This specification covers sinterable nuclear-grade plutonium dioxide powders obtained by the oxalate precipitation route, calcination, or any other equivalent process acceptable to the buyer. Included is plutonium dioxide of various isotopic compositions as normally prepared by in-reactor neutron irradiation of natural or slightly enriched uranium, or recycled plutonium mixed with uranium. The material shall conform to required chemical compositions of plutonium, uranium, americium, impurities (boron, cadmium, carbon, chlorine, chromium, fluorine, iron, gadolinium, nickel, nitride nitrogen, and thorium), equivalent boron, and gamma activity. Materials shall also adhere to physical property requirements as to cleanliness and workmanship, particle size, and surface area.1.1 This specification covers nuclear grade PuO2 powder. It applies to PuO2 of various isotopic compositions as normally prepared by in-reactor neutron irradiation of natural or slightly enriched uranium or by in-reactor neutron irradiation of recycled plutonium mixed with uranium.1.2 There is no discussion of or provision for preventing criticality incidents, nor are health and safety requirements, the avoidance of hazards, or shipping precautions and controls discussed. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all applicable international, national, or federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, shipping, processing, or using source or special nuclear material. For examples in the U.S. Government, relevant documents are Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10 Nuclear Safety Guide, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report TID-70162, and “Handbook of Nuclear Safety”, H. K. Clark, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report, DP-5322.1.3 The PuO2 shall be produced by a qualified process and in accordance with a quality assurance program approved by the user.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is used by titanium dioxide pigment manufacturers and users for process control and product acceptance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the ratio of anatase to rutile in titanium dioxide pigments. The method is also applicable to pigment mixtures and pigmented coatings containing titanium dioxide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers finished pellets composed of sintered uranium-plutonium dioxide for fast reactor fuel. Specimens shall be sampled and tested suitably, and shall conform accordingly to chemical (uranium and plutonium content, impurity content, stoichiometry, moisture, gas content, and americium-241 content), nuclear (isotopic content, and equivalent plutonium at a given date), and physical (dimensions, density, grain size an pore morphology, homogeneity, particle size and distribution, integrity, surface cracks, circumferential chips, pellet ends, cleanliness and workmanship, and identification) requirements.1.1 This specification is for finished sintered (uranium-plutonium) dioxide pellets. It applies to (uranium-plutonium) dioxide pellets containing plutonium additions in the range from 10 to 40 weight % and uranium of any 235U content. The isotopic composition of the plutonium component will be as normally produced by in-reactor neutron irradiation of uranium having less than 5 % 235U or by in-reactor neutron irradiation of recycled plutonium mixed with uranium. 1.2 This specification does not include (1) provisions for preventing criticality accidents or (2) requirements for health and safety. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, processing, shipping, or using source or special nuclear material. Examples of U.S. government documents are Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 50 — Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities; Title 10, Part 71 — Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material; and Title 49, Part 173 — General Requirements for Shipments and Packaging. 1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the technical requirements portion, Section 4, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This test method may be used in quality control laboratories when the repeated analysis of titanium dioxide in similar paints may be required. Reagents and time are kept to a minimum when this test method is used in place of wet chemical analysis such as in Test Methods D1394. However, reproducibility and repeatability are not as good as in Test Methods D1394.1.1 This test method covers the atomic absorption (AA) analysis of titanium dioxide content in pigments recovered from whole paint. It is applicable to quality control situations where the same type of product is repeatedly analyzed.