定价： 819元 / 折扣价： 697 元 加购物车

定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

5.1 PCRT Applications and Capabilities—PCRT has been applied successfully to a wide range of NDT applications in the manufacture and maintenance of metallic and non-metallic parts. Examples of anomalies detected are discussed in 1.1. PCRT has been shown to provide cost effective and accurate NDT solutions in many industries including automotive, aerospace, and power generation. Examples of successful applications currently employed in commercial use include, but are not limited to:(1) Silicon nitride bearing elements(2) Steel, iron, and aluminum rocker and control arms(3) Aircraft and industrial gas turbine engine components (blades, vanes, disks)(4) Cast cylinder heads and cylinder blocks(5) Sintered powder metal gears and clutch plates(6) Machined forged steel steering and transmission components (gears, shafts, racks)(7) Ceramic oxygen sensors(8) Silicon wafers(9) Gears, including those with induction hardened or carburized teeth(10) Ceramic matrix composite (CMC) material samples and components(11) Components with shot peened surfaces(12) Machined or rolled-formed fasteners(13) Components made with additive manufacturing(14) Aircraft landing gear, wheel, and brake components(15) Components made with metal injection molding5.2 General Approach and Equipment Requirements for PCRT via Swept Sine Input: 5.2.1 PCRT systems comprise hardware and software capable of inducing vibrations, recording the component response to the induced vibrations, and executing analysis of the data collected. Inputting a swept sine wave into the part has proven to be an effective means of introducing mechanical vibration and can be achieved with a high quality signal generator coupled with an appropriate active transducer in physical contact with the part. Collection of the part’s frequency response can be achieved by recording the signal generated by an appropriate passive vibration transducer. The software required to analyze the available data may include a variety of suitable statistical analysis and pattern recognition tools. Measurement accuracy and repeatability are extremely important to the application of PCRT.5.2.2 Hardware Requirements—A swept sine wave signal generator and response measurement system operating over the desired frequency range of the test part are required with accuracy better than 0.002 %. The signal generator should be calibrated to applicable industry standards. Transducers must be operable over same frequency range. Three transducers are typically used; one Drive transducer and two Receive transducers. Transducers typically operate in a dry environment, providing direct contact coupling to the part under examination. However, non-contacting response methods can operate suitably when parts are wet or oil-coated. Other than fixturing and transducer contact, no other contact with the part is allowed as these mechanical forces dampen certain vibrations. For optimal examination, parts should be placed precisely on the transducers (generally, ±0.062 in. (1.6 mm) in each axis provides acceptable results). The examination nest and cabling shall isolate the Drive from Receive signals and ground returns, so as to not produce (mechanical or electrical) cross talk between channels. Excessive external vibration or audible noise, or both, will compromise the measurements.5.3 Constraints and Limitations: 5.3.1 PCRT cannot separate parts based on visually detectable anomalies that do not affect the structural integrity of the part. It may be necessary to provide additional visual inspection of parts to identify these indications.5.3.2 Excessive process variation of parts may limit the sensitivity of PCRT. For example, mass/dimensional variations exceeding 5 % may cause PCRT to be unusable.5.3.3 Specific anomaly identification is highly unlikely. PCRT is a whole body measurement and differentiating between a crack and a void in the same location is generally not possible. It may be possible to differentiate some anomalies by using multiple patterns and training sets. The use of physics-based modeling and simulation to predict the resonance frequency spectrum of a component may also allow relationships between resonance frequencies and defect locations/characteristics to be established.5.3.4 PCRT will only work with stiff objects that provide resonances whose frequency divided by their width at half of the maximum amplitude (Q) are greater than 400 to 500. Although steel parts may be very stiff and perfectly reasonable to use for PCRT, steel foil would generally not be.5.3.5 While PCRT can be applied to painted and coated parts in many cases, the presence of some surface coatings such as vibration-absorbing materials and heavy oil layers may limit or preclude the application of PCRT.5.3.6 While PCRT can be applied to parts over a wide range of temperatures, it should not be applied to parts that are rapidly changing temperature. The part temperature should be stabilized before collecting resonance data.5.3.7 Misclassified parts in the teaching set, along with the presence of unknown anomalies in the teaching set, can significantly reduce the accuracy and sensitivity of PCRT.1.1 This practice describes a general procedure for using the process compensated resonance testing (PCRT) via swept sine input method for metallic or non-metallic parts to compare resonance patterns from a sample under test to reference teaching sets of known acceptable and targeted defect samples. The resonance pattern differences can be used to distinguish acceptable parts with normal process variation from parts with targeted material states and defects that will cause performance deficiencies. These material states and defects include, but are not limited to, cracks, voids, porosity, shrink, inclusions, discontinuities, grain and crystalline structure differences, density-related anomalies, heat treatment variations, material elastic property differences, residual stress, and dimensional variations. This practice is intended for use with instruments capable of exciting, measuring, recording, and analyzing multiple whole body, mechanical vibration resonance frequencies in acoustic or ultrasonic frequency ranges, or both.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The understanding and management of the interrelationship between human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being of the community and the high-value asset is essential to timely and acceptable restoration. This standard guide is designed to help responsible party(ies) with the identification and integration of affected stakeholders and with the establishment of a process to identify and resolve key issues essential to a satisfactory restoration. The standard guide is presented herein as a “framework” to help ensure that all the restoration planning process components (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values and economic well-being) are considered. The framework is designed to allow a user to determine which components of the process are applicable to the restoration problem being addressed, and to establish the level of analytical detail necessary for each component. It provides general guidance to help with the selection of approaches and methods for specific analysis of each of the major restoration planning components (that is, human health, ecological condition, socio-cultural values, and economic well-being). By actively involving affected stakeholders in the restoration decision-making process, it will help the user to orient the process to prioritize and consider the most important issues of those who’s lives are most directly impacted by the consequences of the event and resulting restoration. This not only greatly increases the chances of a successful and acceptable restoration, but will also help promote public trust in the responsible party’s ability to rapidly restore the high-value asset(s).1.1 To ensure a publicly acceptable and timely restoration of an asset contaminated as a result of a natural or man-made disaster, including a terrorist event, it is essential to have a pre-planned strategy developed and tailored at the community level and facilitated by the government which advocates the support and involvement of the affected community during such a crisis period. This pre-planned strategy for restoration will need to be seamlessly incorporated into the overall emergency management process within the community. This guide presents a framework (that is, strategy) for involving the public in a stakeholder-focused, consensus-based event restoration process, for those situations where such involvement is essential to move a stalled (due to stakeholder issues) restoration process forward. This framework is designed to be an event-specific, community-specific process to help prioritize and consider actions necessary to optimize the restoration of an asset contaminated as the result of a disaster. 