4.1 This test method provides a simpler means for the determination of the hydroxyl content of cellulose esters than the preparation and measurement of the carbanilate derivative described in Test Methods D817 and D871.4.2 The hydroxyl content is an important indicator of solubility and reactivity.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the percent hydroxyl on cellulose esters by potentiometric titration. The typical range of percent hydroxyl measured is 0.7 to 10.0 %.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The conventional approach for characterizing VOC emissions from building materials and products (for example, Test Methods D6007 and D8142; Practices D6177, D6330, D6670, D6803, D7143; Guide D5116; and ISO 16000-6 standards) results in modeling VOC emissions in the indoor environment using area-specific emission rates (µg h-1 m-2). These approaches work for most chemicals classified as VOCs, because most VOC emissions are controlled by the internal mass transfer processes (diffusion of the chemical through the material) and most VOCs sorb to minimal extent to chamber walls. Hence, chamber area-specific emission rates can be directly applied to models of indoor environments.5.2 In contrast, chemicals classified as SVOCs will sorb strongly to chamber walls and are controlled by the external mass transfer process (migration through the air boundary layer on the material surface). When used for the equilibrium gas phase concentration of certain SVOCs above source materials, conventional chamber emission characterization approaches are typically time-consuming taking up to several months due to sorption of analytes to chamber walls. Due to SVOC’s external mass transfer limitation, the SVOC area-specific emission rate (µg h-1 m-2) measured in a test chamber can be different from that for the same material in a real indoor environment. To accurately model SVOC concentrations in indoor environments, a mass transfer approach to determine gas phase concentrations in equilibrium with the material phase is needed.5.3 Modeling emissions in a real environment using a mass transfer framework requires knowledge of the convective mass transfer coefficient (hm), the initial SVOC concentration in the material (Co), the diffusion coefficient in the material (D), and the concentration in the air immediately above the material surface (y0). Typically, the convective mass transfer coefficient, hm, and diffusion coefficient, D, can be estimated. The initial concentration in the material (Co) can be determined by means of extraction. EPA Method 8270E and Test Method CPSC-CH-C1001-09.4 can be used to determine bulk concentrations of phthalates in materials. The unknown mass transfer emission parameter required for exposure modeling in full-scale environments is the gas-phase concentration of SVOCs in equilibrium with the material phase (y0). This standard describes procedures for rapidly determining y0 for phthalates from indoor planar polyvinyl chloride materials.5.4 This method may be used to provide manufacturers, builders, and end users with some of the input data (y0) required for models used to evaluating the impact of indoor planar, polyvinyl chloride materials on concentrations of indoor SVOCs as well as for mass transfer exposure models.5.5 This method assumes that an instantaneous equilibrium exists between gas phase and material surface. This assumption has been made for a variety of SVOC mass transfer emission and exposure models (see Little et al. (2), Liang and Xu (1, 3), and Guo (4)). However, this assumption may be invalid under some environmental conditions.1.1 Planar polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) indoor materials can contain semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), such as phthalate esters and other non-phthalate plasticizers, that can emit into indoor air. Phthalate esters and other non-phthalate plasticizers that have been measured using this standard are listed in Table 1 and are referred to as SVOCs in the remainder of this document.1.2 The SVOCs listed in Table 1 are present in a wide range of products and not limited to planar polyvinyl chloride (vinyl) indoor materials. This standard discusses specific planar polyvinyl chloride materials due to method development and associated quality control data produced from testing these materials. The materials inclusion in this standard does not indicate the SVOC source strength of specific polyvinyl chloride planar materials relative to other products.1.3 This method describes the design of a 1 L environmental chamber with minimal exposed chamber walls.1.4 This method measures the steady-state gas phase concentration of SVOCs in the chamber. Samples of products are tested at specified conditions of temperature, airflow rate, and elapsed time in a specially designed chamber with dry air. Air samples are collected periodically using sorbent sampling tubes at the chamber exhausts at controlled flow rates, and then analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS).1.5 This method determines the SVOC convective gas-phase mass transfer coefficient across the material surface, hm, from the known dimethyl phthalate mass transfer coefficient in the chamber (1).21.6 Using the steady-state gas phase concentration and mass transfer coefficient, the method estimates the gas-phase concentration of SVOC in equilibrium with the material phase (y0) at a specified temperature. The obtained y0 data can be used to predict emissions in real indoor environments. However, exposure modeling is beyond the scope of this method. For more information on mass transfer emission and exposure modeling see Little et al. (2), Liang and Xu (1, 3), and Guo (4).1.7 The results for gas phase concentration change in the chamber with time, steady-state gas phase SVOC concentrations (yss), and y0, only represent the conditions specified in the test method and are the result of assumptions built into the method such as instantaneous equilibrium at the source/air interface. The results may not be representative of those collected under other test conditions (that is, temperature or flow rate) or comparable with other SVOC test methods.