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers sintered uranium dioxide pellets containing 235U for use in nuclear reactors. Chemical requirements include uranium content, impurity content, stoichiometry, and moisture content. Maximum concentration limits are specified for impurity elements such as: aluminum, carbon, calcium+magnesium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, fluorine, hydrogen, iron, nickel, nitrogen, silicon, and thorium. Chemical analyses shall be performed. Nuclear requirements include isotopic content and equivalent boron content. The following are physical characteristics of the material: dimensions, pellet density, grain size and pore morphology, pellet integrity –1.1 This specification is for finished sintered UO2 pellets. It applies to UO2 pellets containing uranium (U) of any 235U concentration for use in nuclear reactors.1.2 This specification recognizes the presence of reprocessed U in the fuel cycle and consequently defines isotopic limits for UO2 pellets made from commercial grade UO2. Such commercial grade UO2 is defined so that, regarding fuel design and manufacture, the product is essentially equivalent to that made from unirradiated U. UO2 falling outside these limits cannot necessarily be regarded as equivalent and may thus need special provisions at the fuel fabrication plant or in the fuel design.1.3 This specification does not include (a) provisions for preventing criticality accidents, (b) requirements for health and safety, (c) avoidance of hazards, or (d) shipping precautions and controls. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, shipping, processing, or using source or special nuclear material. Examples of U.S. Government documents are Code of Federal Regulations (Latest Edition), Title 10, Part 50, Title 10, Part 70, Title 10, Part 71, and Title 49, Part 173.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the technical requirements portion, Section 4, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability or regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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4.1 Calcium sulfate pigments such as titanium-calcium have been used in paints in varying degrees in the past years. As such it is useful to the formulator and the user to be able to monitor the amount of this compound in whole paints.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sulfur dioxide in white pigment separated from solvent-reducible paints.1.2 This test method is not applicable in the presence of sulfides decomposable under the conditions given.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method is used for determination of the carbon content of water from a variety of natural, domestic, and industrial sources. In its most common form, this test method is used to measure organic carbon as a means of monitoring organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. These measurements are also used in monitoring waste treatment processes.5.2 The relationship of TOC to other water quality parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total oxygen demand (TOD) is described in the literature (5).1.1 This test method covers the catalyzed hydroxyl radical oxidation system for the in-stream, online (Guide D5173) or laboratory analysis of total organic carbon, total carbon and total inorganic carbon in drinking water, wastewater, industrial process water, and effluent water. It is applicable to both dissolved and suspended materials. Suspended materials and particulates up to 2 mm in diameter can be analyzed.1.2 This test method allows for determination of TOC ≥ 1 mg/L, TC ≥ 1 mg/L, and TIC ≥ 1 mg/L. The lower and upper working ranges are restricted by instrument-dependent conditions (for example, sample volume, amount of each reactant) and can be adjusted for a wider range.1.3 This test method can be applied for the determination of total carbon (TC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC). Volatile or purgeable organic carbon (VOC, POC) can be determined separately by this test method (see Annex A1).1.4 This test method allows the measurement of organic and inorganic carbon concentration samples, and samples containing dissolved chlorides up to seawater chloride concentrations.1.5 The chemical oxidation process, applied in this test method, takes place at ambient pressure and temperature by using hydroxyl radicals. The advantage of catalytic hydroxyl radical oxidation is that it is free from seawater salinity interference.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9.1.8 ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Carbon dioxide is a respiration product of plants and animals and a decomposition product of organic matter and certain minerals. The atmosphere averages about 0.04 vol % of CO2. Surface waters generally contain less than 10 mg/L, except at local points of abnormal organic or mineral decomposition; however, underground water, particularly deep waters, may contain several hundred mg/L.4.2 When dissolved in water, CO2 contributes significantly to corrosion of water-handling systems. This is particularly troublesome in steam condensate systems. Loss of CO2 from an aqueous system can disturb the carbonate equilibrium and result in calcite encrustation of confining surfaces. Scaling of water heaters is a good example. Because of the delicate balance between corrosion and encrustation tendencies, much care must be given to control of CO2 and related species in water systems. Recarbonation of municipal supplies during final stages of softening and amine neutralization of steam condensate are applied for these purposes.