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This practice outlines general procedures and precautions for the application of self-adhering modified bitumen waterproofing systems used in new installations.This practice is not all-inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from designers.1.1 This practice covers the minimum installation recommendations for self-adhering modified bitumen sheets used in waterproofing.1.2 For the purpose of this application practice, the substrate is assumed to be structurally sound, sloped to drain, able to accept the weight of the membrane and other system materials, and meets the local building code requirements. Similarly, all components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations, which may be in affect at the time of installation. Additional plies of membrane, expansion joints, insulation and drainage layers are beyond the scope of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 For certain applications when insulating liquid is stressed at high voltage gradients, it is desirable to be able to determine the rate of gas evolution or gas absorption under specified test conditions. At present time correlation of such test results with equipment performance is limited.4.2 In this test method, hydrogen (along with low molecular weight hydrocarbons) is generated by ionic bombardment of some insulating liquid molecules and absorbed by chemical reaction with other insulating liquid molecules. The value reported is the net effect of these two competing reactions. The aromatic molecules or unsaturated portions of molecules present in insulating liquids are largely responsible for the hydrogen-absorbing reactions. Both molecule type, as well as concentration, affects the gassing tendency result. Saturated molecules tend to be gas evolving. The relation between aromaticity and quantity of unsaturates of the insulating liquid and gassing tendency is an indirect one and cannot be used for a quantitative assessment of either in the insulating liquid.4.3 This test method measures the tendency of insulating liquids to absorb or evolve gas under conditions of electrical stress and ionization based on the reaction with hydrogen, the predominant gas in the partial discharge. For the test conditions, the activating gas hydrogen, in contrast to other gases, for example, nitrogen, enhances the discrimination of differences in the absorption-evolution patterns exhibited by the insulating liquids. Insulating liquids shown to have gas-absorbing (H2) characteristics in the test have been used to advantage in reducing equipment failures, particularly cables and capacitors. However, the advantage of such insulating liquids in transformers is not well defined and there has been no quantitative relationship established between the gassing tendency as indicated by this test method and the operating performance of the equipment. This test method is not concerned with bubble evolution, which may arise from physical processes associated with super-saturation of gases in oil or water vapor bubbles evolving from wet insulation.1.1 This test method measures the rate at which gas is evolved or absorbed by insulating liquids when subjected to electrical stress of sufficient intensity to cause ionization in cells having specific geometries.1.2 This test method is not concerned with bubbles arising from supersaturation of the insulating liquid.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions see 5.1.4 and 8.4.

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This specification covers the standards for graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading is related to the average seven-day maximum pavement design temperature, the intermediate pavement design temperature, and the minimum pavement design temperature. The Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binder shall be prepared by adding the Trinidad Lake asphalt modifier to base asphalt produced from the refining of petroleum crude. The base asphalt binder shall be homogenous, and free from water or any deleterious materials.1.1 This specification covers performance-graded Trinidad Lake modified asphalt binders. Grading designations are related to the LTPPBind Online calculated maximum pavement design temperature and the minimum pavement design temperature.NOTE 1: For more information on LTPPBind Online, see https://infopave.fhwa.dot.gov/Tools/LTPPBindOnline accessed July 10, 2023.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D8002-15e1 Standard Test Method for Modified Fouling Index (MFI-0.45) of Water (Withdrawn 2024) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