1.2 This guide is intended to describe a highly flexible restoration planning process, and therefore does not specify or recommend a specific course of action for this activity. 1.3 This guide is intended to assist in the implementation of a restoration planning process allowing a holistic assessment and balancing of the impacts associated with human health, ecology, socio-cultural values, and economic implications. It is intended to be used in alignment with current Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) guidance and other guides and agency procedures and requirements to address specific stakeholder issues and concerns. 1.4 After completing the immediate response and stabilization phase of a disaster that required Federal assistance through establishment of a Joint Field Office (JFO) in accordance with the National Response Plan, mitigation and recovery activities will need to be planned and initiated to address the significant long-term impacts for any contaminated assets in the affected area. This guide provides a process that can be used by the JFO to gain stakeholder consensus on the restoration of these assets. 1.5 The user should consult other restoration-related standards, regulations, and sources for specific methods in the utilization of predictive models or other analysis tools that may be required under a restoration planning assessment. 1.6 Although the implementation of a restoration planning process is intended for use after a disaster occurs, it needs to be an integral part of a community’s pre-event planning activities and incorporated into appropriate community response plans. Identifying the important assets of a community and key stakeholders associated with each respective asset, before an event occurs through a process such as Community Asset Mapping, will help ensure a more efficient restoration process following an actual contamination of the asset in a disastrous event. 1.7 Since restoration planning as proposed in this guide follows a plan established prior to the event, it is important to coordinate asset restoration plans with event preplanning on how to minimize damages to significant assets from uncertain, low-probability, but potentially costly natural and man-made disasters. What will be required for asset restoration will be in part dependent on what measures have been taken to protect those same assets before the extreme event occurs. Guide E2506 provides a three-step protocol for formulating and evaluating risk mitigation strategies for constructed facilities. Assets identified for risk mitigation in the application of Guide E2506 prior to a disaster will likely be assets that the restoration stakeholders using this guide will want to consider restoring in the recovery phase following a disaster. 1.8 This standard guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers high-strength low-alloy steel shapes of structural quality, produced by quenching and self-tempering process (QST). The chemical analysis of the heat and of the steel product analysis shall conform to the chemical requirements prescribed by the reference materials. The Charpy V-notch test shall be performed to determine if the material conforms to the required tensile properties.1.1 This specification covers high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes in Grades 50 [345], 60 [415], 65 [450], 70 [485], and 80 [550], produced by the quenching and self-tempering process (QST). The shapes are intended for riveted, bolted or welded construction of bridges, buildings and other structures.1.2 The QST process consists of in line heat treatment and cooling rate controls which result in mechanical properties in the finished condition that are equivalent to those attained using heat treating processes which entail reheating after rolling. A description of the QST process is given in Appendix X1.1.3 Due to the inherent characteristics of the QST process, Grade 50 [345], 60 [415], 65 [450], and 70 [485] shapes shall not be formed nor post weld heat treated at temperatures exceeding 1100°F [595°C] and Grade 80 [550] shapes shall not be formed nor post weld heat treated at temperatures exceeding 1000°F [540°C].1.4 When the steel is to be welded, it is presupposed that a welding procedure suitable for the grade of steel and intended use or service will be utilized. See Appendix X3 of Specification A6/A6M for information on weldability.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this specification.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

定价： 3913元 / 折扣价： 3327 元

This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals applied by pack cementation process. The four classes of chromium diffusion coating, defined by the type of base metal, are as follows: Class I (carbon steels); Class II (low-alloy steels); Class III (stainless steels); and Class IV (nickel-based alloys). Specimens shall adhere to processing requirements such as substrate preparation, materials (masteralloys, activators, and inert fillers), loading, furnace cycle, post cleaning, post straightening, visual inspection, and marking and packaging. Specimens shall also adhere to coating requirements such as diffusion thickness, decarburization, chromium content, appearance, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, and macro- and micro-hardness).1.1 This specification covers the requirements for chromium diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal which is subsequently diffused into the surface of a substrate at high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is immersed or suspended in a powder containing chromium (source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator reacts to produce an atmosphere of chromium halides which transfers chromium to the substrate for subsequent diffusion. The chromium-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal stability, and wear-resistant properties.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for aluminum diffusion of metals applied by pack cementation process. The three classes of aluminum diffusion coating, defined by the type of base metal, are as follows: Class I (carbon and low alloy steels); Class II (stainless steels); and Class III (nickel-based alloys). Specimens shall adhere to processing requirements such as substrate preparation, high and low activity pack mix, materials (masteralloys, activators, and inert fillers), loading, furnace cycle, post cleaning, diffusion heat treatment, post straightening, visual inspection, and marking and packaging. Specimens shall also adhere to coating requirements such as diffusion thickness, aluminum content, appearance, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, and macro- and micro-hardness).1.1 This specification covers the requirements for aluminum diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal which is subsequently diffused into the surface of a substrate at high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is immersed or suspended in a powder containing aluminum (source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator reacts to produce an atmosphere of aluminum halides which transfers aluminum to the substrate for subsequent diffusion. The aluminum-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal stability, and wear-resistant properties.