CSA Preface This is the second edition of CAN/CSA-C61000-2-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 2-2: Environment - Compatibility levels for low-frequency conducted disturbances and signalling in public low-voltage power supply systems, which i

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5.1 Introduction—Mu numbers (friction values) measured by CFME can be used as guidelines for evaluating the surface friction deterioration of runway pavements and for identifying appropriate corrective actions required for safe aircraft operations. The original levels were based on the work of the FAA/AS-90-1 (3). The report states that based on friction values from a Mu Meter Mark II using Dunlop tires, and tests conducted by NASA in the 1970s using a Boeing 727, Table 1 of Mu Meter friction level classifications for runway pavement surfaces was established for friction measurements at test speeds of 65 km/hr. Additionally, tests were conducted again with the Mu Meter Mark II outfitted with the Dico tire at 95 km/h. Then a second-order correlation was performed for the Mu Meter operating at 95 km/h and at 65 km/h resulting in the values shown in Table 2. These values were then fixed and used with correlations of other CFMEs to establish the present maintenance levels given in Table 3.2 of FAA Advisory Circular AC/150/5320-12. From the Wallops 1993 data, the IFI values were calculated and the 65 km/hr data in Table 2 was used to calculate the FM60 value for each level. The data for the two speeds for the four CFMEs in the FAA report (3) were used to establish the SMp values for each level. Then a new level, New Grooved, was added based on the differences of grooved and un-grooved sites at the NASA Wallops test facility. Table 3 is a list of these values to be the standard values FM60 and SMp for any future calibration of CFME. 5.2 Airports—Routine testing is carried out in order to obtain data for scheduling remedial work on the runway surface. A single run on either side of the centerline may be regarded as sufficient or a set of runs covering the whole width of the runway may be preferred. At 3 m spacing, the friction map which can be prepared from a set of runs of this kind provides excellent information on rubber buildup and surface polishing. Standard test speeds are typically 65 km/hr or 95 km/hr and standard test water film thickness is typically 1 mm. 1.1 This practice covers the method of calculating frictional values from correlations of continuous friction measurement equipment (CFME), using the Specification E1551 tire, for use in performing airport summer maintenance evaluations. 1.2 The practice is intended to provide a unified friction index of levels for use in harmonizing the output of devices. 1.3 Airport operators use a variety of CFMEs to assess the friction levels of their paved runway surfaces. The measurements are used to determine when the surfaces should be considered for or subjected to maintenance. However, many are built differently and produce different values when measuring the same pavement surfaces. This practice provides a method to harmonize these measurements so that the friction values generated can be used to determine the maintenance requirements as established by the operating authority. 1.4 The practice provides correlations for four maintenance levels of friction: New Design/Construction with grooves, New Design/Construction without grooves, Maintenance Planning, and Minimum Acceptable. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 ASTM International takes no position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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In geotechnical, hydrologic, and waste-management investigations, it is frequently desirable, or required, to obtain information concerning the presence of ground water or other liquids and the depths to the ground-water table or other liquid surface. Such investigations typically include drilling of exploratory boreholes, performing aquifer tests, and possibly completion as a monitoring or observation well. The opportunity exists to record the level of liquid in such boreholes or wells, as the boreholes are being advanced and after their completion.Conceptually, a stabilized borehole liquid level reflects the pressure of ground water or other liquid in the earth material exposed along the sides of the borehole or well. Under suitable conditions, the borehole liquid level and the ground-water, or other liquid, level will be the same, and the former can be used to determine the latter. However, when earth materials are not exposed to a borehole, such as material which is sealed off with casing or drilling mud, the borehole water levels may not accurately reflect the ground-water level. Consequently, the user is cautioned that the liquid level in a borehole does not necessarily bear a relationship to the ground-water level at the site.The user is cautioned that there are many factors which can influence borehole liquid levels and the interpretation of borehole liquid-level measurements. These factors are not described or discussed in this test method. The interpretation and application of borehole liquid-level information should be done by a trained specialist.Installation of piezometers should be considered where complex ground-water conditions prevail or where changes in intergranular stress, other than those associated with fluctuation in water level, have occurred or are anticipated.1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring the level of liquid in a borehole or well and determining the stabilized level of liquid in a borehole.1.2 The test method applies to boreholes (cased or uncased) and monitoring wells (observation wells) that are vertical or sufficiently vertical so a flexible measuring device can be lowered into the hole.1.3 Borehole liquid-level measurements obtained using this test method will not necessarily correspond to the level of the liquid in the vicinity of the borehole unless sufficient time has been allowed for the level to reach equilibrium position.1.4 This test method generally is not applicable for the determination of pore-pressure changes due to changes in stress conditions of the earth material.1.5 This test method is not applicable for the concurrent determination of multiple liquid levels in a borehole.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1. Scope 1.1 This Standard provides a procedure to predict the sound level received at a distance from an industrial plant that is due to sound from the plant. Notes: (1) It is envisaged that this method will be used to predict sound levels (Leq,

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5.1 This test method is utilized for the determination of trace levels of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel. It is assumed that the procedure will be performed by trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and proper waste disposal procedures will be followed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of antimony in carbon and low-alloy steel in the 0.0005 % through 0.010 % range.1.2 If this test method is used to test materials having contents less than 0.001 % antimony, users of different laboratories will experience more than the usual 5 % risk that their results will differ by more than 50 % relative error.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1. Scope 1.1 This Recommended Practice describes a procedure for the prediction of sound pressure levels in a large room containing a number of sound sources. This procedure may be used to compute A-weighted, octave, or fractional octave band sound pr