5.1 This test method is an alternative for the silt density index (SDI) method (Test Method D4189) with the aim to overcome inaccuracies related to a nonlinear relation with the fouling potential due to particulate matter concentration, absence of temperature correction, support pad, and time.5.2 The MFI-0.45 can serve as a useful indication of the quantity of particulate matter.5.3 The MFI-0.45 can be used to determine effectiveness of various processes such as filtration or clarification used to remove particulate matter.5.4 The MFI-0.45 has empirically been correlated with fouling tendency of some water treatment equipment such as reverse osmosis (RO) devices.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modified fouling index (MFI) of water measured at constant pressure. This test can be used to indicate the fouling potential of reverse osmosis/nanofiltration (RO/NF) feed water due particulate matter and is applicable to low and high turbidity waters. Since the size, shape, and nature of particulate matter in water may vary, this test method is not an absolute measurement of the quantity of particulate matter.1.2 This test method is not applicable for reagent-grade water Types I, II, and III of Specification D1193 or effluents from most reverse osmosis and ultra-filtration systems.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method measures the permanent deformation behavior and rutting resistance of an asphalt mixture specimen.5.2 This method can also measure moisture susceptibility of an asphalt mixture specimen if required by the agency.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for testing permanent deformation behavior and rutting resistance of compacted asphalt mixtures using a modified version of a loaded wheel tracker device2 utilizing controlled confining pressure. The test specimen is tested either dry or moisture conditioned. A laboratory roller compactor or its equivalent is used to prepare test slabs of 305 mm by 305 mm [12 in. by 12 in.] and thickness 50 mm, 75 mm, or 100 mm [2 in., 3 in., or 4 in.] depending on the nominal maximum aggregate size. The thickness of the specimen must be at least two and half times the nominal maximum aggregate size. Alternatively, saw-cut slab specimens with dimensions 305 mm by 305 mm [12 in. by 12 in.] and thickness 50 mm to 100 mm [2 in. to 4 in.] may be secured from the field.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 Since a precision estimate for this standard has not been fully developed, the test method is to be used for research and informational purposes only. Therefore, this standard should not be used for acceptance or rejection of a material for purchasing purposes.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides general procedures, information, guidelines, and precautions for the application of heat welded modified bituminous waterproofing systems used as part of a horizontal waterproofing system.4.2 This guide is not all-inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from designers and system manufacturers.4.3 The horizontal deck or substrate referred to in this guide is reinforced cast-in-place structural concrete.1.1 This guide presents application recommendations for the heat welding installation of multi-ply Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) and Atactic Polypropylene (APP) modified bituminous systems to new, reinforced, cast-in-place structural concrete used as part of a horizontal waterproofing system over occupied spaces of buildings where covered by a separate wearing course.1.2 For the purpose of this guide, the substrate shall be structurally sound, sloped to drain, able to accept the weight of the membrane and other system materials, and meet the local building code requirements. Similarly, all components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations that may be in effect at the time of installation. Expansion joints, insulation, drainage layers, filter sheets, overburden, and the wearing surfaces are beyond the scope of this guide.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods are used to evaluate the properties of self-adhesive modified bituminous membranes. The results determine compliance with the applicable specifications, or they can be used for comparative analysis.3.2 The test methods apply to “as manufactured” material and may not apply to material that has been weathered or is past the manufacturer’s recommended shelf life.1.1 These test methods cover test procedures for prefabricated, reinforced, self-adhesive (SA) polymer-modified bituminous sheet materials designed for single- or multiple-ply application in roofing and waterproofing membranes.1.2 These test methods specifically address the self-adhesive characteristics of modified bituminous sheet materials, and are intended as a supplement to those found in Test Methods D5147/D5147M.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AS 1885/C-1976 Register of work injuries (modified) 被代替 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the silicon content of silicone polymers and silicone modified alkyds when present in the nonvolatile portion of polymers, resins, or liquid coatings to the extent of 1% or more. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Uranium material is used as a fuel in certain types of nuclear reactors. To be suitable for use as nuclear fuel, the starting material shall meet certain specifications such as those described in Specifications C753, C776, C787, C833, C967, C996, and C1008, or as specified by the purchaser. The isotope amount ratios of uranium material can be measured by mass spectrometry following this test method to ensure that they meet the specification.5.2 The MTE method can be used for a wide range of sample sizes even in samples containing as low as 20 µg of uranium. If the uranium sample is in the form of uranium hexafluoride, it has to be converted into a uranium nitrate solution for measurement by the MTE method. The concentration of the loading solution for MTE has to be in the range of 1 mg/g to 6 mg/g