4.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solvent extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from a water matrix. Solvent extraction is used as the initial step in the solvent extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying extractable organic compounds.4.2 Typical detection limits that can be achieved using micro-extraction techniques with gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (GC/MS) range from milligrams per litre (mg/L) to nanograms per litre (ng/L). The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the sample clean-up, injection volume, solvent to sample ratio, solvent concentration methods used, and the determinative technique employed.4.3 Micro-extraction has the advantage of speed, simple extraction devices, and the use of small amounts of sample and solvents.4.3.1 Selectivity can be improved by the choice of solvent (usually hexane or pentane) or mixed solvents, extraction time and temperature, and ionic strength of the solution.4.3.2 Extraction devices can vary from the sample container itself to commercial devices specifically designed for micro-extraction. See 7.1 and 7.2.4.3.3 A list of chlorinated organic compounds that can be determined by this practice includes both high and low boiling compounds or chemicals (see Table 1).(A) Based on the injection of chlorinated compounds in pentane solution, taking into consideration the 100:1 concentration of a water sample by the microextraction technique.1.1 This practice covers standard procedures for extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water using small volumes of solvents.1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater solubility in the organic solvent than the water phase.1.3 Not all of the solvents that can be used in micro extraction are addressed in this practice. The applicability of a solvent to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use.1.4 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for any technique amenable to solvent injection such as gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 91.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 All of these test methods can be used for quantitative determinations of asphalt binder in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples for specification acceptance, service evaluation, control, and research. Each method prescribes the solvent or solvents and any other reagents that can be used in the test method.NOTE 2: Further testing of the asphalt mixture may be performed by using sieve analysis on the extracted aggregate, Test Method D5444, or recovering the extracted asphalt binder from solution by Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906 for asphalt binder property testing. When recovering the asphalt binder for property testing, all mineral matter should be removed from the effluent.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover the quantitative determination of asphalt binder content in asphalt mixtures and pavement samples. Aggregate obtained by these methods may be used for sieve analysis using Test Method D5444. This test is not appropriate for testing asphalt mixtures containing coal tar.1.2 Asphalt binder may be recovered using Test Method D1856, Practice D5404/D5404M, or Practice D7906.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: The results obtained by these test methods may be affected by the age of the material tested, with older samples tending to yield slightly lower asphalt binder content. Best quantitative results are obtained when the test is made on mixtures and pavements shortly after their preparation. It is difficult to remove all the asphalt when some aggregates are used and some chlorides may remain within the mineral matter affecting the measured asphalt content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A knowledge of the sediment content of crude oils and fuel oils is important both to the operation of refining and the buying or selling of these commodities.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in crude oils and fuel oils by extraction with toluene. The precision applies to a range of sediment levels from 0.01 % to 0.40 % mass, although higher levels may be determined.NOTE 1: Precision on recycled oils and crankcase oils is unknown and additional testing is required to determine that precision.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.1.1.6 and 7.1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is for use in the preparation of no more than four wipe samples collected from equally-sized areas in the same space combined to form a composited sample for subsequent determination of lead content.5.2 This practice assumes use of wipes that meet Specification E1792 and should not be used unless the wipes meet Specification E1792.5.3 This practice is capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within paint dust.5.4 This practice may not be capable of preparing samples for determination of lead bound within silica or silicate matrices, or within matrices not soluble in nitric acid.5.5 Adjustment of the nitric acid concentration or acid strength, or both, of the final extract solution may be necessary for compatibility with the instrumental analysis method to be used for lead quantification.5.6 This sample preparation practice has not been validated for use and must be validated by the user prior to using the practice for client samples.NOTE 1: Each combination of wipes (two wipes, three wipes, and four wipes) constitutes a different matrix and must be separately validated.1.1 This practice covers the extraction of lead (Pb) using ultrasonication, heat and nitric acid from a composited sample of up to four individual wipe samples of settled dust collected from equally-sized areas in the same space.1.2 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements of the practice.1.3 This practice should be used by analysts experienced in digestion techniques such as hot blocks. Like all procedures used in an analytical laboratory, this practice needs to be validated for use and shown to produce acceptable results before being applied to client samples.