft3 may be made by multiplying by 0.06243 or in kN/m3 by multiplying by 9.807. The recording of water content in pound-force per cubic foot should not be regarded as non-conformance with this test method although the use is scientifically incorrect.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The test data obtained with this test method may be used to compare the performance of various tires for the conditions under which they were tested.5.2 This test method is suitable for a variety of quality assurance, research, and development purposes, when tires are to be compared during a single series of tests. The procedure described may not be suitable for regulatory statutes or specification acceptance because the values obtained may not agree, or correlate either in rank order or absolute tread wear performance level, with values obtained on other road surfaces, or on the same surface after additional wear, under other environmental conditions, on other test vehicles, or with results obtained by other test procedures.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to be used to obtain data for determining the changes in tire tread depth over any specified course and test period.1.2 The tire tread depth loss data obtained according to the procedures for this test method may be used to calculate tire tread wear by way of the procedures described in Practice F1016.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This is a general practice intended to give direction in the selection of depth measuring procedures and equipment for use under a wide range of conditions encountered in surface water bodies. Physical conditions at the measuring site, the quality of data required, and the availability of appropriate measuring equipment govern the selection process. A step-by-step procedure for actually obtaining a depth measurement is not discussed. This practice is to be used in conjunction with a practice on positioning techniques and another practice on bathymetric survey procedures to obtain horizontal location and bottom elevations of points on a water body.1.1 This practice guides the user in selection of procedures commonly used to measure depth in water bodies that are as follows:  SectionsProcedure A—Manual Measurement 6 through 11Procedure B—Electronic Sonic-Echo Sounding 12 through 13Procedure C—Electronic Nonacoustic Measurement 14 through 15The text specifies depth measuring terminology, describes measurement of depth by manual and electronic equipment, outlines specific uses of electronic sounders, and describes an electronic procedure for depth measurement other than using sonar.1.2 The references cited and listed at the end of this practice contain information that may help in the design of a high quality measurement program.1.3 The information provided on depth measurement is descriptive in nature and not intended to endorse any particular item of manufactured equipment or procedure.1.4 This practice pertains to depth measurement in quiescent or low-velocity flow. For depth measurement related to stream gauging, see Test Method D3858. For depth measurements related to reservoir surveys, see Guide D4581.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is designed to measure the vertical distance between any two levels on the face of the flooring, that is, between any two flat areas, between a flat area and any part of a textured area, or between two textured areas. This vertical distance may be of interest in itself or it may be applied to the questions of: (1) how much of the thickness of the flooring is available before the pattern is destroyed; or (2) how deep the depressed areas must be before valley printing ink is not walked on in normal traffic.1.1 Two important characteristics involved in the manufacture of resilient flooring relate to the smoothness of the wear surface and the hardness of the layers under the wear surface. The surfaces may vary from completely textured areas to portions that are flat but separated by textured areas. This test method covers flooring with these interrupted wear surfaces which are not supported by soft, cushioned layers.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The Differential Indentation Depth hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information can correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and can be useful in quality control and selection of materials.4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.4.3 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing at a specific location on a part might not represent the physical characteristics of the whole part or end product. Machines that comply with this Standard are used when machines that comply with the regular hardness standards such as Test Methods E10, E18, E92, and E384 cannot be used. Test results obtained with these machines are comparable BUT NOT EQUIVALENT to those obtained with machines that comply with the above mentioned standards.4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the Differential Indentation Depth hardness of metallic materials by the Differential Indentation Depth hardness principle. This standard provides the requirements for Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines and the procedures for performing Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests.1.2 This standard includes additional requirements in annexes:Verification of Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Testing Machines Annex A1Guidelines for Determining the Minimum Thickness of a Test Piece Annex A21.3 This standard includes non-mandatory information in appendixes which relates to the Differential Indentation Depth hardness test.List of ASTM Standards Giving Hardness Numbers Corresponding to Tensile Strength Appendix X1Examples of Procedures for Determining Differential Indentation Depth Hardness Uncertainty Appendix X2Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines Appendix X31.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The measured mean bulk density of a coal stockpile is used with a measurement of the stockpile volume per Test Method D6172. Procedures to determine the quantity of stockpiled coal. This measure of quantity is often used as a reference value for adjusting inventory records.1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the bulk density of coal using instrumentation that measures the relative backscatter of nuclear gamma radiation throughout the depth of the stockpile under test.1.2 This procedure is applicable to all ranks of coal.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. The equipment uses radioactive materials, which may be hazardous to the health of users, unless proper precautions are taken.