to allow a sample loading of 2 µg to 6 µg of uranium. A minimum loading of 3 µg uranium per filament is strongly recommended. This is needed to have a sufficient and stable ion signal especially for the two minor isotopes (234U and 236U) thus enabling the internal calibration of SEM versus the Faraday cups using the 234U ion beam signal during the measurement.5.3 Until now, the instrument capabilities for the MTE method have only been implemented on the TRITON™ TIMS instrument.5 Therefore, all recommendations for measurement parameters in this test method are specified for the TRITON instrument. The manufacturers of other TIMS instruments (for example, IsotopX and Nu Instruments) have indicated plans to implement the modifications needed in their instruments to use the MTE method.5.4 The MTE method described here can also be extended to measurement of elements other than uranium. Note that the MTE method has already been implemented for plutonium and calcium.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the isotope amount ratios of uranium material as nitrate solutions by the modified total evaporation (MTE) method using a thermal ionization mass spectrometer (TIMS) instrument.1.2 The analytical performance in the determination of the 235U/238U major isotope amount ratio by MTE is similar to the (“classical”) total evaporation (TE) method as described in C1672. However, in the MTE method, the evaporation process is interrupted on a regular basis to allow measurements and subsequent corrections for background from peak tailing, perform internal calibration of a secondary electron multiplier (SEM) detector versus the Faraday cups, peak centering, and ion source refocusing. Performing these calibrations and corrections on a regular basis during the measurement, improves precision, and significantly reduces uncertainties for the minor isotope amount ratios 234U/238U and 236U/238U as compared to the TE method.1.3 In principle, the MTE method may yield major isotope amount ratios without the need for mass fractionation correction. However, depending on the measurement conditions, small variations are observed between sample turrets. Therefore, a small correction based on measurements of a certified reference material is recommended to improve consistency. The uncertainty around the mass fractionation correction factor usually includes unity.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylenebutylene-styrene)-modified mopping asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roofing systems. This specification is intended as a material specification and issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope. The specified tests and property values are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The base asphalt shall be prepared from crude petroleum and the SEBS-modified asphalt shall incorporate sufficient SEBS as the primary polymeric modifier. The SEBS modified asphalt shall be homogeneous and free of water and shall conform to the prescribed physical properties including (1) softening point before and after heat exposure, (2) softening point change, (3) flash point, (4) penetration before and after heat exposure, (5) penetration change, (6) solubility in trichloroethylene, (7) tensile elongation, (8) elastic recovery, and (9) low temperature flexibility. The sampling and test methods to determine compliance with the specified physical properties, as well as the evaluation for stability during heat exposure are detailed.1.1 This specification covers SEBS (styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene)-modified asphalt intended for use in built-up roof construction, construction of some modified bitumen systems, construction of bituminous vapor retarder systems, and for adhering insulation boards used in various types of roof systems.1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond its scope.1.3 The specified tests and property values used to characterize SEBS-modified asphalt are intended to establish minimum properties. In place system design criteria or performance attributes are factors beyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. The asphalt cement used to prepare the chemically modified asphalt cement shall be prepared by the refining of crude petroleum by suitable methods. Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the cement: penetration, viscosity, flash point using Cleveland open cup, solubility in trichloroethylene, softening point, residue from thin-film oven test.1.1 This specification covers asphalt cements that have been modified by the addition of a chemical gellant. It was developed to provide a reference for specifying chemically modified asphalt cement and reflects the properties of currently available commercial products. The tests are intended to measure degree of modification, not performance characteristics. This is not intended to be a performance-based specification.1.2 Chemically modified asphalt cements are normally produced by addition of a chemical stabilizer. However, any asphalt modifier may be used that will give the required test results when blended with the desired asphalt.