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This provisional test method covers a procedure for the extraction and recovery of asphalt binder from asphalt mixtures-both HMA (hot mix asphalt) and RAP (reclaimed/recycled asphalt pavement)-having a minimal effect on the physical properties of the asphalt binder recovered. It is intended for use when the physical properties of the recovered asphalt are to be determined. It can also be used to determine the quantity of asphalt binder in the HMA or RAP. Recovered aggregate may be used for sieve analysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. Values in parentheses are for informational use.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—Provisional standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. This standard is being developed as a provisional standard because this method of extraction and recovery has been shown to produce more repeatable results than other methods of extraction and recovery that were tested. The subcommittee wishes to approve the method so that additional laboratories may use it to assist with the development of precision and bias statements.

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5.1 The presence and concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as total oil and grease, in domestic and industrial wastewater is of concern to the public because of its deleterious aesthetic effect and its impact on aquatic life.5.2 Regulations and standards have been established that require monitoring of total petroleum hydrocarbons as well as total oil and grease in water and wastewater.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total oil and grease (TOG) that can be extracted from water or wastewater samples by cyclohexane and measured by non-dispersive IR spectroscopy from 1370–1380 cm-1. Treating the extract with Florisil2 to remove polar substances prior to the IR measurement enables determination of the total petroleum (TPH).1.2 This method also considers the volatile fraction of petroleum hydrocarbons which is lost by gravimetric methods that require solvent evaporation prior to weighing, as well as by solventless IR methods that require drying of the employed solid phase material prior to measurement. Similarly, a more complete fraction of extracted petroleum hydrocarbon is accessible by this method as compared to GC methods that use a time window for quantification, as petroleum hydrocarbons eluting outside these windows are also quantified.1.3 This method defines total oil and grease in water as material that can be extracted with cyclohexane and measured by IR absorption in the region of 1370–1380 cm-1 (7.25–7.3 µm). Similarly, total petroleum hydrocarbon in water is defined as material that can be extracted with cyclohexane, remains in the extract after filtration over Florisil and is measured by IR absorption in the region of 1370–1380 cm-1 (7.25–7.3 µm). The concentration of total grease is defined as the difference between the total oil and grease and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations.1.4 This method covers the range of 0.5 to 1000 mg/L for total oil and grease as well as for total petroleum hydrocarbons and has a method detection limit (MDL) of 0.5 mg/L. The range and method detection limit may be extended to higher or lower concentrations by adjusting the water or solvent volume used in the liquid-liquid extraction.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Partial extraction of soils and sediments can provide information on the availability of elements to leeching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.4.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of nitric acid, reduces sample preparation or reaction times.4.3 Little or no acids are lost to boiling or evaporation in the closed digestion vessel so additional portions of acid may not be required. Increased blank corrections from trace impurities in acid are minimized.1.1 This practice covers the digestion of soils and sediments for subsequent determination of acid-extractable concentrations of certain elements by such techniques as atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy.1.1.1 Concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, and zinc can be extracted from the preceding materials. Other elements may be determined using this practice.1.2 The analytical sample is arbitrarily defined as that which passes a 10-mesh (approximately 2 mm openings) screen and is prepared according to Practice D3974.1.3 Actual element quantitation can be accomplished by following the various test methods under other appropriate ASTM standards for element(s) of interest.1.4 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each element is dependent on the atomic absorption or emission spectrophotometric technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used.1.5 Before selecting a digestion technique, the user should consult the appropriate quantitation standard(s) for any special analytical considerations, and Practice D3974 for any special preparatory considerations.1.6 The extent of extraction of elements from soils and sediments by this method is dependent upon the physical and mineralogic characteristics of the prepared sample.1.7 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is a relative measure of the degree of oxidation present in coal. It does not determine the quantitative amount of oxidized coal present. It is only intended to serve as a guide to the supplier, buyer, and user for selecting coals for metallurgical use.NOTE 1: Lower rank bituminous coals are more easily extracted than higher rank coal.1.1 This colorimetric test method describes the determination of the relative degree of oxidation by alkali extraction of coals that are high volatile A bituminous to low volatile bituminous in rank.1.2 This test cannot be sensitive to thermally oxidized coal. It is intended for coals that may be oxidized as a result of weathering.