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Currently methods of infill sampling procedures differ from vendor to vendor and from technical agent to technical agent. Providing a uniform procedure for sampling, which allows for a consistent vertical sample, will allow for more consistent and accurate evaluation/measurement in the laboratory of samples taken in the field.5.2 The Sampling Program and associated Sample Area Site Plan (Map) shall take into account the specific purpose or purposes of the testing and determine appropriate sample areas based on needs and field conditions. A partial list of possible purposes include:5.2.1 General overall field evaluation of the infill material density, overall application rate, total quantities, and infill variation across the field area.5.2.2 Infill component composition and variation/uniformity as it relates to infill material weights and ratios. This can identify inconsistencies in construction techniques and quality control.5.2.3 Infill material evaluation for injury related surface assessment.5.2.4 Infill material end of life and potential reuse assessment.5.2.5 Field area contamination assessment.5.3 Laboratory testing that may be performed on obtained samples include but are not limited to:5.3.1 Test Method C136.5.3.2 Test Method D5644.5.3.3 Test Method F1632.1.1 This test method provides a consistent sampling procedure for obtaining infill samples of synthetic turf infill materials in the field.1.2 Operational considerations include:1.2.1 This method requires that attic stock infill materials or infill materials from areas that are out-of-play be available for refilling holes left by the sampling procedure. Replacement of infill materials shall match the composition of the material removed.1.2.2 Using this method to determine the in-situ weight and density will result in unreliable data due to the inclusion of moisture within the infill materials. Proper laboratory procedure including wet weight, dry weight before separation, and component weight after separation ensure no loss, and reliable data.1.3 Evaluation and analysis of the samples in the field and or laboratory are not covered herein.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is suitable for the calculation of the average macrotexture depth from profile data. The results of this calculation (MPD) have proven to be useful in the prediction of the speed dependence of wet pavement friction.5.2 The MPD can be used to estimate the result of a measurement of macrotexture depth using a volumetric technique according to Test Method E965. The values of MPD and MTD differ due to the finite size of the glass spheres used in the volumetric technique and because the MPD is derived from a two-dimensional profile rather than a three-dimensional surface. Therefore, a transformation equation must be used.NOTE 2: The two concepts are closely related and have strong correlations; these correlations can differ depending on the pavement types used to establish the correlation. Although they are not the same physical characteristic, the MPD measurement technique is intended to replace the manual MTD measurements.5.3 This practice may be used with pavement macrotexture profiles taken on actual road surfaces or from cores or laboratory-prepared samples.5.4 Aggregate size, shape, and distribution are features which are not addressed in this practice. This practice is not meant to provide a complete assessment of texture characteristics. In particular, care should be used when interpreting the result for porous or grooved surfaces.5.5 This practice does not address the problems associated with obtaining a measured profile. Laser or other optical noncontact methods of measuring profiles are usually preferred. However, contact methods using a stylus also can provide accurate profiles if properly performed.1.1 This practice covers the calculation of mean profile depth from a profile of pavement macrotexture.1.2 The mean profile depth has been shown to be useful in predicting the speed constant (gradient) of wet pavement friction.1.3 A linear transformation of the mean profile depth can provide an estimate of the mean texture depth measured according to Test Method E965.NOTE 1: A similar method for measurement and calculation of MPD is presented in ISO 13473-1. The only technical differences are the way spike removal and extreme MSD removal are calculated. Despite these differences, the ASTM and ISO methods will arrive at the same results, with only insignificant differences in normal cases. The ASTM method for spike removal applies calculations which are much more complicated but will result in less correct samples which are adjacent to spikes being removed. The extreme MSD removal in the ASTM method will also be more precise than the ISO method, but at the expense of more complicated calculations. Significant differences will potentially appear only on some uncommon or special textures, such as tined or grooved cement concrete pavements. In the next few years, attempts will be made to coordinate the calculations with a view to make them identical in both standards. The ISO standard includes eight annexes with additional information, for example about uncertainty calculations and how users can check their software against standard texture profiles. A note corresponding to this one will be included in the ISO 13473-1 standard.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of evaluating the effective cleaning depth under furniture.3.2 Results of testing by this test method can be used as a basis for specifications on cleaning under furniture.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the operational ability of the vacuum cleaner, expressed as the access depth for a given furniture clearance above the floor.1.2 This test method can be used in testing household and commercial vacuum cleaners.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The groove (void) depth affects the tire’s ability to develop tractive forces in various operating environments. Groove (void) depth also defines the state of wear of a tire and is used in the determination of the rate of wear.1.1 This test method describes standard procedures for measuring the groove and void depth in passenger car tires.1.2 Any mechanical, optical, or electronic device capable of measuring groove (void) depth can be used, but only the contact methodology is described here. Noncontact methodology is beyond the scope of this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for in-place measurements of wet density and water content of soil and soil-aggregate and the determination of dry density.4.2 The test method is used for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted soil and soil-aggregate mixtures as used in construction and also for research and development. The nondestructive nature allows repetitive measurements at a single test location and statistical analysis