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This specification covers bridge bearings that consist of a spherical rotational element, where a stainless steel convex surface slides against a concave carbon steel plate covered with woven or sheet polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The function of the bearing is to transfer loads and to accommodate any relative movement, including rotation between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both. The requirements of spherical bearings with a standard horizontal load (a maximum of 10 % of vertical) are discussed. The bearings are furnished in three types: fixed spherical bearing which is for rotation only, unidirectional sliding spherical bearing which is for rotation plus movement in one direction, and multi-directional sliding spherical bearing which is for rotation plus movement in all directions. The materials to be used in producing the bearings include: steel, stainless steel (flat sliding surface and convex surface), woven fabric polytetrafluoroethylene, and sheet polytetrafluoroethylene. The following different test methods shall be performed: proof load and rotation tests for fixed and expansion bearings, coefficient of friction test for expansion bearings only, PTFE (woven or sheet) bond test for expansion bearings only, and physical property test of both PTFEs for fixed and expansion bearings.1.1 This specification covers bridge bearings that consist of a spherical rotational element, where a stainless steel convex surface slides against a concave carbon steel plate covered with woven or sheet polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The function of the bearing is to transfer loads and to accommodate any relative movement, including rotation between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both.1.2 This specification covers the requirements of spherical bearings with a standard horizontal load (a maximum of 10 % of vertical).1.3 The requirements stated in this specification are the minima necessary for the manufacture of quality bearing devices. It may be necessary to increase these minimum values due to other design conditions.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This standard practice establishes a method for conducting accelerated laboratory aging of radial passenger or light truck tires, or both, in an oven.5.2 The goal of this practice is to define a scientifically valid protocol for the accelerated laboratory aging of a tire such that certain of its material properties correlate to those of in-service tires (see Appendix X1). This practice does not establish performance limits or tolerances for tire specifications.1.1 This practice describes a method to laboratory age a new tire in an oven to produce changes in certain chemical and physical properties at the belt edges similar to those of tires in-service (see Appendix X1).1.2 This practice is a precursor to conducting an ASTM standard roadwheel test method for laboratory generation of belt separation in radial passenger car and light truck tires.1.3 This practice may not produce representative chemical and physical property changes in any part of the tire except the belt edge.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is particularly suited to control and development work. Data obtained by this test method shall not be used to predict the behavior of plastic materials at elevated temperatures except in applications in which the factors of time, temperature, method of loading, and fiber stress are similar to those specified in this test method. The data are not intended for use in design or predicting endurance at elevated temperatures.5.2 For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Refer to Table 1 in Classification D4000, which lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which an arbitrary deformation occurs when specimens are subjected to an arbitrary set of testing conditions.1.2 This test method applies to molded and sheet materials available in thicknesses of 3 mm (1/8 in.) or greater and which are rigid or semirigid at normal temperature.NOTE 1: Sheet stock less than 3 mm (0.125 in.) but more than 1 mm (0.040 in.) in thickness may be tested by use of a composite sample having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The laminae must be of uniform stress distribution. One type of composite specimen has been prepared by cementing the ends of the laminae together and then smoothing the edges with sandpaper. The direction of loading shall be perpendicular to the edges of the individual laminae.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 Some older machines still use mercury-in-glass thermometers. (Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 3: This standard and ISO 75-1 and ISO 75-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content, and results shall not be compared between the two test methods.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The uniaxial compression test (see Test Method D7012) is used to determine compressive strength of rock specimens. However, it is a time-consuming and expensive test that requires significant specimen preparation and the results may not be available for a long time after the samples are collected. When extensive testing and/or timely information is needed for preliminary and reconnaissance information, alternative tests such as the point load test can be used to reduce the time and cost of compressive strength tests, when used in the field. Such data can be used to make timely and more informed decisions during the exploration phases and more efficient and cost effective selection of samples for more precise and expensive laboratory tests.5.2 The point load strength test is used as an index test for strength classification of rock materials. The test results should not be used for design or analytical purposes.5.3 This test method is performed to determine the point load strength index of rock specimens and, if required, the point load strength anisotropy index.5.4 Rock specimens in the form of either core (the diametral and axial tests), cut blocks (the block test), or irregular lumps (the irregular lump test) are tested by application of concentrated load through a pair of truncated, conical platens. Little or no specimen preparation is needed and can therefore be tested shortly after being obtained and any influence of moisture condition on the test data minimized. However, the results can be highly influenced by how the specimen is treated from the time it is obtained until the time it is tested. Therefore, it may be necessary to handle specimens in accordance with Practice D5079 and to document moisture conditions in some manner in the data collection.