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Use—This guide is intended to reflect a reasonable baseline process for the completion of PCAs for use on a voluntary basis. No implication is intended that use of this guide be required to have conducted a PCA in a commercially prudent and reasonable manner. The baseline process described in this guide is subject to a moderate level of uncertainty. Because the objectives, risk tolerance, schedule, and budget of users can be dramatically different there are varying levels of PCA and due diligence that can be exercised that are both more and less comprehensive than this guide that may be appropriate to meet the objectives of the user. In accordance with ASTM protocols, this guide does not recommend a specific course of action or scope of work. Users should consider their requirements, the purpose that the PCA is to serve, and their risk tolerance to refine the scope of assessment and consultant qualifications in order to establish appropriate objectives for the assessment.4.2 Clarification of Use of Assessments: 4.2.1 Specific Point in Time—A user should only rely on the PCR for the point in time that the observations and research were conducted.4.2.2 Site-Specific—The PCA prepared in accordance with this guide is site-specific in that it relates to the physical condition of primary improvements on a specific parcel of commercial real estate. Consequently, this guide does not address many additional issues in commercial real estate transactions such as economic obsolescence, the purchase of business entities, or physical deficiencies relating to off-site conditions.4.2.3 Specific Objectives—PCAs are completed to address specific objectives identified to the consultant by the user. The consultant should be consulted prior to use of the PCA to address any other objective.4.2.4 Intended Users—PCAs are typically completed for use by contracting parties. In some cases, the use of or reliance on reports may be extended to additional parties by mutual agreement of the contracting parties. Use of or reliance on PCAs by others may violate the rights of contracting parties and fail to satisfy the objectives of such unauthorized parties.4.3 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide. They are intended to be referred to in resolving ambiguity, or in exercising discretion accorded the user or consultant in conducting a PCA, or in judging whether a user or consultant has conducted appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate PCA.4.3.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No PCA can wholly eliminate the uncertainty regarding the presence of physical deficiencies and the performance of building systems or building components. Preparation of a PCR in accordance with this guide is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, the uncertainty regarding the potential for building system or building component failure and to reduce the potential that such building system or building component may not be initially observed. This guide also recognizes the inherent subjective nature of reported opinions as to such issues as workmanship, quality of original installation, and estimating the RUL of any given component or system. Users should work with their consultant to consider modifications to the scope of the PCA that may reduce uncertainties.4.3.2 Suggested Remedies—The guide recognizes that a suggested remedy may be determined under time constraints, formed without the aid of engineering calculations, testing, exploratory probing, the removal or relocation of materials, design, or other technically exhaustive means. Furthermore, there may be other alternatives or more appropriate schemes or methods to remedy a physical deficiency. The suggested remedies are generally formed without detailed knowledge from those familiar with the historical or actual performance of the building system or building component.4.3.3 Not Technically Exhaustive—The PCA is not intended to be construed as technically exhaustive. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained, or the time required to conduct the PCA and prepare the PCR, may outweigh the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly and timely completion of a commercial real estate transaction. It is the intent of this guide to attempt to identify a balance between limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a PCA and reducing the uncertainty about unknown physical deficiencies resulting from completing additional inquiry.4.3.4 Representative Observations—The purpose of conducting representative observations is to convey to the user the expected magnitude of commonly encountered or anticipated conditions. Recommended representative observation quantities for various asset types are provided in Annex A1; however, if in the consultant’s opinion, the recommended representative observations are unwarranted as a result of homogeneity of the asset or other reasons deemed appropriate, the field observer may survey sufficient units, areas, buildings, building systems, and building components so as to comment with reasonable confidence as to the representative presence of physical deficiencies at such repetitive or similar areas, building systems, and building components. If there is more than one building on the subject property, and they are homogeneous with respect to approximate age, use, basic design, materials, and systems, it is not a requirement of this guide for the field observer to observe the building systems and building components within each individual building to describe or comment on their condition within the PCR. The descriptions and observations provided in the PCR are to be construed as representative of all similar improvements.4.3.4.1 User-Mandated Representative Observations—A user may mandate the representative observations required for a given subject property or a particular building system or building component. Such representative observations may be more or less detailed than this guide's recommended representative observations as provided in Annex A1.4.3.4.2 Extrapolation of Findings—Consultant may reasonably extrapolate representative observations and findings to all typical areas or systems of the subject property for the purposes of describing such conditions within the PCR and preparing the opinions of costs for suggested remedies.4.3.5 Level of Due Diligence is Variable—Not every subject property will warrant the same level of assessment. The appropriate level of assessment is guided by the purpose the PCA is to serve; type of subject property; age of the improvements; expertise and risk tolerance of the user; and time available for preparing and reviewing the opinions contained in the PCR.4.4 Prior PCR Usage—This guide recognizes that PCRs prepared in accordance with this guide may include information that subsequent users and consultants may want to use to avoid duplication and to reduce cost. Therefore, this guide includes procedures to assist users and consultants in determining the appropriateness of using such information. In addition to the specific procedures contained elsewhere in this guide, the following should be considered:4.5 Use of Prior PCR Information—Information contained in prior property condition reports may be helpful to assist in understanding the subject property and planning the walk-through survey and research for the completion of a current PCR. Such information should serve only as an aid to a consultant in fulfilling the requirements of this guide and to assist the field observer in the walk-through survey, research, and the field observer’s understanding of the subject property; and should be verified during the completion of a current assessment.4.5.1 Comparison with a Previously Prepared PCR—Discrepancies between a PCR and a previously prepared PCR are not indicative that either PCR is deficient. User requirements and objectives, the purpose of the PCR, qualifications and experience of the assessment team, time available to complete the PCR, access to and availability of information, hindsight, new or additional information, enhanced visibility because of improved weather or site conditions, equipment not in a shutdown mode, specific building systems and building components observed, and other factors may significantly impact the findings and opinions of the PCR. It should not be concluded or assumed that a previous PCR was deficient because the previous PCA did not discover a certain physical deficiency, or because opinions of costs in the previous PCR are different. Because a PCR contains a representative indication of the condition of the subject property at the time of the walk-through survey and is dependent on the information available to the consultant at that time, the PCR should be evaluated on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they are made.4.5.2 Conducting Current Walk-Through Surveys—At a minimum, for a PCR to be consistent with this guide, a new walk-through survey, interviews, and solicitation and review of building and fire department records for recorded material violations should be performed.4.6 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or consultant conducting a PCA has actual knowledge that the information from a prior PCR is not accurate, or if it is obvious to the field observer that the information is not accurate, such information from