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of total or dissolved carbon dioxide present as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonic acid, bicarbonate ion, and carbonate ion in water:  Range SectionsTest Method A (Gas Sensing Electrode) 2 to 800 mg/L 8 to 15Test Method B (CO2 Evolution, Coulometric Titration) 5 to 800 mg/L 16 to 241.2 Carbon dioxide may also be detected from carbonates present in particulates in samples.1.3 Test Method A is applicable to various natural waters and brines.1.4 Test Method B is applicable to natural waters, brines, and various industrial waters as delineated in 16.4.1.5 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods on waters of untested matrices.1.6 Several test methods were discontinued from this standard in 1988. Refer to Appendix X1 for historical information.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Gold coatings are often specified for the contacts of separable electrical connectors and other devices. Electrodeposits are the form of gold that is most used on contacts, although it is also employed as inlay or clad metal and as weldments on the contact surface. The intrinsic nobility of gold enables it to resist the formation of insulating oxide films that could interfere with reliable contact operation.5.2 Palladium coatings are sometimes specified as alternatives to gold on electrical contacts and similar electrical component surfaces, both as electrodeposits and as inlay or clad metal. This test method is particularly suitable for determining porosity in palladium coatings, since the reactive atmosphere that is used does not attack the palladium if the specified test conditions are followed. In contrast, palladium coatings are attacked by nitric acid (HNO3) and other strong oxidizing agents, so that Test Method B735 cannot be used for determining the porosity in such coatings.5.3 In order for these coatings to function as intended, porosity, cracks, and other defects in the coating that expose base-metal substrates and underplates must be minimal or absent, except in those cases where it is feasible to use the contacts in structures that shield the surface from the environment or where corrosion inhibiting surface treatments for the deposit are employed. The level of porosity in the coating that may be tolerable depends on the severity of the environment to the underplate or substrate, design factors for the contact device like the force with which it is mated, circuit parameters, and the reliability of contact operation that it is necessary to maintain. Also, when present, the location of pores on the surface is important. If the pores are few in number and are outside of the zone of contact of the mating surfaces, their presence can often be tolerated.5.4 Methods for determining pores on a contact surface are most suitable if they enable their precise location and numbers to be determined. Contact surfaces are often curved or irregular in shape, and testing methods should be suitable for them. In addition, the severity of porosity-determining tests may vary from procedures capable of detecting all porosity to procedures that detect only highly porous conditions.5.5 The present test method is capable of detecting virtually all porosity or other defects that could participate in corrosion reactions with the substrate or underplate. The test is rapid, simple, and inexpensive. In addition, it can be used on contacts having complex geometry such as pin-socket contacts (although with deep recesses it is preferred that the contact structures be opened to permit reaction of the sulfur dioxide with the interior significant surfaces).5.6 The relationship of porosity levels revealed by particular tests to contact behavior must be made by the user of these tests through practical experience or by judgment. Thus, absence of porosity in the coating may be a requirement for some applications, while a few pores in the contact zone may be acceptable for others.5.7 This test is considered destructive in that it reveals the presence of porosity by contaminating the surface with corrosion products and by undercutting the coating at pore sites or at the boundaries of the unplated areas. Any parts exposed to this test shall not be placed in service.5.8 This test is intended to be used for quantitative descriptions of porosity (such as number of pores per unit area or per contact) only on coatings that have a pore density sufficiently low that the corrosion sites are well separated and can be readily resolved. As a general guideline this can be achieved for pore densities up to about 100/cm2. Above this value the tests are useful for the qualitative detection and comparisons of porosity.5.9 For these purposes, the measurement area, or significant surface, shall be defined as those portions of the surface that are essential to the serviceability or function of the part, such as its contact properties, or which can be the source of corrosion products or tarnish films that interfere with the function of the part. The significant surfaces shall be indicated on the drawings of the parts, or by the provision of suitably marked samples.1.1 This test method covers equipment and methods for determining the porosity of gold and palladium coatings, particularly electrodeposits and clad metals used on electrical contacts.1.2 This test method is designed to show whether the porosity level is less or greater than some value which by experience is considered by the user to be acceptable for the intended application.1.3 A variety of other porosity testing methods are described in the literature. 