4.1 A number of factors such as the condition of the entry and back surfaces of the plate, the inclination of the ultrasonic beam with respect to the entry surface, and the performance characteristics of the test system may cause either a reduction of isolated indications or a substantial loss of back reflection and thereby could seriously impair the reliability of the test procedure outlined in this standard.4.2 Accurate evaluations of discontinuity size also may be limited significantly by variations in beam characteristics which exist in most search units. For this reason, discontinuity size as determined by the test procedure outlined in this method is regarded as “apparent” or “estimated” in recognition of the limited quantitative value of the measurement.4.3 Because a large number of interacting variables in a test system can adversely influence the results of an ultrasonic test, the actual quantitative effects of detected discontinuities upon the mechanical properties of the inspected plate are difficult to establish. Consequently, this ultrasonic inspection method is not applicable as an exclusive indicator of the ultimate quality and performance of pressure vessels but provides a reliable control of plate quality to avoid failure during the forming process for fabrication of vessels.1.1 This test method covers pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection of aluminum-alloy plate of thickness equal to or greater than 0.500 in. (12.7 mm) for use in the fabrication of pressure vessels. The ultrasonic test is employed to detect gross internal discontinuities oriented in a direction parallel to the rolled surface such as cracks, ruptures, and laminations, and to provide assurance that only plate that is free from rejectable discontinuities is accepted for delivery.1.2 The inspection method and acceptance criteria included in this standard shall be limited to plate of the following aluminum alloys: 1060, 1100, 3003, Alclad 3003, 3004, Alclad 3004, 5050, 5052, 5083, 5086, 5154, 5254, 5454, 5456, 5652, 6061, and Alclad 6061.1.3 This test method applies only to ultrasonic tests using pulsed longitudinal waves which are transmitted and received by a search unit containing either a single crystal or a combination of electrically interconnected multiple crystals. Ultrasonic tests employing either the through-transmission or the angle-beam techniques are not included.1.4 This test method shall be used when ultrasonic inspection as prescribed herein is required by the contract, purchase order, or referenced plate specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers chromium, chromium-nickel, and chromium-manganese-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications. The steel shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition specified. The material shall conform to the mechanical properties specified.1.1 This specification2 covers chromium, chromium-nickel, and chromium-manganese-nickel stainless steel plate, sheet, and strip for pressure vessels and for general applications including architectural, building, construction, and aesthetic applications.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished plate, sheet, and strip in the more commonly used types of stainless free machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high temperature service. Stainless and heat-resisting plate, sheet, and strip, are covered in separated specifications. The steel shall be made by one or more of the following processes: electric-arc, electric-induction, or other suitable commercial processes. The chemical composition shall conform to the requirements specified. Hardness test shall conform to the hardness requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers hot-finished or cold-finished plate, sheet, and strip in the more commonly used types of stainless free machining steels designed especially for optimum machinability and for general corrosion and high temperature service. Stainless and heat-resisting plate, sheet, and strip, other than free-machining types, are covered in separate specifications.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 The external loading properties of plastic pipe obtained by this test method are used for the following:5.1.1 To determine the stiffness of the pipe. This is a function of the pipe dimensions and the physical properties of the material of which the pipe is made.5.1.2 To determine the load-deflection characteristics and pipe stiffness which are used for engineering design (see Appendix X1).5.1.3 To compare the characteristics of various plastics in pipe form.5.1.4 To study the interrelations of dimensions and deflection properties of plastic pipe and conduit.5.1.5 To measure the deflection and load-resistance at any of several significant events if they occur during the test.1.1 This test method covers the determination of load-deflection characteristics of plastic pipe under parallel-plate loading.1.2 This test method covers thermoplastic resin pipe, reinforced thermosetting resin pipe (RTRP), and reinforced polymer mortar pipe (RPMP).1.3 The characteristics determined by this test method are pipe stiffness, stiffness factor, and load at specific deflections.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: While this test method can be used in measuring the pipe stiffness of corrugated plastic pipe or tubing, other profile wall designs, and products produced from polyethylene, PVC or polypropylene, special conditions and procedures are used. These details are included in the product standards, for example, Specifications F667/F667M, F949, F2764/F2764M, and others.1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The rain spray test described in 8.1 as Method A is based upon Test Method E 331 which is intended for use in the evaluation of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors. This test method is intended to supplement the water spray test in Practice E 823 that does not include the effects of wind-driven rain. This method includes the use of a pressure differential to enhance the penetration of water into the assembly being tested. This type of pressure differential can occur with many types of solar collector mounting configurations. In the case of solar collectors that form a building element, for example, a roof, this pressure differential will be caused by differences of pressure inside and outside the building. In the case of solar collectors mounted on standoffs or racks, this pressure differential will be caused by positive and negative wind forces acting simultaneously on faces of the collector.Water leakage due to joint expansion can be influenced by several factors, including: the specific collector design and materials used, the test specimen temperature, and the water spray temperature (Note 1), in addition to the pressure differential. The temperature conditions will vary in outdoor exposure. The test temperatures should be selected to be representative of outdoor conditions where the collectors will be used.Note 1—Water spray temperatures are likely to range from 4.5°C to 29.4°C (40 to 85°F).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flat plate solar collectors to water penetration when water is applied to their outer surfaces with a static air pressure at the outer surface higher than the pressure at the interior of the collector.1.2 This test method is applicable to any flat plate solar collector.1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is contained in Section 6.