4.1 The purpose of this test method is to determine the particle size distribution of the glass raw materials.1.1 This test method covers the sieve analysis of common raw materials for glass manufacture, such as sand, soda-ash, limestone, alkali-alumina silicates, and other granular materials used in glass batch.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 With the need to calculate volatile organic content (VOC) of paints, and with acetone, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, methyl acetate and t-butyl acetate4 considered as exempt volatile compounds, it is necessary to know the content of these analytes. This gas chromatographic test method provides a relatively simple and direct way to determine their content. However, because the detectors used in this test method are not selective, and because some coatings are very complex mixtures, compounds may be present in the sample that coelute with the analyte, giving a result that is erroneously high. Or a component may elute with the internal standard, giving a result that is erroneously low. It is therefore important to know the composition of the sample to ensure that there are no interferences, under the analysis conditions used. Test Method D6438 employs mass-spectral detection of analytes and may be used as an alternative method.1.1 This test method is for the determination of the total-concentration of acetone, p-chlorobenzotrifluoride, methyl acetate, or t-butyl acetate, or combination of any of the four, in solvent-reducible and water-reducible paints, coatings, resins, and raw materials. Because unknown compounds that co-elute with the analyte being measured or with the internal standard, will lead to erroneous results, this test method should only be used for materials of known composition so that the possibility of interferences can be eliminated. The established working range of this test method is from 1 % to 100 % for each analyte by weight.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Core sampling is widely accepted, when applicable, for obtaining a laboratory sample representative of the clean wool fiber present in a lot of packaged raw wool.5.2 If the wool is so loosely packed that a core cannot be cut, or if it is so highly compressed that the sampling tool cannot readily penetrate into the package to the required depth and in the required direction, core sampling is not applicable. The density of wool in most types of commercial packages is suitable for sampling by this method.5.3 The procedure described in this practice is adapted to the application of statistical methods for estimating the size of sample required to achieve a required level of sample precision at minimum cost.NOTE 1: The basic sampling equipment, operating procedure, and statistical approach used in this practice have been adapted for sampling lots of wool for the determination of other properties that are not affected by boring, such as average fiber diameter, and for sampling lots of other bulk fibers in packages.FIG. 1 Small Diameter Wool Sampling Tool (United States Customs Service)(Metric equivalents may be calculated by multiplying inches by 25.4 to obtain equivalent dimensions in millimetres.)1.1 This practice for sampling covers a procedure for obtaining samples from lots of grease, pulled, or scoured wool or related animal fibers in bales or bags for the determination of the clean wool fiber present by a procedure similar to that described in Test Method D584.1.2 This practice provides a description of suitable core sampling equipment, the sampling procedure, and the method for determining the number of packages to be bored and the number of cores to be taken from each sampled package.1.3 Reliable estimates are given for the standard deviation of the percentage clean wool fiber present between packages and within packages for lots of many types of raw wool.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Mooney viscosity is used extensively in the rubber industry as a measurement of the general quality of raw or compounded uncured rubber. This special viscosity has been related to average molecular weight and to handling and processing characteristics in various rubber operations such as mixing, extruding, molding, and so forth.3.2 This practice addresses the raw Mooney viscosity of SBR in its finished state at the SBR manufacturer's plant and in the ready-to-use state at the rubber product manufacturer's plant.3.3 Different processes and different processing equipment often require rubber of the same composition at different raw Mooney viscosity levels. The use of this practice enables producers of SBR to offer each rubber with a number of standard target Mooney viscosity values and informs users which Mooney viscosity rubbers are available.NOTE 1: Use of this practice will eliminate the need for producers to manufacture rubbers of the same composition with target Mooney values unrealistically close together. This will allow the manufacturers to produce to each target, and eliminate the need to sort product for many different specification ranges. The result will be improved process performance indexes and more consistent rubber for all users.NOTE 2: Using this practice will benefit users by providing a published list of the producer's Mooney viscosity target values and improved consistency of the rubber they receive. The better consistency will result from producing rubber to a target rather than sorting it after it is tested. Interchangeability of rubbers from different producers should be simplified.1.1 This practice covers a means for producers and users of emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) to establish common target values for the Mooney viscosity of these rubbers.1.2 Mooney viscosity is a widely used measurement for rubber as defined in Test Methods D1646 where the procedure for its measurement is specified.1.3 The Mooney viscosity target value is defined as the midpoint of a Mooney viscosity specification range established by a producer or user of rubber.