2, 3 Other porosity test methods are B735, B741, B798, and B809. An ASTM Guide to the selection of porosity tests for electrodeposits and related metallic coatings is available as Guide B765.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards, see Section 6.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Sulfur oxide gases are produced during the combustion of materials containing sulfur. These gases are precursors of atmospheric sulfuric acid, which has been shown to be injurious to living creatures and plants, as well as some inanimate materials such as metals, limestone and sandstone building materials.5.2 Sulfur dioxide is moderately toxic and strongly phytotoxic to many species. Permissible ambient levels of SO2 have been established by law.5.3 When it is necessary to establish whether ambient air concentrations of sulfuric acid precursors, such as sulfur oxides, are present and to comply with legal criteria, manual and automatic monitoring systems specific for the individual sulfur species are used. Likely locations for monitoring sites for the estimation of concentrations and concentration trends over long periods of time can be screened conveniently using the PbO2 candles or sulfation plates.5.4 Atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials is a function of many weather and atmospheric variables. The effect of specific corrodants, such as SO2, can accelerate the atmospheric corrosion of metals or structures significantly. The PbO2 candle and sulfation plate test methods provide simple techniques to monitor SO2 levels in the atmosphere independently to yield a weighted average result.5.5 The results of these test methods are useful for characterizing atmospheric corrosion test sites regarding the effective average concentrations of SO2 in the atmosphere at these locations.5.6 These test methods are useful for determining microclimatic seasonal and long-term variations in effective average SO2 concentrations.5.7 The results of these test methods may be used in correlations of atmospheric corrosion rates with atmosphere data to determine the sensitivity of the corrosion rate to the SO2 level.5.8 These test methods may also be used with other test methods to characterize the atmosphere at sites at which buildings or other construction are planned in order to determine the extent of protective measures required for the materials of construction.1.1 These test methods describe the evaluation of the total sulfation activity in the atmosphere. Because of its oxidizing power, lead dioxide (PbO2) converts not only sulfur dioxide (SO2), but other compounds, such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide, into sulfate. It fixes sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist present in the atmosphere (see Note 1).1.2 Test Method A describes the use of a PbO2 candle, and Test Method B describes that of a PbO2 sulfation plate.21.3 These test methods provide a weighted average effective SO2 level for a 30-day interval.1.4 The results of these test methods correlate approximately with volumetric SO2 concentrations, although the presence of dew or condensed moisture tends to enhance the capture of SO2 onto the candle or plate.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only and may be approximate.NOTE 1: It has been shown that the rate constant of the chemical reaction between SO2 and PbO2 is independent of the concentration of SO2 up to levels of 1000 ppm(v), if 15 % or less of the PbO2 has been reduced (1).3 15 % of the PbO2 is equivalent to 11 to 12 mg of SO2/cm2 per day.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers finished sintered and ground (uranium-plutonium) dioxide pellets for use in thermal reactors. It applies to uranium-plutonium dioxide pellets containing plutonium additions up to 15 % weight. The diversity of manufacturing methods shall be recognized by which uranium-plutonium dioxide pellets are produced and the many special requirements for chemical and physical characterization that may be imposed by the operating conditions to which the pellets will be subjected in specific reactor systems. The following are different chemical requirements that shall be determined: uranium content, plutonium content, impurity content, stoichiometry, moisture content, gas content, and americium-241 content. Nuclear requirements such as isotopic content, plutonium equivalent at a given date, equivalent boron content, and reactivity shall also be determined. Physical properties of the pellets like dimensions, density, grain size, pore morphology, plutonium-oxide homogeneity, plutonium-oxide particle size, plutonium-oxide particle distribution, integrity, and surface cracks shall be determined as well. The surfaces of finished pellets shall be visually free of loose chips, oil, macroscopic inclusions, and foreign materials. An estimate of the fuel pellet irradiation