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Structural design based on strength of materials principles or the theory of elasticity requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the structural components, including adhesives. By the nature of their use, the most important adhesive properties are shear modulus and shear strength. A torsion test, such as described in Test Method E229, is theoretically the most accurate method for measuring adhesive shear properties. It is, however, impractical in many situations. For example, certain materials of construction are not readily adaptable to fabricating the thin-walled cylinders used as adherends in the torsion test. The modified-rail test does not have this disadvantage.5.2 Two undesirable conditions occur in the modified-rail test specimens that do not occur in butt-joined cylinders; nonuniform shear-stress distribution along the joint, and the addition of some undefined combination of tension and compression stresses to the shear stress at a given location in the joint. The modified-rail shear tool minimizes but does not eliminate these undesirable effects.5.3 Shear modulus, strength, and other properties are measured by the modified-rail method.1.1 This test method describes equipment and procedures to measure the shear modulus and shear strength of adhesive layers between rigid adherends. The equipment may also be used for determining the adhesive’s shear creep compliance, the effects of strain history such as cyclic loading upon shear properties, and a failure criteria for biaxial stress conditions such as shear plus tension and shear plus compression.21.2 High-density wood shall be the preferred substrate. The practical upper limit on the shear modulus that can be measured is determined by the shear modulus of the adherends and by the strain measuring device. Thus, the practical limit of adhesive shear modulus that can be measured using high-density wood adherends is about 690 MPa (1 × 105 psi).NOTE 1: Wood-base composites, metal, plastic, reinforced plastics, and other common construction materials may also be used for adherends.1.3 The range of specimen dimensions that can be tested are: width 1.59 to 12.70 mm (0.0625 to 0.500 in.), length 102 to 203 mm (4 to 8 in.), and adherend thickness 13 to 25 mm (0.50 to 1.00 in.). The standard specimen dimensions shall be: width 3.18 mm (0.125 in.), length 203 mm (8 in.), and adherend thickness 19 mm (0.75 in.). Bondline thicknesses from 0.15 to 3.18 mm (0.006 to 0.125 in.) may be tested.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers bare modified concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from round copper wires, either uncoated or coated with tin, lead, or lead alloy for general use in insulated electrical cables. These conductors shall be constructed with a central core consisting of not more than seven wires, surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid wires. For the purposes of this specification, conductors are classified as Class B modified, class C modified, and Class D modified. The conductors shall meet the prescribed construction requirements such as number of wires and diameter. Welds and brazes may be made in rods or in wires prior to final drawing. Welds and brazes may be made in the finished individual wires composing the conductor, but shall not be closer together than prescribed distance. Tests for the electrical properties of wires composing conductors made from soft or annealed copper wire, bare or coated, shall be made before stranding. Tests for the physical properties of these materials may be made upon the wires before stranding or upon wires removed from the complete stranded conductor.1.1 This specification covers bare modified concentric-lay-stranded conductors made from round copper wires, either uncoated or coated with tin, lead, or lead alloy for general use in insulated electrical cables. These conductors shall be constructed with a central core consisting of not more than seven wires, surrounded by one or more layers of helically laid wires.1.2 For the purposes of this specification, conductors are classified as follows (Explanatory Note 1 and Note 2):1.2.1 Class B Modified—Conductors to be insulated with various materials such as rubber, paper, and crosslink polyethylene.1.2.2 Class C Modified and Class D Modified—Conductors where greater flexibility is required than is provided by Class B Modified conductors.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining the values from the two systems may result in non- conformance with the specification. For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil sizes, the requirements in SI units are numerically converted from the corresponding requirements in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by AWG or kcmil, the requirements in SI units have been numerically converted from corresponding values stated or derived in inch-pound units. For conductor sizes designated by SI units only, the requirements are stated or derived in SI units.1.3.1 For density, resistivity and temperature, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.NOTE 1: The significant differences in this specification from Specification B8 are as follows: (1) The central core is permitted to contain up to seven wires drawn into the assembly with an infinite length of lay while Specification B8 permits only one, and (2) The construction is applicable only to stranded assemblies of 19 or more wires.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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