a prior PCR should not be used.4.7 Contractual Issues—This guide recognizes that contractual and legal obligations may exist between prior and subsequent users of PCRs, or between users and consultants who performed prior PCRs, or both. Consideration of such contractual obligations is beyond the scope of this guide. Furthermore, a subsequent user of a prior PCA should be apprised that the report may have been prepared for purposes other than the current desired purpose of the PCR and should determine the contractual purpose and scope of the prior PCA.4.8 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between a user and consultant (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the user and consultant was considered during the preparation of this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to provide a framework for conducting a property condition assessment (PCA) of the primary improvements at commercial real estate properties by performing a walk-through survey and conducting research as outlined within this guide.1.1.1 Physical Deficiencies—The goal of the baseline process for property condition assessments is to identify and communicate material physical deficiencies to a user.1.1.2 Walk-Through Survey—This guide outlines procedures for conducting a walk-through survey to identify physical deficiencies, and recommends various building systems and building components that should be observed by the field observer.1.1.3 Document Reviews and Interviews—The scope of this guide includes document reviews, research, and interviews to augment the walk-through survey to assist with understanding the subject property and identification of physical deficiencies.1.1.4 Property Condition Report—The work product resulting from completing a PCA in accordance with this guide is a property condition report (PCR). The PCR incorporates the information obtained during the Walk-Through Survey, the Document Review and Interviews sections of this guide and includes opinions of costs for suggested remedies of observed physical deficiencies.1.2 Objectives—Objectives in the development of this guide are to: (1) provide a framework for conducting a property condition assessment (PCA) of the primary improvements located on a parcel of commercial real estate; (2) facilitate consistent and pertinent content in PCRs; (3) develop pragmatic and reasonable recommendations and expectations for site observations, document reviews and research associated with conducting PCAs and preparing PCRs; (4) establish reasonable expectations for PCRs; (5) assist in developing an industry standard of care for appropriate baseline observations and research; and (6) recommend protocols for the consultants for communicating observations, opinions, and recommendations in a manner meaningful to the user.1.3 Out of Considerations and Excluded Activities—The use of this guide is strictly limited to the scope set forth herein. Section 12 and Appendix X1 of this guide identify, for informational purposes, certain considerations and physical conditions that may exist on the subject property, and certain activities or procedures (not an all-inclusive list) that are beyond the scope of this guide but may warrant consideration by parties to a commercial real estate transaction to enhance the PCA. Users should work with a knowledgeable consultant to identify additional considerations and concerns to be evaluated. The decision to inquire into out-of-scope considerations or extend the assessment to include excluded activities is to be made by the user. No assessment of out-of-scope considerations is required for a PCA to be conducted in conformance with this guide.1.4 Organization of This guide—This guide consists of several sections, an Annex and two (2) Appendixes. Section 1 is the . Section 3 on Terminology contains definitions of terms both unique to this guide and not unique to this guide, and acronyms. Section 4 sets out the of this guide, and Section 5 describes the User's Responsibilities. Sections 6 through 11 provide guidelines for the main body of the PCR, including the scope of the walk-through survey, preparation of the opinions of costs to address physical deficiencies, and preparation of the PCR. Section 12 provides additional information regarding out-of-scope considerations, activities, and procedures (see section 1.3). Annex A1 provides guidance relating to specific asset types that are considered as integral to this guide. Appendix X1 describes additional concerns a user may consider in modification of the scope of the PCR. Appendix X2 and Appendix X3 outline an approach to limited accessibility screenings.     TABLE OF CONTENTS1    1.1 Purpose  1.2 Objectives  1.3 Out of Considerations and Excluded Activities  1.4 Organization of This guide  1.5 Multiple Buildings  1.6 Safety Concerns3 Terminology  3.2 Definitions  3.3 Abbreviations and Acronyms4   4.1 Use  4.2 Clarification of Use of Assessments  4.3 Principles  4.4 Prior PCR Usage  4.5 Use of Prior PCR Information  4.6 Actual Knowledge Exception  4.7 Contractual Issues  4.8 Rules of Engagement5 User's Responsibilities  5.1 Objectives and of Assessment  5.2 Point of Contact  5.3 Access  5.4 User Disclosure6 Property Condition Assessment  6.1 Objective  6.2 PCA Components  6.3 Coordination of Components  6.4 Consultant's Duties7 The Consultant  7.1 Qualifications of the Consultant  7.2 Staffing of the Field Observer  7.3 Independence of the Consultant  7.4 Qualifications of the Field Observer  7.5 Qualifications of the PCR Reviewer  7.6 The Field Observer and PCR Reviewer May Be a Single Individual  7.7 Not a Professional Architectural or Engineering Service8 Document Review and Interviews  8.1 Objective  8.2 Verification of Information Provided by Others  8.3 Accuracy and Completeness  8.4 Government Agency Provided Information  8.5 Pre-Survey Questionnaire  8.6 Owner/User Provided Documentation and Information  8.7 Interviews9 Walk-Through Survey  9.1 Objective  9.2 Frequency  9.3 Photographs  9.4   9.5 Additional Considerations10 Opinions of Costs to Remedy Physical Deficiencies  10.1 Purpose  10.2   10.3 Opinions of Costs Attributes11 Property Condition Report  11.1 Format  11.2 Writing Protocols  11.3 Documentation  11.4 Executive Summary  11.5 Purpose and   11.6 Walk-Through Survey  11.7 Document Reviews and Interviews  11.8 Additional Considerations  11.9 Qualifications  11.10 Limiting Conditions  11.11 Exhibits12 Out of Considerations  12.1 Activity Exclusions  12.2 Warranty, Guarantee, and Code Compliance Exclusions  12.3 Additional/General Considerations13 KeywordsAnnex A1 GUIDANCE AND ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE SERVICES  A1.1 Multifamily Properties  A1.2 Commercial Office Buildings  A1.3 Retail Buildings   Appendix X1 GUIDANCE AND ENHANCED DUE DILIGENCE SERVICES  X1.1 Qualifications  X1.2 Modifications to the Baseline ProcessAppendix X2 AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT (ADA) ABBREVIATED ADA SCREENINGAppendix X3 FAIR HOUSING ACT (FHA) ABBREVIATED FHA SCREENING1.5 Multiple Buildings—If the subject property is comprised of multiple buildings, it is the intent of this guide that all of the primary improvements are discussed in one PCR.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

This specification covers hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet coated by the electrolytic process. Coatings can be comprised of pure metals or metal alloys. The product shall be coated on one or both surfaces with equal or differential coating masses on the two surfaces. The following seven-character format shall be used to identify the coating mass required: first and second characters; third character; fifth and fourth characters; sixth character; and seventh character. Heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical requirements of the specification of the steel. Coating mass tests shall include weigh-strip-weigh method, X-ray fluorescence, Coulometric method, and referee method. Structural steel such as cold-rolled and hot-rolled sheets, shall also undergo coating bend test and shall conform with the bend test requirements.1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet coated by the electrolytic process. Coatings can be comprised of pure metals or metal alloys. For specific coatings, refer to Specifications A879/A879M and A918.1.2 The product shall be coated on one or both surfaces with equal or differential coating masses on the two surfaces. Sheet-coated with equal coating masses on each surface has similar levels of corrosion protection on each surface. Often, however, a higher level of corrosion protection is required on one surface than is required on the other. In these situations, one surface shall be specified with a heavier coating mass than the other. Either surface, when specified to be painted, will provide additional corrosion protection as compared to an unpainted surface.1.3 This coating process has essentially no effect on the base metal mechanical properties, and use is permitted on any grade of hot-rolled or cold-rolled steel sheet. The coated sheet is available as Commercial Steel (CS), Drawing Steel (DS), Deep Drawing Steel (DDS), Extra-Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS), Structural Steel (SS) High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS), High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F), Solution-Hardened Steel (SHS), or Bake-Hardenable Steel (BHS).