stability shall be obtained unless adequate allowance for such effects are factored into the fuel rod design. The estimate of the stability shall consist of either conformance to the thermal stability test as specified in the or by adequate correlation of manufacturing process or microstructure to in-reactor behavior, or both.1.1 This specification covers finished sintered and ground (U, Pu)O2 pellets for use in light water reactors. It applies to (U, Pu)O2 pellets containing a plutonium mass fraction up to 15 % (that is, mass of Pu divided by the sum of masses U, Pu, and Am yielding 0.15 or less).1.2 Pellets produced under this specification are available in four grades.1.2.1 Grade R—240Pu / (Pu + Am) isotope mass fraction is at least 19 %.1.2.2 Grade F—240Pu / (Pu + Am) isotope mass fraction is at least 7 % and less than 19 %.1.2.3 Grade N1—240Pu / (Pu + Am) isotope mass fraction is less than 7 %.1.2.4 Grade N2—240Pu /239Pu isotope mass fraction does not exceed 0.10 (10 %).1.3 There is no discussion of or provision for preventing criticality incidents, nor are health and safety requirements, the avoidance of hazards, or shipping precautions and controls discussed. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to be aware of and conform to all applicable international, federal, state, and local regulations pertaining to possessing, processing, shipping, or using source or special nuclear material. Examples of U.S. government documents are Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 50—Domestic Licensing of Production and Utilization Facilities; Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 71—Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material; and Code of Federal Regulations Title 49, Part 173—General Requirements for Shipments and Packaging.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the technical requirements portion, Section 4, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2TR) is an important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however, the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate packaging performance with CO2TR. It is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions and acceptance criteria.1.1 This method covers a procedure for determination of the steady-state rate of transmission of carbon dioxide gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. It provides for the determination of (1) carbon dioxide gas transmission rate (CO2TR), (2) the permeance of the film to carbon dioxide gas (PCO2), and (3) carbon dioxide permeability coefficient (P’CO2) in the case of homogeneous materials.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers uranium oxides, including processed byproducts or scrap material (powder, pellets, or pieces), that are intended for dissolution into uranyl nitrate solution meeting the requirements of Specification C788 prior to conversion into nuclear grade UO2 powder with a 235U content of less than 5 %. This specification defines the impurity and uranium isotope limits for such urania powders that are to be dissolved prior to processing to nuclear grade UO2 as defined in Specification C753.1.2 This specification provides the nuclear industry with a general standard for such uranium oxide powders. It recognizes the diversity of conversion processes and the processes to which such powders are subsequently to be subjected (for instance, by solvent extraction). It is therefore anticipated that it may be necessary to include supplementary specification limits by agreement between the buyer and seller.1.3 The scope of this specification does not comprehensively cover all provisions for preventing criticality accidents, for health and safety, or for shipping. Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to all international, national, state and local regulations for processing, shipping, or any other way of using urania powders (see 2.2 and 2.3).1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Nitrogen dioxide plays an important role in photochemical smog-forming reactions and, in sufficient concentrations, is deleterious to health, agriculture, materials, and visibility.5.2 In combustion processes, significant amounts of nitric oxide (NO) may be produced by combination of atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen; at ambient temperatures NO can be converted to NO2 by oxygen and other atmospheric oxidants. Nitrogen dioxide may also be generated from processes involving nitric acid, nitrates, the use of explosives, and welding.1.1 This test method2 covers the manual determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the atmosphere in the range from 4 to 10 000 μg/m3 (0.002 to 5 ppm(v)) when sampling is conducted in fritted-tip bubblers.1.2 For concentrations of NO2 in excess of 10 mg/m3 (5 ppm(v)), as occur in industrial atmospheres, gas burner stacks, or automotive exhaust, or for samples relatively high in sulfur dioxide content, other methods should be applied. See for example Test Method D1608.1.3 The maximum sampling period is 60 min at a flow rate of 0.4 L/min.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also 7.2.2 for other precautions.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车