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Acrylic acid and its esters are normally inhibited with MEHQ only. This procedure presents a rapid and accurate method of determining the MEHQ content of fresh acrylic acid and acrylate esters in the absence of other inhibitors.4.2 MEHQ effectiveness may decline with age and this decline in effectiveness may not be indicated by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of monomethyl ether of hydroquinone2 (MEHQ) in colorless monomeric acrylate esters and acrylic acid. The test method is applicable to the determination of MEHQ in the concentration range from 0 to 1200 parts per million.1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The present and growing international governmental requirements to add fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) to diesel fuel has had the unintended side-effect of leading to potential FAME contamination of jet turbine fuel in multifuel transport facilities such as cargo tankers and pipelines, and industry wide concerns.5.2 Analytical methods have been developed with the capability of measuring down to <5 mg/kg levels of FAME, however these are complex, and require specialized personnel and laboratory facilities. This Rapid Screening method has been developed for use in the supply chain by non specialized personnel to cover the range of 10 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg.1.1 This test method specifies a rapid screening method using flow analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FA-FTIR) spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS-1) processing for the determination of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content of aviation turbine fuel (AVTUR), in the range of 10 mg/kg to 150 mg/kg.NOTE 1: Specifications falling within the scope of this test method are: Specification D1655 and Defence Standard 91-91.NOTE 2: This test method detects all FAME components, with peak IR absorbance at approximately 1749 cm-1 and C8 to C22 molecules, as specified in standards such as Specification D6751 and EN 14214. The accuracy of the method is based on the molecular weight of C16 to C18 FAME species; the presence of other FAME species with different molecular weights could affect the accuracy.NOTE 3: Additives such as antistatic agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors are measured with the FAME by the FTIR spectrometer. However the effects of these additives are removed by the flow analysis processing.NOTE 4: FAME concentrations from 150 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, and below 10 mg/kg can be measured but the precision could be affected.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The determination of group type composition of diesel fuel is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance. Aromatics and polyaromatics, in particular, are related to combustion characteristics, cetane number, energy content, lubricity, water solubility and exhaust emissions.5.1.1 Aromatic hydrocarbon type analysis may be useful for evaluating refinery processes.5.1.2 The ability to determine aromatics content in the presence of FAME may be useful to users of diesel fuel.1.1 This test method covers a standard procedure for the determination of group type totals of aromatic, polyaromatic, and FAME content in diesel fuel using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy detection (GC-VUV).1.1.1 Polyaromatic totals are the result of the summation of diaromatic and tri-plus aromatic group types. Aromatics are the summation of monoaromatic and polyaromatic group types. FAME content is the result of summation of individual fatty acid methyl esters.1.1.2 This test method is applicable for renewable diesel fuels from hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or animal fat, gas to liquid (GTL) diesel, light cycle oil, wide boiling range aromatic solvents and biodiesel blends.1.2 Concentrations of group type totals are determined by percent mass or percent volume. The applicable working ranges are as follows:Total Aromatics %Volume 0.088 to 77.000Total Aromatics %Mass 0.104 to 79.451MonoAromatics %Mass 0.076 to 67.848Diaromatics %Mass 0.027 to 34.812Tri-plus aromatics %Mass 0.45 to 6.77PAH %Mass 0.028 to 41.586FAME %Volume 1.08 to 21.671.3 Diesel fuel containing biodiesel, (FAME, that is, fatty acid methyl esters including soy methyl esters, rapeseed methylesters, tallow methylesters and canola methylesters) can be analyzed by this test method. The FAME component completely elutes from the analytical column independent of feedstock.1.4 Individual hydrocarbon components are not reported by this test method; however, any individual component determinations are included in the appropriate summation of the totals of aromatic, polyaromatic, monoaromatic, diaromatic, tri-plus aromatic, or FAME groups.1.4.1 Individual components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.1.5 This test method may apply to other hydrocarbon streams boiling between heptane (98 °C) and triacontane (450 °C), but has not been extensively tested for such applications.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车