This guide is intended for use in any laboratory utilizing PCR or RT-PCR to amplify and detect a specific nucleic acid sequence.The criteria used for evaluation of the amplification reactions should be administered by an individual trained in the use of molecular biological techniques associated with PCR.1.1 This guide covers guidelines, recommendations, basic considerations, criteria, and principles to be employed when developing, utilizing, or assessing PCR procedures and specific protocols for the amplification and detection of nucleic acid sequences. This guide is not intended to be a standard procedure with a list of requirements for PCR detection of nucleic acids. This guide is intended to provide information that will assist the user in obtaining quality and reliable data.1.2 Nucleic acid targets for PCR include DNA, as well as RNA ; RNA sequences are suitable targets for PCR following reverse transcription of the RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA). This type of amplification technique is known as reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).1.3 This guide has been developed for use in any molecular biology/biotechnology laboratory. This includes, but is not limited to, laboratories that specialize in the diagnosis of human, animal, plant, or bacterial diseases.1.4 This guide conveys the general procedural terminology of PCR technology used for the detection of nucleic acids.1.5 This guide is general; it does not cover the additional guidance that would be needed for specific applications, for example, for the PCR detection of nucleic acid sequences of specific microorganisms.1.6 This guide does not cover details of the various methods that can be utilized to identify PCR-amplified DNA sequences.1.7 This guide does not cover specific variations of the basic PCR or RT-PCR technology (for example, quantitative PCR, real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, and in situ PCR), and it does not cover details of instrument calibration.1.8 Warning-Laboratory work involving certain clinical specimens and microorganisms can be hazardous to personnel. Warning-Biosafety level 2 (or higher) facilities are recommended for biohazard work (). Safety guidelines should be adhered to in accordance with CLSI M29-A2 and other recommendations ().

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4.1 When coke lumps descend in the blast furnace, they are subjected to reaction with countercurrent CO2 and to abrasion as they rub together and against the walls of the furnace. These concurrent processes physically weaken and chemically react with the coke lumps, producing an excess of fines that can decrease burden permeability and result in increased coke rates and lost hot metal production. This test method is designed to measure indirectly this behavior of coke in the blast furnace.1.1 This test method, patterned after the Nippon Steel test procedure (see Carbonization Research Report 91 and Nishi et al.2), describes the equipment and techniques used for determining lump coke reactivity in carbon dioxide (CO2) gas at elevated temperatures and its strength after reaction in CO2 gas by tumbling in a cylindrical chamber referred to as an I-tester.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Refer to Practice E261 for a general discussion of the determination of decay rates, reaction rates, and neutron fluence rates with threshold detectors (1-29).3 Refer to Practice E1006, Practice E185 and Guide E1018 for the use and application of results obtained by this test method.(30-32) 5.2 The half-life of 93mNb is 16.1 (2)4 years5(34) and has a K X-ray emission probability of 0.11442 ± 3.356 % per decay (35). The Kα and Kβ X-rays of niobium are at 16.521–16.615 and 18.607–18.9852 keV, respectively (35). The recommended 93Nb(n,n′)93mNb cross section comes from the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File (IRDFF version 1.05, cross section compendium (36), and is shown in Fig. 1. This nuclear data evaluation is part of the Russian Reactor Dosimetry File (RRDF), cross section evaluations (37). The nuclear decay data referenced here are not taken from the latest dosimetry recommended database (33) but are selected to be consistent with the nuclear data used in the recommended IRDFF evaluation. FIG. 1 RRDF/IRDFF-1.05 Cross Section Versus Energy for the 93Nb(n,n′) 93mNb Reaction 5.3 Chemical dissolution of the irradiated niobium to produce very low mass-per-unit area sources is an effective way to obtain consistent results. The direct counting of foils or wires can produce satisfactory results provided appropriate methods and interpretations are employed. It is possible to use liquid scintillation methods to measure the niobium activity provided the radioactive material can be kept uniformly in solution and appropriate corrections can be made for interfering activities. 5.4 The measured reaction rates can be used to correlate neutron exposures, provide comparison with calculated reaction rates, and determine neutron fluences. Reaction rates can be determined with greater accuracy than fluence rates because of the current uncertainty in the cross section versus energy shape. 