5.1 Standard reference block sets per 4.1 fabricated in accordance with this practice will exhibit specific area-amplitude and distance amplitude relationships only with an immersion test at 5 MHz using the search unit, test instrument, and test parameters described in this practice. Comparison tests at other frequencies or with uncalibrated instruments will not necessarily give the same relationships shown in this practice. See Ref (1)5 for area-amplitude limitations at other frequencies and transducer diameters. Also see Ref (2) for cautions regarding use of standard blocks for test standardizations.5.2 Reference standards fabricated per 4.2 may utilize the fabrication and verification techniques herein. Due to the variable nature of non-standard blocks, the details should be agreed upon in the ordering documents.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for fabrication and control of metal alloy reference blocks used in ultrasonic examinations that contain flat bottom holes (FBH).1.2 These blocks may be used for checking the performance of ultrasonic examination instrumentation and search units and for standardization and control of ultrasonic examination of metal alloy products.1.3 The reference blocks described are suitable for use with either the direct-contact method or immersion pulse-echo ultrasonic methods.1.4 Standard sets are described for flat surface sound entry; the Basic set, Area-Amplitude set, and Distance Amplitude set.1.5 The requirements for FBH fabrication may be applied to round bar/billet reference standards and reference standards fabricated from other product forms.1.6 This practice does not specify reference reflector sizes or product rejection limits. It does describe fabrication practices and applied tolerances. In all cases of conflict between this practice and customer specifications, the customer specification shall prevail.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This practice has incorporated the requirements of Practice E428 and Guide E1158. Reference standards that were manufactured under Practice E428 and Guide E1158 comply with the requirements of this practice.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This system of dimensions provides a guide for forming thermal insulation in advance of field application. Forming is done by cutting, grinding, milling, or molding, depending upon the method most suitable for the thermal insulation being fabricated. It is equally applicable for all service temperature ranges.1.1 This practice provides tables of dimensions of preformed pipe insulation that shall be used in fabricating insulation covers for use on valves, ells, tees, flanges, and vessels in the pressure range from 150 to 1500 psi (1 to 10 MPa). These tables, which are part of this standard, are published separately as the ASTM Recommended Dimensional Standards for Fabrication of Thermal Insulation Fitting Covers for NPS Piping and Vessel Lagging. In addition, the ADJC0450A tables for Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Insulation Fitting Covers for piping are included in this practice. The tables were developed to provide dimensions for shop fabrication use in forming pipe insulation fitting covers on NPS pipe operating at high temperature and low temperature. The tables also include dimensions for use in forming thermal insulation into curved segments, and lagging, for application on vessels. This practice does not apply to reflective-type insulation, insulation on screwed elbows, Short Radius (SR) and Long Radius (LR) Elbows Fitting Covers for tubing, dutchman (extended leg) insulation fitting covers, double-layered staggered-joint pipe insulation fitting covers, flexible preformed pipe-tube elastomeric foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C534/C534M or polyolefin foam fitting covers in accordance with Specification C1427.1.1.1 Refer to Guide C1710 when referring to insulation materials for fabrication of preformed flexible closed cell insulated 90° elbows, tees, or similar products.1.2 This practice does not specify fabrication methods. Thermal insulation for fitting covers is formed by numerous fabrication methods. In general, insulations are cut by circular or band saws, shaped by grinders or millers, or molded/preformed. Each method has certain advantages and disadvantages, depending upon the material to be formed, number of cuts required, material waste permissible, and quantity of fittings being produced. Fitting parts are assembled using adhesives and fabrication cements applied using dip pots, rollers, doctor blades, brush, or trowel, depending upon the materials being used. Any specification of the fabrication techniques is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. In a few parts of this practice, the values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The dimensional standard tables with fractional inch-pound (I.P.) system provided from the adjunct and in this document’s tables are currently not available in decimal and metric equivalents.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides information, requirements and recommendations for design professionals, fabricators, installers and end-users of FRP chimney liners. FRP is a cost-effective and appropriate material of construction for liners operating at moderate temperatures in a corrosive chemical environment.4.2 This guide provides uniformity and consistency to the design, fabrication, and erection of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) liners for concrete chimneys with coal-fired units. Other fossil fuels will require a thorough review of the operating and service conditions and the impact on material selection.4.3 This guide is limited specifically to FRP liners within a supporting concrete shell and is not applicable to other FRP cylindrical structures.1.1 This guide offers direction and guidance to the user concerning available techniques and methods for design, material selection, fabrication, erection, inspection, confirmatory testing, quality control and assurance.1.2 These minimum guidelines, when properly used and implemented, can help ensure a safe and reliable