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1 Scope This part of IEC 61000 is concerned with conducted disturbances in the frequency range from 0 kHz to 9 kHz. It gives numerical compatibility levels for industrial and non-public power distribution systems at nominal voltages up to 35 kV and a n

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1 Scope This technical report recommends the procedures to assess the disturbance levels produced by the emission of the devices, equipment and systems installed in non-public networks in industrial environment as far as the low-frequency conducted dis

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5.1 Acoustical performance is dependent on many factors (see Guide E1374 for a discussion on general office acoustical considerations). One of these factors is the masking sound. The masking spectrum shape and level must conform within specified tolerances throughout the treated area. The measurement and recording of these parameters are addressed in this test method.5.2 The results from this test method are used to determine if the masking sound meets a particular specification.1.1 This test method specifies the procedure used to measure the masking sound in terms of A-weighted and one-third-octave-band sound pressure levels.1.2 The results of this test method can be used to determine if and where the masking sound meets (or does not meet) a particular specification.1.3 This test method does not evaluate the overall acoustical environment. It is intended only to measure and report the masking sound levels.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Limitations have been established on formaldehyde emission levels for wood panel building products made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and permanently installed in homes or used as components in kitchen cabinets and for similar industrial products. This test method is used in conjunction with the test method referenced by HUD Rules and Regulations 24 CFR 3280 for manufactured housing, California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulation 93120, EPA TSCA Title VI 40 CFR Section 770, and by Minnesota Statutes Section 144.495 for housing units and building materials. This test method provides a means of testing small-size samples to determine formaldehyde emission potential.3.2 This test method incorporates a desiccator, with the desiccant removed, having a 250 mm (10 in.) inside diameter and a volume of approximately 10.5 L (641 in.3) with the desiccator lid in place. Conditions controlled in the procedure are as follows:3.2.1 Conditioning of panel products prior to testing,3.2.2 Specified number, size, and edge sealing of wood specimens to be placed in the desiccator,3.2.3 Test desiccator temperature, and3.2.4 Samples from the 25 mL distilled water collection medium in the petri dish bottom are analyzed for formaldehyde at the end of a 2-h period in the closed desiccator.3.3 This test method employs a single set of environmental conditions to assess formaldehyde emission potential from certain wood products. When the relationship between desiccator test values and large-chamber test values are to be determined, the values for the specific wood panel product type shall be plotted. This test method does allow a comparison of formaldehyde levels from different products for the same use.3.3.1 Care must be exercised in the extension of the results to actual formaldehyde emission from products under actual use conditions.1.1 This test method covers a small scale procedure for measuring formaldehyde emission potential from wood products under defined test conditions. The formaldehyde level is determined by collecting air-borne formaldehyde in a small distilled water reservoir within a closed desiccator. The quantity of formaldehyde is determined by a modification of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 3500 chromotropic acid test procedure. Other analytical procedures may be used to determine formaldehyde emission potential provided that such methods give similar results to the chromotropic acid procedure. However, the test results and test report must be properly qualified and the analytical procedure employed must be noted. Procedures based on acetylacetone and pararosaniline have been found to give similar results to chromotropic acid in other test methods used in determining formaldehyde emission potential from wood products (see Test Method E1333).1.2 Wood products typically evaluated by this test method are made with urea-formaldehyde adhesives and include particle-board, hardwood plywood, and medium-density fiberboard. This test method is used for product quality control and is a small bench test method that correlates with the large-scale acceptance test for determining formaldehyde levels from wood products, Test Method E1333. Alternative conditioning intervals may give better correlation, such as seven day conditioning that parallels Test Method E1333. The general desiccator testing procedure may be modified for different conditioning times to accommodate its use in manufacturing quality control. However, the test results must be properly qualified and the conditioning time employed must be noted.NOTE 1: If modifications are made to the conditioning period for quality control purposes, it is important that the modification is consistently applied. Otherwise, the results may not be comparable.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazard statements, see Section 6 and 8.2.5.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving materials or products that emit low levels of heat release. The recommended use for this test method is for materials with a total heat release rate measured of less than 10 MJ over the first 20 min test period, and which do not give peak heat release rates of more than 200 kW/m2 for periods extending more than 10 s. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and (optionally) smoke production. These properties are determined on small size test specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use.5.2 This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario.5.3 This test method is not applicable to end-use products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces.1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides a procedure for measuring the response of materials that emit low levels of heat release when exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external igniter.1.2 This test method differs from Test Method E1354 in that it prescribes a different specific test specimen size, specimen holder, test specimen orientation, a direct connection between the plenum and the top plate of the cone heater assembly to ensure complete collection of all the combustion gases (Fig. 1), and a lower volumetric flow rate for analyses via oxygen consumption calorimetry. It is intended for use on materials and products that contain only small amounts of combustible ingredients or components, such as test specimens that yield a peak heat release of <200 kW/m2 and total heat release of <15 MJ/m2.NOTE 1: PMMA is typically used to check the general operation of a Cone Calorimeter. PMMA should not be used with this standard as the heat release rate is too high.1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of test specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development (an optional measurement) is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.1.4 Test specimens shall be exposed to initial test heat fluxes generated by a conical radiant heater. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The test specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation.1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, and development and research. Examples of material test specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.9 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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