of the results.4.3 Density—The fundamental assumptions inherent in the methods are that Compton scattering is the dominant interaction and that the material is homogeneous.4.4 Water Content—The fundamental assumptions inherent in the test method are that the hydrogen ions present in the soil or soil-aggregate are in the form of water as defined by the water content derived from Test Methods D2216, and that the material is homogeneous. (See 5.2)NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring in-place density and moisture of soil and soil-aggregate by use of nuclear equipment (hereafter referred to as “gauge”). The density of the material may be measured by direct transmission, backscatter, or backscatter/air-gap ratio methods. Measurements for water (moisture) content are taken at the surface in backscatter mode regardless of the mode being used for density.1.1.1 For limitations see Section 5 on Interferences.1.2 The total or wet density of soil and soil-aggregate is measured by the attenuation of gamma radiation where, in direct transmission, the source is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm (12 in.) and the detector(s) remains on the surface (some gauges may reverse this orientation); or in backscatter or backscatter/air-gap the source and detector(s) both remain on the surface.1.2.1 The density of the test sample in mass per unit volume is calculated by comparing the detected rate of gamma radiation with previously established calibration data.1.2.2 The dry density of the test sample is obtained by subtracting the water mass per unit volume from the test sample wet density (Section 11). Most gauges display this value directly.1.3 The gauge is calibrated to read the water mass per unit volume of soil or soil-aggregate. When divided by the density of water and then multiplied by 100, the water mass per unit volume is equivalent to the volumetric water content. The water mass per unit volume is determined by the thermalizing or slowing of fast neutrons by hydrogen, a component of water. The neutron source and the thermal neutron detector are both located at the surface of the material being tested. The water content most prevalent in engineering and construction activities is known as the gravimetric water content, w, and is the ratio of the mass of the water in pore spaces to the total mass of solids, expressed as a percentage.1.4 Two alternative procedures are provided.1.4.1 Procedure A describes the direct transmission method in which the probe extends through the base of the gauge into a pre-formed hole to a desired depth. The direct transmission is the preferred method.1.4.2 Procedure B involves the use of a dedicated backscatter gauge or the probe in the backscatter position. This places the gamma and neutron sources and the detectors in the same plane.1.4.3 Mark the test area to allow the placement of the gauge over the test site and to align the probe to the hole.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting the test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected, recorded, and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7 Limitations—This test method is not applicable to clean gravel or clean crushed rock due to excessive surface voids which have the potential to affect gauge measurements.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Sputter crater depth measurements are performed in order to determine a sputter rate (depth/time) for each matrix sputtered during a sputter depth profile or similar in-depth type analyses. From sputter rate values, a linear depth scale can be calculated and displayed for the sputter depth profile.4.2 Data obtained from surface profilometry are useful in monitoring instrumental parameters (for example, raster size, shape, and any irregularities in topography of the sputtered crater) used for depth profiles.1.1 This guide covers the preferred procedure for acquiring and post-processing of sputter crater depth measurements. This guide is limited to stylus-type surface profilometers equipped with a stage, stylus, associated scan and sensing electronics, video system for sample and scan alignment, and computerized system.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods are used to detect surface losses in carbon content due to heating at elevated temperatures, as in hot working or heat treatment.5.2 Results of such tests may be used to qualify material for shipment according to agreed upon guidelines between purchaser and manufacturer, for guidance as to machining allowances, or to assess the influence of processing upon decarburization tendency.5.3 Screening tests are simple, fast, low-cost tests designed to separate non-decarburized samples from those with appreciable decarburization. Based on the results of such tests, the other procedures may be utilized as applicable.5.4 Microscopical tests require a metallographically polished cross section to permit reasonably accurate determination of the depth and nature of the decarburization present. Several methods may be employed for estimation of the depth of decarburization. The statistical accuracy of each varies with the amount of effort expended.5.5 Microindentation hardness methods are employed on polished cross sections and are most suitable for hardened specimens with reasonably uniform microstructures. This procedure can be used to define the depth to a specific minimum hardness or the depth to a uniform hardness.5.6 Chemical analytical methods are limited to specimens with simple, uniform shapes and are based on analysis of incremental turnings or after milling at fixed increments.5.7 Microscopical tests are generally satisfactory for determining the suitability of material for intended use, specification acceptance, manufacturing control, development, or research.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for estimating the depth of decarburization of steels irrespective of the composition, matrix microstructure, or section shape. The following basic procedures may be used:1.1.1 Screening methods.1.1.2 Microscopical methods.1.1.3 Microindentation hardness methods.1.1.4 Chemical analysis methods.1.2 In case of a dispute, the rigorous quantitative or lineal analysis method (see 7.3.5 and 7.3.6) shall be the referee method. These methods can be employed with any cross-sectional shape. The chemical analytical methods generally reveal a greater depth of decarburization than the microscopical methods but are limited to certain simple shapes and by availability of equipment. These techniques are generally reserved for research studies. The microindentation hardness method is suitable for accurate measurements of hardened structures with relatively homogeneous microstructures.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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