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 General Utility: 5.1.1 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing and process control.5.1.2 It is useful to define and verify the reactivity of non-foam polyurethane formulations.5.2 Limitations: 5.2.1 Operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab variability can be significant.5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the equipment used to measure the gel time. It is recommended that the testing laboratory and the client agree on the equipment and the conditions to be used that include the following:5.2.2.1 Gel Tester and gel point criteria,5.2.2.2 Speed/rpm of the mixer,5.2.2.3 Type and shape of the mix blades,5.2.2.4 Size and type (for example, shape, lined or unlined) of container for mixing the components and for measuring the gel time, and5.2.2.5 The volume (or height) of material to be placed in the container for measuring the gel time and the depth of the measuring wire or spindle of the gel tester from the bottom of the container.5.2.3 Users of this practice shall develop their own precision data to determine if these procedures meet their requirements.5.2.4 It is possible that low-levels (ppm, ppb) of contaminants will not be detected using this practice.1.1 This practice covers procedures for determining the gel times of polyurethane non-foam formulations using commercially available gel test equipment.1.2 Definitions, terms, and techniques are described along with procedures for calculating sample weights.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Spoilage of paint in the container is often related to the use of contaminated raw materials, water (particularly recycled washwater), vessels, piping, and equipment in the manufacturing plant. There is a need for a simple method to determine the presence or absence of microorganisms in plants that manufacture paints and coatings. Such a determination enables the manufacturer to establish the point of contamination (that is, raw materials or problem housekeeping areas in the plant) to help in solving the spoilage problem.NOTE 1: Some contamination in plant areas is to be expected, since microorganisms are ubiquitous and cannot generally be eliminated practically (it is what an in-can preservative is supposed to control). Excessive levels of contamination or contaminated raw materials can exceed the capability of the preservative. If you have excessive contamination in the plant, there are methods for decontamination including steam, preservatives, bleach, etc. These should be discussed with your biocide supplier and used with care. Recovery of spoiled or contaminated products is often not feasible, so an adequate level of the appropriate biocide in conjunction with good plant housekeeping practices are essential. Your biocide supplier can also help here.3.2 This test method may be used by persons without basic microbiological training, but some training on aseptic techniques would be recommended.NOTE 2: The reliability of the results obtained from this test method is extremely dependent on the techniques employed. Improper techniques can result in a sterile sample appearing to be contaminated, and even worse, a contaminated sample appearing to be sterile (see also 5.1). It is recommended that you consult with your biocide supplier, raw material supplier, or an independent testing laboratory to confirm questionable results.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of the microbial condition (contamination or sterility) of raw materials used in the manufacture of paint, and the microbial condition of paint and paint manufacturing areas.1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is accepted for testing of bales of raw cotton in commercial shipments.4.2 This test method describes acceptable practices for testing of raw cotton using cotton classification instruments that are capable of testing the fiber properties of micronaire reading, length, uniformity index, strength, Rd (color), +b (color), percent area (trash) and particle count (trash).1.1 This test method covers the measurement of color, trash content, micronaire, upper half mean length (length), uniformity index and breaking tenacity (strength) of raw cotton for cotton marketing using a cotton classification instrument.1.2 This test method is applicable to Upland and Extra Long Staple (ELS) raw cotton.1.3 This test method is applicable to roller and saw ginned raw cottons.1.4 This test method contains the following sections.  SectionColor 8 – 11Trash Content 12 – 15Micronaire Reading 16 – 19Upper Half Mean Length (Length) and Uniformity Index 20 – 23Breaking Tenacity (Strength) 24 – 271.5 The values stated in both inch-pound and SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The shrinkage of SBR rubbers and their compounds after processing is of importance in many applications. This property can also be used for control, specifications, and fabrication purposes.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of mill shrinkage of hot-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR) and their compounds.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the moisture content of materials (raw or spent) that are to be extracted for tannin analysis. The value obtained for moisture content by this test method is used to calculate the results of the other analyses on this material to a moisture-free basis.5.2 The specimens are obtained from the material prepared for extraction in Practice D6405.5.3 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts, depending both on the nature of the material and on the climatic conditions, therefore sampling must be carried out as quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid changes in moisture content.5.4 Negative errors may occur in the moisture determination because under the conditions of this method there may be retention of moisture by certain components (for example, hydrated salts or water bound to organic structures) of the raw or spent material or because of oxidation of other components (for example, tannins) of the raw or spent material.5.5 Positive errors may occur in the moisture determination because under the conditions of this test method there may be volatilization of certain components of the raw or spent material other than water.5.6 It is known that other factors can also affect the quantity of volatile matter (moisture) released by the specimen. These factors include but are not limited to: particle size of the test specimen, quantity of test specimen, oven temperature, exposure time in the oven, shape of the specimen container, and type of oven (for example, gravity or mechanical convection) used.5.7 Because of the possibility of unknown errors in this test method it is essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results both among specimens within a laboratory and for analyses between laboratories.1.1 This test method is intended for use in determining the moisture content in raw and spent materials that are extracted for tannin analysis. The moisture content of the sample is operationally defined to be equal to the weight loss experienced as a result of the evaporation which occurs in the drying oven.