5.5 The 93Nb(n,n′)93mNb reaction has the desirable properties of monitoring neutron exposures related to neutron damage of nuclear facility structural components. It has an energy response range corresponding to the damage function of steel and has a half-life sufficiently long to allow its use in very long exposures (up to about 48 years). Monitoring long exposures is useful in determining the long-term integrity of nuclear facility components. 1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring reaction rates by the activation reaction 93Nb(n,n′) 93mNb. 1.2 This activation reaction is useful for monitoring neutrons with energies above approximately 0.5 MeV and for irradiation times up to about 48 years (three half-lives), provided that the analysis methods described in Practice E261 are followed. 1.3 With suitable techniques, fast-neutron reaction rates for neutrons with energy distribution similar to fission neutrons can be determined in fast-neutron fluences above about 1016 cm−2. In the presence of high thermal-neutron fluence rates (>1012cm−2·s−1), the transmutation of 93mNb due to neutron capture should be investigated. In the presence of high-energy neutron spectra such as are associated with fusion and spallation sources, the transmutation of 93mNb by reactions such as (n,2n) may occur and should be investigated. 1.4 Procedures for other fast-neutron monitors are referenced in Practice E261. 1.5 Fast-neutron fluence rates can be determined from the reaction rates provided that the appropriate cross section information is available to meet the accuracy requirements. 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method may be used as a preliminary or screening test to evaluate the relative effectiveness of a number of different materials being considered for use to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction.4.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate materials proposed for use on a particular job to prevent excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction, by testing in the quantity and in combination with the cement or cements to be used on the job.4.3 This test method does not assess the suitability of pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should comply with Specification C618, Specification C989/C989M or Specification C1240.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectiveness of pozzolans or slag in preventing the excessive expansion caused by reaction between aggregates and alkalies in portland cement mixtures. The evaluation is based on the expansion developed in mortar bars by a combination of portland cement and a pozzolan or slag, made with reactive aggregates (borosilicate glass), during storage under prescribed conditions of test.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method has been developed by the U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).5.2 TTPC may be used in various industrial and commercial products for use as a biocide. Products containing TTPC have been approved for controlling algal, bacterial, and fungal slimes in industrial water systems.2 TTPC should not be persistent in water but may be deposited in sediments at concentrations of concern. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy, and robust method to determine TTPC concentration at trace levels in various soil matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected soils and sediments.5.3 This method has been used to determine TTPC in sand, a commercial top soil, and four ASTM reference soils (Table 4).1.1 This procedure covers the determination of (Tri-n-butyl)-n-tetradecylphosphonium chloride (TTPC) in a soil matrix by extraction with acetone, filtration, dilution with water, and analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. TTPC is a biocide that strongly adsorbs to soils.2 The sample extracts are prepared in a solution of 75 % acetone and 25 % water because TTPC has an affinity for surfaces and particles. The reporting range for this method is from 250 to 10 000 ng/kg. This analyte is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.1.2 The method detection limit (Note 1) (MDL) and reporting range (Note 2) for the target analyte are listed in Table 1.NOTE 1: The MDL is determined following the Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B, as a guide utilizing solvent extraction of soil. Two-gram sample of Ottawa sand was utilized. A detailed process determining the MDL is explained in the reference and is beyond the scope of this standard to be explained here.NOTE 2: Reporting range concentration is calculated from Table 2 concentrations assuming a 50-μL injection of the Level 1 calibration standard for TTPC, and the highest level calibration standard with a 20-mL final extract volume of a 2-g soil sample. Volume variations will change the reporting limit and ranges.1.2.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. Analyte detections between the method detection limit and the reporting limit are estimated concentrations and are not reported following this test method. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 2 for TTPC after taking into account a 2-g sample weight and a final extract volume of 20 mL in 75 % acetone/25 % water. The final extract volume is 20 mL because a 15-mL volume of acetone is added to each soil sample and only the liquid layer after extraction is filtered leaving the solid behind followed by the addition of 5 mL of water to the acetone extract.