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This guide covers redevelopment of a Brownfields property for all stakeholders. This guide identifies impediments to Brownfields development and suggests solutions to facilitate redevelopment. Both government and community groups are concerned with the quality of Brownfields redevelopment and wish to ensure that the redevelopment will not only protect public health and environment, but also be economically viable and benefit the community. The sustainable Brownfields redevelopment process is a voluntary effort that actively engages property owners, developers, government agencies, and the community in conducting corrective action, economic evaluation, and other actions to promote the long-term productive reuse of a Brownfields property. The process can make great strides toward sustainable redevelopment since it encourages economic vitality of an area which in turn can reduce other social problems at Brownfields properties including poverty, unemployment, and crime.1.2 It is the intent of this guide to encourage a sustainable Brownfields redevelopment process through responsible private/public investment and redevelopment of Brownfields properties. Brownfields redevelopment is not strictly an environmental issue. In some cases, the environmental issues may be a minor component of the redevelopment project. The interrelated financial, regulatory, and community participation aspects of Brownfields redevelopment should also be addressed. Decisions made in one of these areas may affect responses in other areas. For example, a community's goals for the ultimate use of a property may affect corrective action and the cost of potential remedial action that, in turn, may enhance the redevelopment.1.3 This guide is intended to describe a highly flexible process. This process is not linear, and not every project requires full use of all components of the process for effective implementation. The key to the process is the active engagement of government, developers, and the community to ensure successful sustainable Brownfields redevelopment process.

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This specification covers zinc-nickel alloy coatings applied by the electrolytic process to hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheets for applications requiring designation of the coating mass on each surface. Coating application shall be done on one or both surfaces with equal or differential coating masses and similar levels of corrosion protection, and shall have no effect on the base metal mechanical properties. The coated sheets may be available as commercial steel (CS), drawing steel (DS), deep drawing steel (DDS), extra-deep drawing steel (EDDS), structural steel (SS), high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLAS), high-strength low-alloy steel with improved formability (HSLAS-F), solution-hardened steel (SHS), or bake-hardenable steel (BHS). Coatings shall be designated accordingly, and shall undergo test methods such as weigh-strip-weigh method, and nondestructive X-ray fluorescence measurement. Individual coating designations should conform to coating mass, thickness, and composition requirements.1.1 This specification covers zinc-nickel alloy coatings applied by the electrolytic process to hot-rolled and cold-rolled steel sheet. The coating has a smooth, spangle-free surface. The zinc-nickel-coated sheet covered in this specification is produced in a range of coating masses to provide coatings that are compatible with the anticipated service life required. The coating mass varies, from very thin coatings that are usually painted to provide good service, to relatively heavy masses that provide good corrosion resistance in the bare (unpainted) condition. The composition range is from 9 to 16 % nickel, by weight, with the balance being zinc.1.2 The product shall be coated on one or both surfaces with equal or differential coating masses on the two surfaces. Sheet coated with equal coating masses on each surface has similar levels of corrosion protection on each surface. Often, however, a higher level of corrosion protection is required on one surface than is required on the other. In these situations, one surface shall be specified with a heavier coating mass than the other. Either surface, when specified to be painted, will provide additional corrosion protection as compared to an unpainted surface.1.3 This coating process has essentially no effect on the base metal mechanical properties, and use is permitted on any grade of hot- or cold-rolled steel sheet. The coated sheet is available as Commercial Steel (CS), Drawing Steel (DS), Deep Drawing Steel (DDS), Extra-Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS), Structural Steel (SS), High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLAS), High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Formability (HSLAS-F), Solution-Hardened Steel (SHS), or Bake-Hardenable Steel (BHS).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Uses—This practice is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to assess the environmental condition of forestland or rural property taking into account commonly known and reasonably ascertainable information. While use of this practice is intended to constitute all appropriate inquiries for purposes of the LLPs, it is not intended that its use be limited to that purpose. This practice is intended primarily as an approach to conducting an inquiry designed to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. No implication is intended that a person shall use this practice in order to be deemed to have conducted inquiry in a commercially prudent or reasonable manner in any particular transaction. Nevertheless, this practice is intended to reflect good commercial and customary practice. (See 1.5.)4.2 Clarifications on Use: 4.2.1 Use Not Limited to CERCLA—This practice is designed to assist the user in developing information about the environmental condition of a subject property and as such, has utility for a wide range of persons, including those who may have no actual or potential CERCLA liability and/or may not be seeking the LLPs.4.2.2 Residential Occupants/Lessees/Purchasers and Others—No implication is intended that it is currently customary practice for residential occupants/lessees of multifamily residential buildings, occupants/lessees of single-family homes or other residential real estate, or purchasers of dwellings for one's own residential use, to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions. Thus, these transactions are not included in the term forestland or rural property transactions, and it is not intended to imply that such persons are obligated to conduct an environmental site assessment in connection with these transactions for purposes of all appropriate inquiries or for any other purpose.4.2.3 Site-specific—This practice is site-specific in that it relates to the assessment of environmental conditions for a subject property comprising forestland or rural property. Consequently, this practice does not address many additional issues raised in transactions such as purchases of business entities or interests therein, or of their assets, that may well involve environmental liabilities pertaining to properties previously owned or operated or other off-site environmental liabilities.4.3 Related Standard Practice—This practice sets forth one procedure for an environmental site assessment known as a “Phase I Environmental Site Assessment for Forestland or Rural Property,” “Phase I Environmental Site Assessment,” a “Phase I ESA,” or simply a “Phase I.” This practice is separate from and is