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for obtaining the water-soluble materials (including tannins) from any material that can be prepared for and charged to the steam-jacketed extractor. The extraction solutions are then analyzed according to Test Methods D4903, D6401, and D6402.1.1 This practice covers extracting the tannin from raw and spent materials. The water extract obtained by this method is used to determine the tannin content of the original material. Analysis for total solids, soluble solids, and soluble non-tannins of the water extract from a material provides the information necessary to calculate the extractable tannin content of that material. The types of materials typically analyzed by this practice are products of plants such as woods, barks, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots, etc. and any of a wide variety of by-products (spent materials) from industrial processes utilizing plant products.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be used for research or for quality control to determine the dimer ratio of Pure MDI.5.2 Uretidinedione begins forming in Pure MDI with the rate of formation increasing with increasing temperature. High levels can affect the appearance of Pure MDI and the quality of products made from it.1.1 This test method determines the ratio of the infrared absorbance of uretidinedione (dimer) in methylene-4,4’- di(phenylisocyanate) to an infrared absorbance at a reference wavelength within the same material. It is applicable to monomeric methylene-di(phenylisocyanate), or “Pure MDI,” containing 95 % or greater methylene-4,4’-di(phenylisocyanate).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for research or for quality control to characterize aromatic isocyanates and low-acidity prepolymers. Acidity correlates with performance in some polyurethane systems.1.1 This test method measures the acidity, expressed as ppm of hydrochloric acid (HCl), in aromatic isocyanate or polyurethane prepolymer samples of below 100 ppm acidity. The test method is applicable to products derived from toluene diisocyanate and methylene di(phenylisocyanate) (see Note 1). Refer to Test Method D6099 for determination of acidity in moderate- to high-acidity aromatic isocyanates.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 14898, Method B.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method covers wet sieving techniques for determination of fineness of hydraulic cement and raw materials by means of the No. 50, No. 100, and No. 200 sieves. The following apparatus shall be utilized: wet test sieves; spray nozzle; pressure gage; balance; weights; brush; dry test sieves; and NBS SRM No. 1004 (glass bead standard). Dry sieve standardization shall be performed by determining the correction factors and by preparing the standard samples. Wet sieve calibration shall follow and shall utilize the sieve correction factor. The procedure for wet sieving shall include the following: weighing of the sample; recording the weight and transferring the sample quantitatively to a clean dry sieve; wetting the sample thoroughly with a gentle stream of water; removing the sieve from under the nozzle and adjusting the pressure of the spray nozzle; returning the sieve to its position under the nozzle and washing it; moving the sieve in the spray with a circular motion; rinsing the sieve with distilled or deionized water immediately after removing it from the spray; blotting the lower surface of the screen cloth with a damp, clean cloth; drying the sieve and residue in an oven or over a hot plate; cooling the sieve; brushing the residue from the sieve; and weighing the sieve on a balance.1.1 This test method covers wet sieving techniques for determination of fineness of hydraulic cement and raw materials by means of the 300-μm (No. 50), the 150-μm (No. 100), and the 75-μm (No. 200) sieves.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 of measurements made in other units. Values are stated in SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 General Utility: 5.1.1 It is useful to verify catalyst levels in a resin blend or a polyurethane system.5.1.2 This practice is suitable for research, quality control, specification testing, and process control.5.2 Limitations: 5.2.1 Several of the measured parameters are subjective. Therefore, operator-to-operator variability and lab-to-lab variability can be much higher than that of a single operator.5.2.2 The variability of this practice is dependent on the consistency of mixing of the reactants.5.2.3 The estimation of precision in this practice is based on typical formulations for rigid and flexible foams. Formulations with faster reaction times will likely have greater variability, particularly cream time (initiation time). Formulations with slower reaction times will likely have greater variability in the measurement of free rise time.5.2.4 It is possible that low-level (ppm, ppb) ingredient contamination will not be detectable using this practice. Confirmation of such contamination will potentially require large-scale (~ 20 liters) tests and is out of the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice covers the determination of cream time (initiation time), top of cup time, free rise time, free rise height, string gel time (pull time), tack free time, settle back, and free rise density of polyurethane foam formulations using a cup foam test.1.2 Typical definitions, terms, and techniques are described; including procedures for mixing and transferring samples to the foaming container; and data gathering and evaluation. However, agreement between the customer and the testing laboratory for all these items must be obtained prior to use.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is suitable for quality control, as a specification test and for research. The urethane reaction between polyols and isocyanates to form polyurethane polymers is known to be sensitive to the presence of basic substances. This is particularly important in the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers which contain isocyanate groups that are known to react in the presence of trace amounts of basic substances. Since many polyether polyols are often made with strongly basic catalysts, it is important to have an analytical method capable of detecting small quantities of residual basic substances. This test method is capable of detecting ppm levels of base (as KOH).41.1 This test method covers measuring alkalinity in low-alkalinity (<0.002 meq/g basicity) polyols. This alkalinity is often expressed as CPR (controlled polymerization rate) of polyether polyols. This test method is not applicable to amine-based polyols.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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