This part of ISO/IEC 18028 provides guidance for securely using remote access # a method to remotely connect a computer either to another computer or to a network using public networks and its implication for IT security.

定价： 1274元 / 折扣价： 1083 元

This part of ISO/IEC 18028 provides detailed direction with respect to the security aspects of using Virtual Private Network (VPN) connections to inter-connect networks, and also to connect remote users to networks.

定价： 910元 / 折扣价： 774 元

Competent information management is essential for safe and productive operation and regulatory compliance. A short list of the functions affected includes decision aids for navigation, communications, ship handling, machinery control, cargo operations, maintenance and repair, personnel records, and environmental protection.The shipbuilding and shipping industries have identified a need to develop comprehensive standards and guides for implementing computer-based shipboard data management systems.The FMS may include single or multiple SITPs and single or multiple LITPs and provides the means to integrate shipboard and shoreside computer systems with multivendor connectivity, distributed processing, and electronic data interchange between noncompatible networks, computers, workstations, and peripherals and maintain databases, which promote safety of life at sea, protection of the environment, and operational efficiencies throughout the life cycle of the vessel/fleet. The FMS may incorporate satellite gateways to coastal communication hubs providing access to land-based networks, such as telephone lines, facsimile, e-mail, and expanded satellite services through land earth stations.The SITP can be configured to provide the ship’control center with access to local control centers, such as for cargo operations, which may be located on the main deck.This guide has provisions relevant to all components of the FMS platform including the ship earth station, interface devices for subsystems and administrative systems connected to or forming part of the network, communication services, and certain land-based facilities under the direct control of the ship’management.It is the intent of this guide to provide guidelines for the design and implementation of open client/server architecture for computer and communication networks for shipboard and shore-based applications.This guide is intended to assist vessel owners, designers, shipyards, equipment suppliers, and computer service providers in the development of contract technical specifications, which detail the services to be supported, performance required, and criteria for acceptance for specific FMS installations.1.1 This guide provides an overview and guide for the selection and implementation by shipowners and operators of a Fleet Management System (FMS) network of computer services in a client/server architecture (see Fig. 1). The FMS is based upon a wide area enterprise network consisting of an unspecified number of Shipboard Information Technology Platforms (SITPs) and one or more shoreside Land-Based Information Technology Platforms (LITPs), which provides management services for the shipping enterprise. The FMS can be understood as a computer system comprised of one or more LITPs and one or more SITPs. It can be characterized as mission critical 24 × 365 (24 h/day, 365 days/year).1.2 The SITP (see Fig. 1) provides a set of software services, including:1.2.1 Communications Services, to communicate between vessels and with shore via multiple wireless communication technologies;1.2.2 Data Acquisition Services, providing access to shipboard system data as required for use by other systems and management purposes; and,1.2.3 Executive Services, providing software process administration and control.1.2.4 In total, the SITP provides the capability for multiple shipboard computer systems to share data with each other and to communicate with shore-based management or other vessels or both.1.3 The SITP is understood to consist of integrated hardware, software, a data repository, and standardized procedures, which provide the ability to send, receive, process, transfer, and store data or messages in digital form in a common mode from shipboard systems or administrative utilities or both, and from designated sources outside the network, for example, systems accessed through wireless communication services, such as satellite, VHF, HF, and so forth. Shipboard systems include navigational, machinery control and monitoring, cargo control, communications, and so forth. The SITP also will provide the capability for the remote administration and maintenance of associated computer systems aboard the vessel.1.4 The SITP requires an underlying hardware and network infrastructure, including a shipboard computer local area network (LAN), file servers, workstations, wireless communications transceivers, cabling, other electronic and optical devices, video display units, keyboards, and so forth.1.5 The SITP also requires underlying system software providing network operating system (NOS) services, DBMS services, and other system software.1.6 There also is a layer of shipboard application systems, which are designed to capitalize on the FMS infrastructure to share data with other shipboard systems and management ashore. Those systems also would be able to capitalize on the remote management capabilities of the FMS.1.7 The LITP is an asset that can exchange operating and administrative data from individual ships and maintain a DBMS to support fleet management and other maritime applications. The LITP will support data repositories, file servers, workstations or personal computers (PCs), and a communication hub providing connectivity to distributed satellite services, VHF (very high frequency), HF/MF (high frequency/medium frequency), and land lines. The DBMS makes possible the development of knowledge-based “decision aids” by providing the ability to retrieve, process, and analyze operational data.1.8 This guide does not purport to address all the requirements for a SITP, which forms a path for data for direct control of the operation or condition of the vessel or the vessel subsystems.1.9 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units of navigation equipment resident on the Navigation Equipment Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS.1.10 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident on the Control, Monitoring, and Alarm Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS.1.11 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident on the Communications Bus to operate and display essential operating data independently of the FMS.1.12 Values shown in this guide are in SI units.