applicable to different types of property than Practice E1527 as further described in 4.3.1. These practices are each intended to meet the standard of all appropriate inquiries necessary to qualify for the LLPs. It is essential to consider that these practices, taken together, provide for two alternative practices of all appropriate inquiries for forestland or rural property.4.3.1 Election to Commence with This Practice—The user may commence inquiry to identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property by performing this practice when conditions identified in 1.1 are met. A primary consideration in applying this practice instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the subject property being assessed, as the typical environmental concerns, sources for interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform the site reconnaissance may differ significantly. The subject property need not be contiguous and may contain isolated areas of non-forestland and non-rural property. This practice is intended to provide a more practical approach to assess rural property and forestland properties that are generally uniform in use.4.3.2 Who May Conduct—Whenever a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment is conducted, it must be conducted by an environmental professional, as defined in Appendix X2 (and 40 C.F.R. 312.10(b)), to the extent specified in 7.5.1. Further, at the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment level, no practical standard can be designed to eliminate the role of judgment and the value and need for experience in the party performing the inquiry. The professional judgment of an environmental professional is, consequently, vital to conducting all appropriate inquiries at the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment level.4.4 Additional Services—As set forth in 12.10, additional services may be contracted for between the user and the environmental professional. Such additional services may include BER issues not included within the scope of this practice, examples of which are identified in Section 13 under Non- Considerations.4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this practice and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or environmental professional in conducting an environmental site assessment or in judging whether a user or environmental professional has conducted all appropriate inquiry or has otherwise conducted an adequate environmental site assessment.4.5.1 Uncertainty Not Eliminated—No environmental site assessment can wholly eliminate uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. Performance of this practice is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the potential for recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property, and this practice recognizes reasonable limits of time and cost.4.5.2 Not Exhaustive—All appropriate inquiries does not mean an exhaustive assessment of a property. There is a point at which the cost of information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of transactions. One of the purposes of this practice is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in conducting an environmental site assessment and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from additional information.4.5.3 Level of Inquiry Is Variable—Not every property will warrant the same level of assessment. Consistent with good commercial or customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. § 9601(35)(B), the appropriate level of environmental site assessment will be guided by the type of property subject to assessment, the expertise and risk tolerance of the user, future intended uses of the subject property disclosed to the environmental professional, and the information developed in the course of the inquiry. This practice is no less stringent than Practice E1527; however, the means by which this practice intends to satisfy that level of all appropriate inquiries within reasonable time and cost constraints are different than under Practice E1527. Site reconnaissance of isolated areas of the property that include activities outside the definition of forestland or rural property should be addressed using methodologies such as those provided in E1527. See also section 1.1.1.4.5.4 Comparison with Subsequent Inquiry—It should not be concluded or assumed that an inquiry was not all appropriate inquiries merely because the inquiry did not identify recognized environmental conditions in connection with a subject property. Environmental site assessments must be evaluated based on the reasonableness of judgments made at the time and under the circumstances in which they were made. Subsequent environmental site assessments should not be considered valid standards to judge the appropriateness of any prior assessment based on hindsight, new information, use of developing technology or analytical techniques, or other factors.4.5.5 Point in Time—The environmental site assessment is based upon conditions at the time of completion of the individual environmental site assessment elements (see 7.2).4.6 Continued Viability of Environmental Site Assessment: 4.6.1 Presumed Viability—Subject to 4.8 and the user’s responsibilities set forth in Section 6, an environmental site assessment meeting or exceeding this practice is presumed to be viable when it is completed less than 180 days prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property (or, for transactions not involving an acquisition, the date of the intended transaction). The completion dates of the components presented in 4.6.2(i), (iii), (iv), and (v) for interviews, review of government records, visual inspections, and declaration by environmental professional, shall be identified in the report. Completion of searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens (4.6.2(ii)) is a user responsibility; however, if the user has engaged the environmental professional to conduct these searches, then that date shall also be identified in the report.4.6.2 Updating of Certain Components—Subject to 4.8 and the user’s responsibilities set forth in Section 6, an environmental site assessment meeting or exceeding this practice, and for which the information was collected within one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property, may be used provided that the following components of the inquiries were updated within 180 days of the date of purchase or the date of the intended transaction; the 180-day period shall commence from the completion of any of these components, whichever is first:(i) interviews with owners, operators, and occupants;(ii) searches for recorded environmental cleanup liens (a user responsibility, see Section 6);(iii) searches of federal, tribal, state, and local government records;(iv) visual inspections of the subject property and of adjoining properties; and(v) the declaration by the environmental professional responsible for the assessment or update.4.6.3 Compliance with All Appropriate Inquiries—To qualify for one of the threshold criteria for satisfying the LLPs to CERCLA liability, the all appropriate inquiries components listed in 4.6.2 must be conducted or updated within 180 days of and prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property, and all other components of all appropriate inquiries must be conducted within one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property. The date of the report generally does not represent the date the individual components of all appropriate inquiries were completed and should not be used when evaluating compliance with the 180-day or 1-year all appropriate inquiries requirements.4.6.4 User’s Responsibilities—If, within the period described above, the environmental site assessment will be used by a user different than the user for whom the environmental site assessment was originally prepared, the subsequent user must also satisfy the user’s responsibilities in Section 6.4.7 Prior Assessment Usage—This practice recognizes that environmental site assessments conducted in accordance with this practice will include information that subsequent users may want to use to avoid undertaking duplicative assessment procedures. Therefore, this practice describes procedures to be followed to assist users in determining the appropriateness of using information in environmental site assessments performed more than one year prior to the date of acquisition of the subject property (or for transactions not involving an acquisition such as a lease or refinance, the date of the