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It is expected that this practice will be suitable to identify and quantify contaminants found in systems, system materials, and components used in systems requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as components for oxygen service. Nonmetallic piece parts such as seals and valve seats can be tested as received. Warning—If parts being tested are to be subsequently installed in an oxygen-enriched system, residual extraction solvent remaining in the part due to inadequate drying may increase the susceptibility of the system to ignition. The extraction solvent shall be thoroughly removed from the parts prior to service.5.2 Processing materials such as gloves and wipers, or samples thereof, to be used in the cleaning operation can be evaluated prior to use to ensure that the proposed cleaning solvent does not extract contaminants that may be deposited as residues on the surface to be cleaned.NOTE 1: Test methods that do not require Soxhlet equipment, such as Test Methods E1560 and E1731, may be suitable alternatives for evaluation of processing materials. Test Method G144 with Practice G136 may be suitable for use when the material to be tested is not degraded by sonication. However, results from this test method cannot be directly compared to results from other test methods. Soxhlet extraction may be more aggressive than other extraction methods.5.3 Wipers or other cleaning supplies can be tested before and after use to determine the amount of contaminant removed from a surface. The type of contaminant removed from the surface may also be determined by qualitative analysis of the extracted NVR using analytical methods such as Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). This procedure can be used to obtain samples for NVR analysis using contaminated control coupons that were subjected to the cleaning process as controls to validate cleaning operations.5.4 The selection of the solvent requires some knowledge of the contaminant (see Practice G93 for recommendations). If a nonvolatile residue (NVR) analysis is to be performed on the molecular contaminant, the boiling point of the solvent shall be significantly lower than that of the contaminant. For other analytical methods, the tester must know the accuracy of the analytical methods, and the solvent shall be chosen so as not to interfere with the selected analytical method. To identify the composition of the NVR, analytical methods such as infrared spectroscopy or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy have been used satisfactorily.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the determination of residual contamination in materials to be used within or in contact with hardware requiring a high level of cleanliness, such as components for oxygen service, by Soxhlet extraction.1.2 This practice may be used for extracting nonvolatile and semivolatile residues from solids such as new and used gloves, new and used wipers, contaminated test specimens or control coupons, small piece parts (metallic or nonmetallic), etc. When used with proposed consumable cleaning materials (wipers, gloves, etc.), this practice may be used to determine the potential of the proposed solvent to extract contaminants (plasticizers, residual detergents, brighteners, etc.) from the cleaning material and deposit them on the surface being cleaned.1.3 This practice is not suitable for the evaluation of particulate contamination.1.4 The values stated in SI units are standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method measures the amount of hexane-soluble lubricant present in all types of leather. Adequate lubrication prevents abrasion of leather fibers during flexing. This lubrication is generally obtained from the fat liquor added at the tannery. Some lubrication is also obtained from natural grease produced during the life of the animal.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative extraction of all types of leather with hexane. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method will provide an indication of the effectiveness of the cleaning system at restoring the appearance of an artificially soiled carpet by wet extraction cleaning. The cleaning effectiveness in the laboratory test may not be the same as in home cleaning due to variations in the homes, carpets, soils, and other factors.4.2 In order to provide a uniform basis for measuring the performance described in 1.1, standardized test carpet, test pad, and test soil are employed in this procedure.1.1 This test method provides only a laboratory test for visually determining the relative carpet cleaning effectiveness of a wet extraction cleaning system when tested under standard conditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to types of upright, canister, and combination wet extraction cleaners and their recommended chemical cleaning formulas intended for cleaning carpets as a primary or secondary function. This test method excludes pre-spray systems or pre-spray treatments.1.3 This test method is not applicable to upholstery cleaning or bare floor cleaning.1.4 This test method applies only to the cleaning of embedded soil from carpet, not the removal of surface litter and debris.1.5 This test method does not directly quantify the amount of soil removed but is visually assessed by employing colorimetric instrumentation.1.6 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be considered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal equipment. Many factors need consideration for applicability to specific circumstances. Refer to Guide C1696 and Practice G31 for additional information.5.2 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important concern for insulation manufacturers, specification writers, designers, contractors, users and operators of the equipment. Some material specifications contain test methods (or reference test methods contained in other material specifications), for use in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel, copper, and aluminum. In some cases these tests are not applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for precision and bias.5.3 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on an un-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions for the aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation contains, collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a combination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environments. If water is not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction resulting in the aqueous corrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmental factors contributing to increased corrosion rates are oxygen, and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).5.4 Chlorides and other corrosive ions are common to many environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protect insulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insulation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are often used to prevent water infiltration and contact with the metal.5.5 This procedure can be used to evaluate all types of thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, commercial, residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating cement) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials, faced or unfaced, for which a filtered extraction solution can be obtained.5.6 This procedure can be used with all metal types for which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless steel, copper, or aluminum. Other metals (copper, aluminum) will need different times, reference solutions and cleaning practices. It shall not be interpreted that the steel procedures work for everything. When procedures are developed for other metals they will be balloted for inclusion in the document.5.7 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements, and binders associated with insulation and insulation products.5.8 Heat treatment of the insulation (as recommended by the manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure temperature) can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.5.9 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test adhesive to a test piece of insulation and then extracting.5.10 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab, drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating cement powder for extraction.5.11 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metal serve as comparative criteria. Solutions containing chloride, sodium hydroxide, various acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, and citric acid), as well as “blank” tests using only de-ionized water and tap water are used.5.12 Research can be done on insulation that has been specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of corrosive ions through modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions can also be added to the insulation extraction solutions to determine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.5.13 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons and compared using various corrosive liquids.5.14 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests and the standard deviation between the test results are used on the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a minimum of three specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16 for additional statistical methods to apply to the corrosion data.1.1 This practice covers procedures for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutions containing ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for use with thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or alternatively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different types and grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteria are Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion of exposed metal coupons after they are cleaned.1.2 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide an accelerated means to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals that can come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is the mass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on general corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed area of the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting and edge effects and the rate changes over time.1.3 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutions to simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to investigate their inhibitory effect.1.4 Prepared laboratory ionic solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration and comparison.21.5 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler feed, and chemical stocks. Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of the practice.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Ultrasonic extraction using dilute nitric acid is a simpler and easier method for extracting lead from environmental samples than are traditional digestion methods that employ hot plate or microwave digestion with concentrated acids (3), (5), (7), (8). Hence, ultrasonic extraction may be used in lieu of the more rigorous strong acid/high temperature digestion methods (for example, see Ref (3) and Test Method E1613), provided that the performance is demonstrated using accepted criteria as delineated in Guide E1775.5.2 In contrast with hot plate or microwave digestion techniques, ultrasonic extraction is field-portable, which allows for on-site sample analysis.1.1 This practice covers an ultrasonic extraction procedure for the extraction of lead from environmental samples of interest in lead abatement and renovation (or related) work, for analytical purposes.1.2 Environmental matrices of concern include dry paint films, settled dusts, soils, and air particulates.1.3 Samples subjected to ultrasonic extraction are prepared for subsequent determination of lead by laboratory analytical methods.1.4 This practice includes, where applicable, descriptions of procedures for sample homogenization and weighing prior to ultrasonic extraction.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Extraction of organic pollutants from wastes can provide information on the susceptibility of compounds to leeching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.5.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of organic solvents, reduces sample extraction times.5.3 Small amounts of solvents (30 mL) are used resulting in reduced sample preparation cost and time.1.1 This practice describes the closed vessel microwave extraction of soils, sediments, sludges, and wastes for subsequent determination of solvent extractable semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds by such techniques as gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.1.1.1 Compounds listed in Tables 1–5 can be extracted from the preceding materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples that will pass through a 10-mesh (approximately 2-mm opening) screen.1.3 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each compound is dependent on the gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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