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide provides network level PMS users with an outline of the basic components of a PMS to ensure the specific system the user selects or develops fulfills the agency needs and requirements.4.2 This guide may be used by agencies or organizations wishing to develop, evaluate, or refine a network level PMS.4.3 The basic components of the PMS described in this guide are location reference, information collection, database management, analysis, implementation, operation, and maintenance.4.4 Within each basic component a list of possible types of data, information, models, etc. are provided for consideration by the user agency. These lists are neither all inclusive nor exclusive. They are intended for guidance only.1.1 This guide outlines the basic components of a network level pavement management system (PMS).1.2 This guide is intended for use in the management of traveled pavement surfaces, including roads, airfields, and parking lots.1.3 This guide is not a standard method or practice, that is, it is not intended to provide a comprehensive PMS in a user specific application.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is one of several available for determining vertical anisotropy ratio. Among other available methods are Weeks ((5); see Practice D5473/D5473M), that relies on distance-drawdown data, and Way and McKee (6), that utilizes time-drawdown data. An important restriction of the Weeks distance-drawdown method is that the observation wells need to have identical construction (screened intervals) and two or more of the observation wells need to be located at a distance from the pumped well beyond the effects of partial penetration. The procedure described in this practice general distance-drawdown method, in that it works in theory for most observation well configurations incorporating three or more wells, provided some of the wells are within the zone where flow is affected by partial penetration.5.2 Assumptions: 5.2.1 Control well discharges at a constant rate, Q.5.2.2 Control well is of infinitesimal diameter and partially penetrates the aquifer.5.2.3 Data are obtained from a number of partially penetrating observation wells, some screened at elevations similar to that in the pumped well and some screened at different elevations.5.2.4 The aquifer is confined, homogeneous and areally extensive. The aquifer may be anisotropic, and, if so, the directions of maximum and minimum hydraulic conductivity are horizontal and vertical, respectively.5.2.5 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.5.3 Calculation Requirements—Application of this method is computationally intensive. The function, fs, shown in (Eq 4) should be evaluated numerous times using arbitrary input parameters. It is not practical to use existing, somewhat limited, tables of values for fs and, because this equation is rather formidable, it may not be easily tractable by hand. Because of this, it is assumed the practitioner using this will have available a computerized procedure for evaluating the function fs. This can be accomplished using commercially available mathematical software including some spreadsheet applications, or by writing programs. (7)NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.NOTE 3: Most fractured (unconfined) aquifers, even noncarbonates, will have some form of convergent flow to master fissures or channels (Worthington et al., 2016). A relationship is known to occur in carbonates where potentiometric troughs correspond with sub-surface conduits or channels (Quinlan and Ewers, 1989).NOTE 4: Commercially available software is available for the calculating, graphing, plotting, and analyses of this practice. The user should verify the correctness of the formulas, graphs, plots and analyses of the software.1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining the transmissivity, storage coefficient, and ratio of vertical to horizontal hydraulic conductivity of a confined aquifer using observation well drawdown measurements from a constant-rate pumping test. This practice uses data from a minimum of four partially penetrating, recommended to be positioned observation wells around a partially penetrating control well.1.2 The analytical procedure is used in conjunction with the field procedure in Test Method D4050.1.3 Limitations—The limitations of the technique for determination of the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of aquifers are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumption of this practice.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are mathematical conversions, which are provided for information purposes only and are not considered standard. The reporting of results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.6 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objective; and it is common practice to increase or reduce the significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis method or engineering design.1.7 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 This standard does not purport to addre