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the guidelines, requirements, and procedures for determining the point load strength index of rock. This is an index test and is intended to be used to classify rock strength.1.2 Specimens in the form of rock cores, blocks, or irregular lumps with a test diameter from 30 to 85 mm can be tested by this test method.1.3 This test method can be performed in either the field or laboratory. The test is typically used in the field because the testing machine is portable, little or minimal specimen preparation is required, and specimens can be tested within a short time frame of being collected.1.4 This test method applies to medium strength rock (compressive strength over 15 MPa).1.5 This test method does not cover which type of specimen should be tested or whether anisotropic factors should be considered. The specifics of the point load test program need to be developed prior to testing and possibly even before sampling. Such specifics would be dependent on the intended use of the data, as well as possible budgetary constraints and possible other factors, which are outside the scope of this test method.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design1.7 The values stated in the SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Since the heel is an integral support element of the shoe, the heel-attaching strength is a significant factor in ensuring the wearer's safety, as well as the longevity and serviceability of the shoe.4.2 This test should be performed on each new style shoe and when any changes are made in the design, material or method of shank or heel area of the shoe, or both, or in the attachment of the heel in an existing shoe.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to detach the heel from footwear through the application of longitudinal tensile force at a constant displacement rate. The longitudinal test force simulates the most common heel failure mode. Heel height of 20 mm (13/16 in.) or larger is needed to perform this test method properly. Most women's medium and high heeled footwear meets this requirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the fabrication of wood-cleated shipping boxes with skidded. load-bearing bases designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads under a specified weight limit. Box performance under all atmospheres, handling, shipping, and storage conditions is not discussed here. The boxes are classified into two types according to base material, two classes according to shipment destination, two styles, and two treatments. It is recommended that the boxes be made from recycled materials, lumber, fiberboard, fasteners, and base components that meet the requirements of this specification. Each box side and joint should be assembled according to the recommended procedures.1.1 This specification covers the fabrication of new wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases. Boxes covered by this specification are designed for nonregulated domestic and overseas shipment of loads less than 2500 lb [1134 kg] and not greater than 16 ft [4877 mm] in length (see 9.1). Regulated commodities shipments may require better boxes than those specified herein (see 9.2).1.2 The performance of wood-cleated boxes with skidded, load-bearing bases is dependent on their fabricated components; therefore, a variety of types, styles, and classes reflecting varied performance are specified. This specification, however, does not cover box performance under all atmosphere, handling, shipping and storage conditions.1.3 If the use of other construction methods or techniques are acceptable and permitted (see 5.1.18), the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than would result from the use of these specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle specified in Practice D4169 can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Test Methods E119 and E1529, and other standard fire resistance test methods specify that throughout exposures to fire and the hose stream, a constant superimposed axial load be applied to a load-bearing test specimen to simulate a maximum load condition. These test methods specify that this superimposed load shall be as nearly as practicable the maximum allowable axial design load allowed by design under nationally recognized structural design criteria. For this practice, the nationally recognized structural design criteria is the National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood Construction4.1.1 Alternatively, the standard fire resistance test methods shall be conducted by applying an axial load that is less than the maximum allowable axial design load as addressed by the NDS and this practice, but these tests shall be identified in the test report as being conducted under restricted load conditions.4.1.2 The superimposed axial load, as well as the superimposed axial load as a percentage of the maximum allowable axial design load for the stud and as a percentage of the maximum allowable design load for the plate, shall be calculated using the Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method in the NDS and this practice shall be included in the test report.NOTE 1: The NDS should be used to ensure calculation of the superimposed load is in compliance with all applicable provisions of that document. Appendix X1 describes how to calculate the superimposed load in accordance with the NDS.4.2 This practice describes procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load to be applied in standard fire resistance tests of wood-frame wall assemblies.4.3 Statements in either the fire resistance test method standard or the nationally recognized structural design standard supersede any procedures described by this practice.1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating the superimposed axial load required to be applied to load-bearing wood-frame walls throughout standard fire-resistance and fire and hose-stream tests.1.2 The calculations determine the maximum load allowed by design for wood-frame wall assemblies under nationally recognized structural design criteria.1.3 This practice is only applicable to those wood-frame assemblies for which the nationally recognized structural design criteria are contained in the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS).21.4 The system of units to be used is that of the nationally recognized structural design criteria. For the NDS, the units are inch-pound.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers bridge bearings which consist of a confined elastomeric element encased in steel (pot bearings) when the function of the bearing is to transfer loads or accommodate relative movement including rotation between a bridge superstructure and its supporting structure, or both.1.2 This specification covers the requirements of pot bearings with standard horizontal loads (10 % of vertical).1.3 The requirements stated in this specification are the minimums necessary for the manufacture of quality bearing devices. It may be necessary to increase these minimum values due to design conditions.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use