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method developed for the analysis of TPs in soil and sediment samples is based upon an LC/MS/MS analysis. Any type of coupled liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry system may be used that meets the study objectives of the individual project. These may include, but are not limited to: trap, single quadrupoles, time-of-flight, high resolution, and others not mentioned here. 5.2 The MDL and reporting range for TPs are listed in Table 1. This SOP has been tested on Ottawa sand, four ASTM soil types, biosolid sample, and one commercial soil. The P&A QC acceptance criteria are listed in Table 3. Tables 4-17 display the TC and surrogate recoveries in the various soil types. 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B was used as a guide to determine the MDLs. The 40 CFR Part 136 MDL criteria were not met for NP2EO; this does not affect the method because the SOP only reports to the RL and is not a regulatory method. All site sample results are not reported below the RL using this method. RLCS concentrations may be reported below the RL because they are spiked at or near the RL. (A) Uncertainty calculation based upon 95 % confidence interval and a two-tailed Student t distribution.    Uncertainty = Student t Value [(standard deviation) / (number of LCS)1/2]. (A) P&A values are after subtraction of average of MB if ≥RL. (A) P&A values are after subtraction of average of MB if ≥RL. (A)  5.3 The RL for a specific soil sample may differ from that listed depending on the nature of the interferences in the sample matrix. Variability in historical LCS spike recovery may be used to estimate uncertainty. The estimate of minimum laboratory contribution to measurement uncertainty of this test method for each analyte is listed in Table 3. These values are derived from P&A samples from the initial IDOC study for this test method. The uncertainty will be greater near the RL and much greater near the DL. Also, uncertainty estimated based on variability in LCS recovery is conservative because some sources of variability are not included, such as subsample variability and matrix analyte recovery. This SOP covers multiple soil matrices and the uncertainty among the various matrices is variable. 1.1 This test method covers analysis of nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA), referred to collectively as target phenols (TPs), in soil, sediments, and biosolids by extraction with acetone, filtration, dilution with water, and analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The sample extracts are prepared in a solution of 75 % acetone and 25 % water because TPs have an affinity for surfaces and particles that is more pronounced at lower concentrations. The range of applicability of the test method is shown in Table 1. The method may be extended outside of these ranges depending on additional performance studies not undertaken here. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice has been developed in support of the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology by the Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).5.2 Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The prominent source of NP and OP is from common commercial surfactants which are longer chain APEOs. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The APEOs are readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This practice screens for the longer chain APEOs which may enter the STP at elevated levels and may cause a STP to violate its permitted discharge concentration of nonylphenol.1.1 This practice covers the determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using direct injection liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. This is a screening practice with qualified quantitative data to check for the presence of longer chain ethoxylates in a water sample.1.1.1 All data are qualified because neat standards of each alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) are not available and the synthesis and characterization of these neat standards would be very expensive. The Igepal2 brand standards, which contain a mixture of various chain lengths of the alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), were used. The mixture was characterized in-house assuming the instrument response at an optimum electrospray ionization cone and collision voltage for each APEO was the same. This assumption, which may not be accurate, is used to determine qualified amounts of each ethoxylate in the standards. The n-Nonylphenol diethoxylate (n-NP2EO) surrogate was available as a neat characterized standard, therefore, this concentration and recovery data was not estimated. APEOs are not regulated by the EPA, but nonylphenol, a breakdown product of NPnEOs, is regulated for fresh and saltwater dischargers. A request by a sewage treatment plant (STP) was made to make this practice available through ASTM in order to screen for the influent or effluent from sources of APEOs coming into the STP. The interest lies in stopping the source of the longer chain APEOs from entering the STP in order to meet effluent guidelines. Based upon the above, this is a practice rather than a test method. A comparison between samples is possible using this practice to determine which has a higher concentration of APEOs.