intended transaction). The system of prior assessment usage is based on the following principles that should be adhered to in addition to the specific procedures set forth elsewhere in this practice:4.7.1 Use of Prior Information—Subject to the requirements set forth in 4.6, users and environmental professionals may use information in prior environmental site assessments provided such information was generated as a result of procedures that meet or exceed the requirements of this practice. However, such information shall not be used without current investigation of conditions likely to affect recognized environmental conditions in connection with the subject property. Additional tasks may be necessary to document conditions that may have changed materially since the prior environmental site assessment was conducted. Nothing in this practice is intended to convey a right to use or rely upon resources, information, findings, or opinions provided in prior assessments.4.7.2 Contractual Issues Regarding Prior Assessment Usage—The contractual and legal obligations between prior and subsequent users of environmental site assessments or between environmental professionals who conducted prior environmental site assessments and those who would like to use such prior environmental site assessments are beyond the scope of this practice.4.8 Actual Knowledge Exception—If the user or environmental professional conducting an environmental site assessment has actual knowledge that the information being used from a prior environmental site assessment is not accurate or if it is obvious , based on other information obtained by means of the environmental site assessment or known to the person conducting the environmental site assessment, that the information being used is not accurate, such information from a prior environmental site assessment may not be used.4.9 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between an environmental professional and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this practice. No specific legal relationship between the environmental professional and the user is necessary for the user to meet the requirements of this practice.4.10 Organization of This Practice—This practice has thirteen sections and six appendices. Section 1 is the . Section 2 is Referenced Documents. Section 3, Terminology, has definitions of terms not unique to this practice, descriptions of terms unique to this practice, and acronyms. Section 4 is of this practice. Section 5 provides discussion regarding activity and use limitations. Section 6 describes User’s Responsibilities. Sections 7 – 12 are the main body of the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, including evaluation and report preparation. Section 13 provides additional information regarding non-scope considerations (see 1.4). The appendices are included for information and are not part of the procedures prescribed in this practice. Appendix X1 explains the liability and defense provisions of CERCLA that will assist the user in understanding the user’s responsibilities under CERCLA; it also contains other important information regarding CERCLA, the Brownfields Amendments, and this practice. Appendix X2 provides the definition of the environmental professional responsible for the Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, as required in the “All Appropriate Inquiries” Final Rule (40 C.F.R. Part 312). Appendix X3 provides an optional User Questionnaire to assist the user and the environmental professional in gathering information from the user that may be material to identifying recognized environmental conditions. Appendix X4 offers an additional examination of the recognized environmental condition definition. Appendix X5 provides a suggested table of contents and report format for a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. Appendix X6 summarizes non-scope considerations that persons may want to assess.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this practice is to provide an alternative method to ASTM E1527 for good commercial and customary practices in the United States of America for conducting a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment2 of forestland or rural property with respect to the range of contaminants within the scope of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and petroleum products. As such, this practice is intended to permit a user to satisfy one of the requirements to qualify for the innocent landowner, contiguous property owner, or bona fide prospective purchaser limitations on CERCLA liability (hereinafter, the “landowner liability protections,” or “LLPs”): that is, the practice that constitutes “all appropriate inquiries” into the previous ownership and uses of a property consistent with good commercial and customary standards and practices as defined at 42 U.S.C. §9601(35)(B). (See Appendix X1 for an outline of CERCLA's liability and defense provisions.) Controlled substances are not included within the scope of this standard. Persons conducting an environmental site assessment as part of an EPA Brownfields Assessment and Characterization Grant awarded under CERCLA 42 U.S.C. §9604(k)(2)(B) must include controlled substances as defined in the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. §802) within the scope of the assessment investigations to the extent directed in the terms and conditions of the specific grant or cooperative agreement. Additionally, an evaluation of business environmental risk (BER) associated with a parcel of commercial real estate may necessitate investigation beyond that identified in this practice (see 1.4 and Section 13).1.1.1 Standard Practice Selection—The methodology included in this practice is an effective and practical process for achieving the objectives of a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment of forestland or rural property when some of the methodologies of ASTM E1527 are deemed to be impractical or unnecessary due to the size or nature of the property. This practice is intended to provide a more practical approach to assess rural and forestland properties that are generally uniform in use. A primary consideration in applying this practice instead of E1527 is the nature and extent of the property being assessed, as the typical environmental concerns, sources for interviews and records, and the methodology used to perform the site reconnaissance may differ significantly. The property to be assessed using this standard practice need not be contiguous and may contain isolated areas of non-forestland and non-rural property. Site reconnaissance of isolated areas of the property that include activities outside the definition of forestland or rural property should be addressed using methodologies such as those provided in E1527, which may be conducted and reported in conjunction with this practice, as discussed in 4.5.3.1.1.2 Recognized Environmental Conditions—The goal of the processes established by this practice is to identify recognized environmental conditions. The term recognized environmental condition means (1) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to any release to the environment; (2) the likely presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property due to a release or likely release to the environment; or (3) the presence of hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or at the subject property under conditions that pose a material threat of a future release to the environment. A de minimis condition is not a recognized environmental condition.1.1.3 Related Standard Practices—This practice is closely related to Standard Practice E1527. Standard Practice E1527 is an environmental site assessment for commercial real estate (see 4.3).1.1.4 Petroleum Products—Petroleum products are included within the scope of this practice because they are of concern with respect to many parcels of forestland or rural property and current custom and usage is to include an inquiry into the presence of petroleum products when conducting an environmental site assessment of forestland or rural property. Inclusion of petroleum products within the scope of this practice is not based upon the applicability, if any, of CERCLA to petroleum products.1.1.5 CERCLA Requirements Other Than Appropriate Inquiries—This practice does not address whether requirements in addition to all appropriate inquiries have been met in order to qualify for the LLPs (for example, the duties specified in 42 U.S.C. §§9607(b)(3)(a) and (b) and cited in Appendix X1 including the continuing obligation not to impede the integrity and effectiveness of activity and use limitations (AULs), or the duty to take reasonable steps to prevent releases, or the duty to comply with legally required release reporting obligations).1.1.6 Other Federal, State, and Local Environmental Laws—This practice does not address requirements of any state or local laws or of any federal laws other than the All Appropriate Inquiries provisions of the LLPs. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local laws may impose environmental assessment obligations that are beyond the scope of this practice. Users should also be aware that there are likely to be other legal obligations with regard to hazardous substances or petroleum products discovered in, on, or at the subject property that are not addressed in this practice and that may pose risks of civil and/or criminal sanctions for non-compliance.31.1.7 Documentation—The scope of this practice includes research and reporting requirements that support the user's ability to qualify for the LLPs. As such, sufficient documentation of all sources, records, and resources utilized in conducting the inquiry required by this practice must be provided in the written report (refer to 8.1.9 and 12.2).1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are (1) to synthesize and put in writing good commercial and customary practices for environmental site assessments for forestland or rural property; (2) to facilitate high quality, standardized environmental site assessments; (3) to provide a practical and reasonable standard practice for all appropriate inquiries; and (4) to clarify an industry standard for all appropriate inquiries in an effort to guide legal interpretation of the LLPs.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 Considerations Beyond —The use of this practice is strictly limited to the scope set forth in this section. Section 13 of this practice identifies, for informational purposes, certain environmental conditions (for example, threatened and endangered species and non-point source considerations) that may exist on a forestland or rural property that are beyond the scope of this practice, but may warrant discussion between the environmental professional and the user about a forestland or rural property transaction. The need to include an investigation of any such conditions in the environmental professional's scope of services should be evaluated based upon, among other factors, the nature of the subject property and the reasons for performing the assessment (for example, a more comprehensive evaluation of business environmental risk), and should be agreed upon between the user and environmental professional as additional services beyond the scope of this practice prior to initiation of the environmental site assessment process.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations and should be supplemented by education, experience, and professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard practice does not necessarily represent the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide allows the decision maker to determine which remedial treatment processes are and are not applicable to remediate an area of soil, surface water, or ground water that contains contaminants of concern.4.2 This guide provides the data to make cost comparisons of the remedial treatment processes.4.3 Analysis of treatment process design data can often be performed at the site with field instruments and test kits.4.4 Tables 1 and 2 are a guide to selecting and obtaining physical and chemical treatment process design data. Data marked with an “X” is needed to evaluate alternatives and select a remedial treatment process. Once the remedial process is selected, the additional data that are needed to design the selected remedial treatment process are marked with an “O.” It may be advisable to also collect the data marked with an “O” during the initial sampling event to minimize sampling trips to the site.4.5 Tables 3 and 4 list laboratory and field methods for analyzing this data. More than one analytical method may be listed. The most suitable method must be chosen for each application.(A) This table was developed jointly by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Center of Expertise and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Support Project—Engineering Forum. Additional information and methods can be found in 40 CFR 136, EPA SW-846, and Standard Methods for Evaluation of Water and Wastewater, most current edition.(B) Estimated sensitivity and detection ranges are method/kit specific. Detection ranges are estimates. Verify these methods are suitable for the samples at this site. Consult the method or manufacturer's catalogs for details.(C) Spectrometers and meters are instruments that can be used to analyze for many parameters. Kits cost much less, but usually analyze for only one parameter. There are many manufacturers of field test equipment. Verify that the field methods are applicable to the medium at this site.(D) USEPA 600/4-84-017, The Determination of Inorganic Anions in Water by Ion Chromatography, March 1984.(E) Parameters that should be analyzed in the field.(F) USEPA 600/4-79/020, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 1983.(G) American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Use the most recently published methods.(H) Use of test kits—Guide D5463.(I) Use Nernst equation to check ORP field data.(J) USEPA SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, Physical/Chemical Methods, 3rd Edition, Updates I, IIA, IIB, III, IIIA, IVA, and IVB.(K) A USGS method for ferrous iron analysis.(L) Analysis of Dissolved Methane, Ethane, and Ethylene in Ground Water by a Standard Gas Chromatohraphic Technique, developed by USEPA National Risk Management Laboratory, Ada, OK.(A) Standard Methods (SM) for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 18th edition, 1992.(B) Except for soil oxygen and soil CO2, soil samples can be analyzed in an offsite laboratory.(C) Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846).(D) Field test kits are often available that test for multiple parameters. There are several manufacturers of field soil test kits.(E) Sample digestion required prior to analysis—see water parameters table.(F) These metals can also be analyzed by atomic adsorption.(G) Screening level.(H) Estimate with Walkley-Black TOC and subtract other substances included in the TOC analysis.(I) USEPA/600/4-79/020, Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, March 1983.4.6 This guide does not address sampling for contaminants of concern and sampling locations. See EM 200-1-2 Technical Project Planning (TPP) under Engineering Manuals6 for information on sampling contaminants of concern. It is recommended that the treatment process design sampling be coordinated with the sampling for chemicals of concern to minimize duplicate sampling and trips to the site.4.7 This guide does not address physical and chemical properties related to contaminant transport. This is addressed in Guide D5730.4.8 This guide does not address why the data is needed to evaluate each treatment technology. This information is addressed in the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR) site at http://www.frtr.gov in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers guidance documents at http://www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/ and the United Facilities Guide Specifications (UFGS) available at http://www.ccb.org/.4.9 This guide does not address Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA/QC) or sampling design strategy. See U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Engineering Regulation ER 1110-1-263 and Engineering Manual EM 200-1-36 for information on QA/QC. This needs to be addressed in the Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP).1.1 This guide lists the physical and chemical treatment processes design data needed to evaluate, select, and design treatment processes for remediation of contaminated sites. This data is listed in Tables 1 and 2. Much of these data can be obtained and analyzed at the site with instruments and test kits.1.2 It is recommended that this guide be used in conducting environmental site assessments and Remedial Investigations/Feasibility Studies (RI/FS) and selections of remedy in U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 300.430.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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