structure for the industry.1.3 This guide offers minimum requirements for the proper design of a FRP liner once the service conditions relative to thermal, chemical, and erosive environments are defined. Due to the variability in liner height, diameter, and the environment, each liner must be designed and detailed individually.1.4 Selection of the necessary resins and reinforcements, composition of the laminate, and proper testing methods are offered.1.5 Once the material is selected and the liner designed, procedures for proper fabrication of the liner are developed.1.6 Field erection, sequence of construction, proper field-joint preparation, and alignment are reviewed.1.7 Quality control and assurance procedures are developed for the design, fabrication, and erection phases. The quality-assurance program defines the proper authority and responsibility, control of design, material, fabrication and erection, inspection procedures, tolerances, and conformity to standards. The quality-control procedures provide the steps required to implement the quality-assurance program.1.8 Appendix X1 includes research and development subjects to further support recommendations of this guide.1.9 Disclaimer—The reader is cautioned that independent professional judgment must be exercised when data or recommendations set forth in this guide are applied. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of ASTM that this information is suitable for general or particular use, or freedom from infringement of any patent or patents. Anyone making use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. The design of structures is within the scope of expertise of a licensed architect, structural engineer, or other licensed professional for the application of principles to a particular structure.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.10 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  SectionIntroduction and Background   and Objective 1Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 ACI Standard 2.2 NFPA Standard 2.3 ASME Standards 2.4Terminology 3 ASTM Standard General Definitions 3.1 Applicable Definitions 3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard 3.3 Symbols 3.4 4Service and Operating Environments 5 Service Conditions 5.1 Environmental Severity 5.2 Chemical Environment 5.3 Erosion/Abrasion Environment 5.4 Operating Temperature Environment 5.5 Abnormal Environments 5.6 Other Operating and Service Environments 5.7 Static Electricity Build-Up 5.8 Flame Spread 5.9Materials 6 Raw Materials 6.1 Laminate Composition 6.2 Laminate Properties 6.3Design 7 Design 7.1 Assumptions 7.2 Dead Loads 7.3 Wind Loads 7.4 Earthquake Loads 7.5 Thermal Loads 7.6 Circumferential Pressure Loads 7.7 Load Factors 7.8 Resistance Factors 7.9 Loading Combinations 7.10 Allowable Longitudinal Stresses 7.11 Allowable Circumferential Stresses 7.12 Design Limits 7.13 Tolerances 7.14 Deflections 7.15 Critical Deign Considerations and Details 7.16Fabrication 8 Fabrication 8.1 Reponsibility of Fabricator 8.2 Fabrication Facility 8.3 General Construction 8.4 Fabrication Equipment 8.5 Resin Systems 8.6 Reinforcement 8.7 Fabrication Procedures 8.8 Handling and Transportation 8.9 Erection Appurtenances 8.10 Tolerances 8.11Erection of FRP Liners 9 Erection Scheme and Sequence 9.1 Handling and Storage on Site 9.2 Erection Appurtenances 9.3 Field Joints 9.4 Field Joints Lamination Procedure 9.5Quality Assurance and Quality Control 10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 10.1 Quality-Assurance Program 10.2 Quality-Assurance Surveillance 10.3 Inspections 10.4 Submittals 10.5Operation Maintenance and Start-Up Procedures 11 Initial Start-Up 11.1 Operation and Maintenance 11.2Annex   Typical Inspection Checklist Annex A1Appendix   Commentary Appendix X1References  1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, sleeves, and liners are used to unitize products into packages of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.4.2 This practice covers some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents. This practice also provides references to aid in box design for performance and for testing boxes to gauge actual performance.4.3 Use of Other Specifications—Nothing in this practice shall be construed to prohibit the use of boxes of special design or of fiberboard packages identified by package number in the current Uniform Freight Classification and National Motor Freight Classification when in the experience and judgment of the purchaser, the nature of the articles or material to be shipped justifies such boxes or packages. Some commodities may require less protection while other commodities may require better boxes than are specified herein. Containers for explosives and dangerous articles must also comply with regulations for the Transport of Hazardous Materials (CFR Title 49).FIG. 1 Fiberboard Box DimensioningFIG. 2 Box, Fiberboard; Detail of Manufacturer's Joint Construction for Class Weather Resistant and WWVR BoxesFIG. 3 Box, Fiberboard; Details of Manufacturer's Joint TypesFIG. 4 Cover AssemblyFIG. 5 Box, Fiberboard; SL—SleeveFIG. 6 Box, Fiberboard; L—LinerFIG. 7 Box, Fiberboard; RSC—Regular Slotted Box (0201)FIG. 8 Box, Fiberboard; OSC—Overlap Slotted Box (0202)FIG. 9 Box, Fiberboard; FOL—Full Overlap Slotted Box (0203)FIG. 10 Box, Fiberboard; SFF—Special Full Flap Slotted Box (0206)FIG. 11 Box, Fiberboard; CSSC—Center Special Slotted Box (0204) and CSOSC—Center Special Overlap Slotted Box (0205)FIG. 12 Box, Fiberboard; HSCC—Half Slotted Box with Cover (0200)FIG. 13 Box, Fiberboard; DBLCC—Double Cover (0310)FIG. 14 Box, Fiberboard; IC—Interlocking Double Cover (0325)FIG. 15 Box, Fiberboard; FTC—Full Telescope (0301)FIG. 16 Box, Fiberboard; FTHS—Two Piece Full Telescope Half Slotted Box (0320)FIG. 17 Folder, Fiberboard; OPF—One Piece Folder (0401)FIG. 18 Folder, Fiberboard; FPF—Five Panel Folder (0410)FIG. 19 Box, Fiberboard; Rigid Box–Bliss Box (0606)FIG. 20 Folder, Fiberboard; TSC—Tongue and Slot Closure1.1 This practice covers the fabrication of new fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.1.2 This practice points out the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of corrugated and solid fiberboard boxes, liners, and sleeves.1.3 This practice does not directly cover the adequacy of fiberboard containers under all conditions of exposure to atmosphere, handling, shipping, and storage. However, references regarding how to assess the adequacy of container under these conditions are included in the practice.