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.1.3 The estimated screening range shown in Table 1 was calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 and 7 calibration standards shown in Table 4. These numbers are qualified, as explained in Section 1, and must be reported as such. Figs. 1-5 show the SRM chromatograms of each analyte at the Level 1 concentration with the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. This is a screening practice and method detection limits are not given. The S/N ratio for each analyte at the Level 1 concentration must be at least 5:1 for adequate sensitivity. If the instrument can not meet the criteria, the screening limit must be raised to an acceptable level.FIG. 1 SRM Chromatograms NP3EO-NP8EOFIG. 2 SRM Chromatograms NP9EO-NP14EOFIG. 3 SRM Chromatograms NP15EO-NP18EO and n-NP2EOFIG. 4 SRM Chromatograms OP2EO-OP7EOFIG. 5 SRM Chromatograms OP8EO-OP12EO1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Refer to Guide E844 for the selection, irradiation, and quality control of neutron dosimeters.5.2 Refer to Practice E261 for a general discussion of the determination of fast-neutron fluence rate with threshold detectors.5.3 Titanium has good physical strength, is easily fabricated, has excellent corrosion resistance, has a melting temperature of 1668 °C, and can be obtained with satisfactory purity.5.4 46Sc has a half-life of 83.787 (16)4 days (2). The 46Sc decay emits a 0.889271 (2) MeV gamma 99.98374 (35) % of the time and a second gamma with an energy of 1.120537 (3) MeV 99.97 (2) % of the time.5.5 The recommended “representative isotopic abundances” for natural titanium (3) are:8.25 (3) % 46Ti7.44 (2) % 47Ti73.72 (2) % 48Ti5.41 (2) % 49Ti5.18 (2) % 50Ti5.6 The radioactive products of the neutron reactions 47Ti(n,p)47Sc (τ1/2 = 3.3485 (9) d) (2) and 48Ti(n,p)48Sc (τ1/2 = 43.67 h), (3) might interfere with the analysis of 46Sc.5.7 Contaminant activities (for example, 65Zn and 182Ta) might interfere with the analysis of 46Sc. See 7.1.2 and 7.1.3 for more details on the 182Ta and 65Zn interference.5.8 46Ti and 46Sc have cross sections for thermal neutrons of 0.59 ± 0.18 and 8.0 ± 1.0 barns, respectively (4); therefore, when an irradiation exceeds a thermal-neutron fluence greater than about 2 × 1021 cm–2, provisions should be made to either use a thermal-neutron shield to prevent burn-up of 46Sc or measure the thermal-neutron fluence rate and calculate the burn-up.5.9 Fig. 1 shows a plot of the International Reactor Dosimetry and Fusion File, IRDFF-II cross section (5) versus neutron energy for the fast-neutron reactions of titanium which produce 46Sc (that is, natTi(n,X)46Sc). Included in the plot is the 46Ti(n,p) reaction and the 47Ti(n,np:d) contributions to the 46Sc production, normalized per natTi atom with the individual isotopic contributions weighted using the natural abundances (3). This figure is for illustrative purposes only and should be used to indicate the range of response of the natTi(n,X)46Sc reaction. Refer to Guide E1018 for descriptions of recommended tabulated dosimetry cross sections. Fig. 2 compares the cross section for the 46Ti(n,p)46Sc reaction to the current experimental database (6, 7). Fig. 3 compares the cross section for the 47Ti(n,np:d) reaction to the current experimental database (6, 7).FIG. 1 SAND-II 640-Group Histogram Representation of the natTi(n,X)46Sc Cross Section (Normalized per Elemental Ti Atom Using Natural Abundance Data), Represented By the Sum of the natTi(n,p)46Sc, natTi(n,np)46Sc, and natTi(n,d)46Sc Cross Section ComponentsFIG. 2 46Ti(n,p)46Sc Cross Section (Normalized per Isotopic 46Ti Atom), from IRDFF-II, with EXFOR Experimental DataFIG. 3 47Ti(n,np:d)46Sc Cross Section (Normalized per Isotopic 47Ti Atom), from IRDFF-II, with EXFOR Experimental Data1.1 This test method covers procedures for measuring reaction rates by the activation reaction natTi(n,X)46Sc. The “X” designation represents any combination of light particles associated with the production of the residual 46Sc product. Within the applicable neutron energy range for fission reactor applications, this reaction is a properly normalized combination of three different reaction channels: 46Ti(n,p)46Sc; 47Ti(n, np)46Sc; and 47Ti(n,d)46Sc.NOTE 1: The 47Ti(n,np)46Sc reaction, ENDF-6 format file/reaction identifier MF=3, MT=28, is distinguished from the 47Ti(n,d)46Sc reaction, ENDF-6 format file/reaction identifier MF=3/MT=104, even though it leads to the same residual product (1).2 The combined reaction, in the IRDFF-II library, has the file/reaction identifier MF=10/MT=5.NOTE 2: The cross section for the combined 47Ti(n,np:d) reaction is relatively small for energies less than 12 MeV and, in fission reactor spectra, the production of the residual 46Sc is not easily distinguished from that due to the 46Ti(n,p) reaction.1.2 The reaction is useful for measuring neutrons with energies above approximately 4.4 MeV and for irradiation times, under uniform power, up to about 250 days (for longer irradiations, or for varying power levels, see Practice E261).1.3 With suitable techniques, fission-neutron fluence rates above 109 cm–2·s–1 can be determined. However, in the presence of a high thermal-neutron fluence rate, 46Sc depletion should be investigated.1.4 Detailed procedures for other fast-neutron detectors are referenced in Practice E261.