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5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating acoustic emissions generated by the rapid release of energy from localized sources within an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. The resultant energy releases occur during intentional application of a controlled predetermined load. These energy releases can be monitored and interpreted by qualified individuals.5.2 This test method permits testing of the major components of an aerial personnel device under controlled loading. This test method utilizes objective criteria for evaluation and may be discontinued at any time to investigate a particular area of concern or prevent a fault from continuing to ultimate failure.5.3 This test method provides a means of detecting acoustic emission sources that may be defects or irregularities, or both, affecting the structural integrity or intended use of the aerial personnel device.5.4 Sources of acoustic emission found with this test method shall be evaluated by either more refined acoustic emission test methods or other nondestructive techniques (visual, liquid penetrant, radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, etc.). Other nondestructive tests may be required to locate defects present in aerial personnel devices.5.5 Defective areas found in aerial personnel devices by this test method should be repaired and retested as appropriate. Repair procedure recommendations are outside the scope of this test method.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for non-destructive testing using acoustic emission (AE) testing for aerial personnel devices, which do not have a supplemental load handling attachment.1.1.1 Equipment Covered—This test method covers the following types of vehicle-mounted insulated aerial personnel devices:1.1.1.1 Extensible boom aerial personnel devices,1.1.1.2 Articulating boom aerial personnel devices, and1.1.1.3 Any combination of 1.1.1.1 and 1.1.1.2.1.1.2 Equipment Not Covered—This test method does not cover any of the following equipment:1.1.2.1 Material-handling aerial devices,1.1.2.2 Digger-derricks with platform, and1.1.2.3 Cranes with platform.1.2 The AE test method is used to detect and area-locate emission sources. Verification of emission sources may require the use of other nondestructive test (NDT) methods, such as radiography, ultrasonics, magnetic particle, liquid penetrant, and visual inspection. Warning—This test method requires that external loads be applied to the superstructure of the vehicle under test. During the test, caution must be taken to safeguard personnel and equipment against unexpected failure or instability of the vehicle or components.NOTE 1: This test method is not intended to be a stand alone NDT method for the verification of the structural integrity of an aerial device. Other NDT methods should be used to supplement the results.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method covers the determination of plate deflection resulting from the application of an impulse load. The deflection is measured at the center of the top of the load plate (see Note 1).NOTE 1: If the load plate is in “perfectly uniform” contact with the unbound material under the plate, then deflection of the load plate should be equal to the deflection of the surface of the unbound material under test. However, with typical unbound materials a 100 % uniform contact can seldom be achieved. Accordingly, the test surface shall be as clean and smooth as possible with loose granules and protruding material removed. For gravel surfaces, it is recommended that a thin layer of fine sand be placed over the test point. For fine-grained materials, this will help in obtaining a reasonably uniform contact between the load plate and the surface. See 5.1 in Test Method D1195/D1195M.4.2 Deflections may be either correlated directly to pavement performance or used to determine in-situ material characteristics of the pavement foundation layers. Some uses of the data include quality control and quality assurance of compacted layers, and for structural evaluation of load carrying capacity (see Note 2 and Guide D4695).NOTE 2: The volume of the pavement foundation materials affected by the applied load is a function of the magnitude of the load, plate size and rigidity, loading rate, buffer stiffness, and the stiffness and shear strength of the pavement foundation materials. Therefore, care must be taken when analyzing the results because the data obtained by the Portable Impulse Plate Load Test may be obtained under substantially different conditions than when a heavy moving wheel load passes over the pavement surface after construction is complete.1.1 This test method applies to measuring plate deflections using a Portable Impulse Plate Load Test device. The method covers the measurement of deflection of the load plate rather than the deflection of the surface of the pavement or foundation layers (see Note 1).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The transmission of power in many automotive and industrial applications is accomplished through the use of geared systems. At higher operating speeds it is well known that the lubricant/additive system can be a significant factor in preventing scuffing (adhesive wear) damage to gears. This test method is used to screen the scuffing load capacity of oils used to lubricate spur and helical (parallel axis) gear units.5.2 The test method is limited by the capabilities of the equipment (test rig and gears), and the performance observed may not directly relate to scuffing performance observed with spiral bevel on hypoid gearing. It is also limited to discriminating between oils with mild EP additives or less. Lubricants containing higher levels of additives, that is, those meeting the requirements of API GL4 or GL5, generally exceed the maximum load capacity of the test rig and, therefore, cannot be distinguished for their scuffing capabilities by this test method.1.1 This test method, the Forschungstelle für Záhnräder und Getriebebau (Research Site for Gears and Transmissions) Visual Method, commonly referred to as the FZG Visual Method, is intended to measure the scuffing load capacity of oils used to lubricate hardened steel gears. Scoring, a form of abrasive wear, is also included as a failure criteria in this test method. It is primarily used to assess the resistance to scuffing of mild additive treated oils such as industrial gear oils, transmission fluids, and hydraulic fluids. High EP type oils, for example, those oils meeting the requirements of API GL-4 and GL-5, generally exceed the capacity of the test rig and, therefore, cannot be differentiated with this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see Section 7, Section 8, 9.2, 9.3.1, and Annex A1.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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4.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and production control purposes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static load capacity of treestand seats in terms of a factor of safety relative to the manufacturers rated capacity.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Sealants are generally subjected to stresses in end-use applications. This test method measures the heat resistance of sealants when subjected to dead load shear stresses while under heat.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for determining the heat resistance of sealants. This test method is conducted under dead load in a shear mode. This test method was previously written to include only hot applied sealants.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The subcommittee with jurisdiction of this standard is not aware of any similar or equivalent ISO standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车