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This guide covers standard specification for a carbon steel plate or a low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides of a layer of stainless chromium steel. The steel shall be made by open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process, or by secondary processes whereby steel made from these primary processes is remelted using, but not limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum-arc remelting processes. The steel plate may be heat-treated after the forming process. Tensile properties shall be determined by a tension test of the composite plate for clad plates that meet the specified values of tensile strength and yield strength. The composite plate shall conform to any desired combination of alloy-cladding metal and base metal. Tests for strength of the bond, when required, shall be performed and shall meet the specified values of shear and bond strengths. The test specimen shall undergo one or more tension tests, as required by the specifications for the base metal and, when specified, one shear test or three bond bend tests shall be made representing each plate as rolled. Product analysis may also be required for the cladding alloy on the finished product.1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium steel. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel for pressure vessel. The steel shall be made by the open-heart, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen processes and the alloy-cladding metal shall be metallurgically bonded to the base metal. The steel clad plate shall be heat treated. The steel specimens shall undergo tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and yield strength. The steel materials shall also undergo bend tests and shall conform to the required values of shear strength and bond strength. Product and chemical analyses shall also be performed on the steel specimens.1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes the general requirements common to several wrought products including copper and copper-alloy plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. The material for manufacture shall be a cast bar, cake, or slab of such purity and soundness as to be suitable for processing by hot- or cold-working, and annealing to produce a uniform wrought structure in the finished product. The edges shall be slit, sheared, sawed, or rolled, as specified. When rolled edges are required, they may be produced by either rolling or drawing to one of the following specified edge contours: square edges (square corners), rounded corners, rounded edges, and full-rounded edges. Products shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (thickness, length, width, weight, and straightness), mechanical (tensile and yield strength, Rockwell hardness, and elongation), electrical (resistivity and conductivity), chemical composition, and grain size requirements.1.1 This specification establishes the general requirements common to several wrought product specifications. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, these general requirements shall apply to copper and copper-alloy plate, sheet, strip, and rolled bar supplied under each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM: B19, B36/B36M, B96/B96M, B101, B103/B103M, B121/B121M, B122/B122M, B130, B152/B152M, B169/B169M, B194, B370, B422/B422M, B465, B534, B591, B592, B694, B740, B747, B768, B888/B888M, and B936.21.2 Units—This specification is the companion specification to SI Specification B248M; therefore, no SI equivalents are shown in this specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard for plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of nickel or nickel-base alloy. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, electric furnace (with separate degassing and refining optional), or basic-oxygen processes, or by secondary processes whereby steel made from these primary processes is remelted using, but not limited to electroslag remelting or vacuum arc remelting processes. The nickel or nickel-base alloy cladding metal shall conform to prescribed chemical composition. The base metal shall be carbon steel or low-alloy steel conforming to the specifications for steels for either pressure vessels or for general structural applications. The composite plate shall undergo shear strength test, bond strength test, and tension test and shall conform to the required tensile strength and yield strength. Product and chemical analyses shall be performed on the cladding alloy and be accomplished by wet chemical or instrumental procedures.1.1 This specification2 covers plate of a carbon steel or low-alloy steel base to which is integrally and continuously bonded on one or both sides a layer of nickel or nickel-base alloy. The material is generally intended for pressure vessel use but may be used in other structural applications where corrosion resistance of the alloy is of prime importance.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

11.1 For the purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the following table and for dimensional tolerances, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29:Property Rounded Unit for Observed orCalculated Value    Chemical composition   nearest unit in the last  Hardness    right-hand significant digit  Electrical resistivity    used in expressing  Electrical conductivity    the limiting value    Tensile strength   nearest 5 MPa  Yield strength   nearest 5 MPa    Elongation:   nearest 1 %    Grain size:     Under 0.060 mm   nearest multiple of 0.005 mm   0.060 mm and over   nearest 0.01 mmAbstractThis specification establishes the general requirements common to several wrought products including copper and copper-alloy plates, sheets, strips, and rolled bars. The numerical values in this specification are not presented in inch-pound units, but rather, in metric or SI units only. The material for manufacture shall be a cast bar, cake, or slab of such purity and soundness as to be suitable for processing by hot- or cold-working, and annealing to produce a uniform wrought structure in the finished product. The edges shall be slit, sheared, sawed, or rolled, as specified. When rolled edges are required, they may be produced by either rolling or drawing to one of the following specified edge contours: square edges (square corners), rounded corners, rounded edges, and full-rounded edges. Products shall be sampled and prepared, then tested accordingly to examine their conformance to dimensional (thickness, length, width, weight, and straightness), mechanical (tensile and yield strength, Rockwell hardness, and elongation), electrical (resistivity and conductivity), chemical composition, and grain size requirements.1.1 This specification establishes the general requirements common to several wrought product specifications. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, these general requirements shall apply to copper and copper-alloy plate, sheet, strip, and rolled bar supplied under each of the following product specifications issued by ASTM: B36/B36M, B96/B96M, B103/B103M, B121/B121M, B122/B122M, B130, B152/B152M, B169/B169M, B422/B422M, B534, B694, B888/B888M, and B936.21.2 Units—This specification is the companion specification to inch-pound Specification B248.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

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