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that will help to ensure that nuclear fuel dissolution facilities are conceived, designed, fabricated, constructed, and installed in an economic and efficient manner. This guide will help facilities meet the intended performance functions, eliminate or minimize the possibility of nuclear criticality and provide for the protection of both the operator personnel and the public at large under normal and abnormal (emergency) operating conditions as well as under credible failure or accident conditions.1.1 It is the intent of this guide to set forth criteria and procedures for the design, fabrication and installation of nuclear fuel dissolution facilities. This guide applies to and encompasses all processing steps or operations beyond the fuel shearing operation (not covered), up to and including the dissolving accountability vessel.1.2 Applicability and Exclusions: 1.2.1 Operations—This guide does not cover the operation of nuclear fuel dissolution facilities. Some operating considerations are noted to the extent that these impact upon or influence design.1.2.1.1 Dissolution Procedures—Fuel compositions, fuel element geometry, and fuel manufacturing methods are subject to continuous change in response to the demands of new reactor designs and requirements. These changes preclude the inclusion of design considerations for dissolvers suitable for the processing of all possible fuel types. This guide will only address equipment associated with dissolution cycles for those fuels that have been used most extensively in reactors as of the time of issue (or revision) of this guide. (See Appendix X1.)1.2.2 Processes—This guide covers the design, fabrication and installation of nuclear fuel dissolution facilities for fuels of the type currently used in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR) and Heavy Water Reactors (HWR) and the fuel dissolution processing technologies discussed herein. However, much of the information and criteria presented may be applicable to the equipment for other dissolution processes such as for enriched uranium-aluminum fuels from typical research reactors, as well as for dissolution processes for some thorium and plutonium-containing fuels and others. The guide does not address equipment design for the dissolution of high burn-up or mixed oxide fuels.1.2.2.1 This guide does not address special dissolution processes that may require substantially different equipment or pose different hazards than those associated with the fuel types noted above. Examples of precluded cases are electrolytic dissolution and sodium-bonded fuels processing. The guide does not address the design and fabrication of continuous dissolvers.1.2.3 Ancillary or auxiliary facilities (for example, steam, cooling water, electrical services) are not covered. Cold chemical feed considerations are addressed briefly.1.2.4 Dissolution Pretreatment—Fuel pretreatment steps incidental to the preparation of spent fuel assemblies for dissolution reprocessing are not covered by this guide. This exclusion applies to thermal treatment steps such as “Voloxidation” to drive off gases prior to dissolution, to mechanical decladding operations or process steps associated with fuel elements disassembly and removal of end fittings, to chopping and shearing operations, and to any other pretreatment operations judged essential to an efficient nuclear fuels dissolution step.1.2.5 Fundamentals—This guide does not address specific chemical, physical or mechanical technology, fluid mechanics, stress analysis or other engineering fundamentals that are also applied in the creation of a safe design for nuclear fuel dissolution facilities.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization equipment, including absorber, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork, and associated equipment intended for use in protective lining applications, that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both. It does not however cover the structural performance of the components and the use of metallic linings. Each of the components shall be designed in such a way that it conforms to the engineering requirements for rigidity wherein the effects of pressure, wind, seismic, and other design loads shall be considered; accessability to welding, grinding, surface preparation, and lining application; shell penetrations; appurtenances inside components such as agitators, anti-swirl baffles, gaging devices, internal piping, ladders, and support brackets; and structural reinforcement members and supports. All internal welds shall be continuous without imperfections and the degree of weld preparation prior to lining shall depend on the type of lining to be applied. Riveted joints and internal bolted joints shall not be used while lap bolted joints shall be avoided whenever possible. Intermittent or spot welding shall not be permitted as well.1.1 This specification covers the design and fabrication of metal components for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment, including absorbers, tanks, chimney liners, ductwork and associated equipment that are to be lined for corrosion or abrasion resistance, or both.1.2 Limitations: 1.2.1 This specification is intended only to define the design considerations for successful application and performance of protective linings for FGD system components.1.2.2 It does not cover structural performance of FGD components.1.2.3 It does not cover use of metallic linings.1.3 This specification represents the minimum requirements for lining work. In cases in which the manufacturer's instructions and recommendations differ from this specification, these differences shall be resolved before fabrication is started.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车