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Moisture will affect the process ability of some plastics. High moisture content causes surface imperfections (that is, splay or bubbling) or degradation by hydrolysis. Low moisture (with high temperature) causes polymerization.4.2 The physical properties of some plastics are affected by the moisture content.1.1 This method uses the reaction of Iodine (I2) with water (Karl Fischer Reaction) to determine the amount of moisture in a polymer sample.21.2 This test method is intended to be used for the determination of moisture in most plastics. Plastics containing volatile components such as residual monomers and plasticizers are capable of releasing components that will interfere with the I2/water reaction.1.3 This method is suitable for measuring moisture over the range of 0.005 to 100 %. Sample size shall be adjusted to obtain an accurate moisture measurement.1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 15512 Method B.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 TTPC may be used in various industrial and commercial products for use as a biocide. Products containing TTPC have been approved for controlling algal, bacterial, and fungal slimes in industrial water systems.2 TTPC should not be persistent in water but may be deposited in sediments at concentrations of concern. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy and robust method to determine TTPC concentration at trace levels in water matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected areas. 5.2 This method has been used to determine TTPC in reagent water and a river water (Table 8). (A) Solution A: Level 8 stock solution prepared according to Section 12 and at Table 4 concentrations.(B) Solution B: 75 % Acetone, 25 % Water. Note 1: This test method has been used to characterize TTPC in real world water samples with success and similar recoveries as shown in Table 8. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of (Tri-n-butyl)-n-tetradecylphosphonium chloride (TTPC) in water by dilution with acetone, filtration and analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This test method is not amenable for the analysis of isomeric mixtures of Tributyl-tetradecylphosphonium chloride. TTPC is a biocide that strongly adsorbs to soils.2 The water samples are prepared in a solution of 75 % acetone and 25 % water because TTPC has an affinity for surfaces and particles. The reporting range for this method is from 100 ng/L to 4000 ng/L. This analyte is qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This test method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry. 1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This test method contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community. 1.3 The Method Detection Limit3 (MDL) and Reporting Range4 for the target analyte are listed in Table 1. 1.3.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. Analyte detections between the method detection limit and the reporting limit are estimated concentrations and are not reported following this test method. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 4 for TTPC after taking into account a 2.5 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (75 % acetone/25 % water). The final solution volume is 10 mL because a 7.5 mL volume of acetone is added to each 2.5 mL water sample which is shaken and filtered. 1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Pesticides may be used in various agricultural and household products. These products may enter waterways at low levels through run-off or misuse near water resources. Hence, there is a need for quick, easy and robust method to determine pesticide concentration in water matrices for understanding the sources and concentration levels in affected areas.5.2 This method has been single-laboratory validated in reagent water and surface waters (Tables 12-14).1.1 This test method covers a method for analysis of selected pesticides in a water matrix by filtration followed with liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The samples are prepared in 20 % methanol, filtered, and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method was developed for an agricultural run-off study, not for low level analysis of pesticides in drinking water. This method may be modified for lower level analysis. The analytes are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method. This method adheres to multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Hydroxyl is an important functional group and knowledge of its content is required in many intermediate and end use applications. This test method is for the determination of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups and can be used for the assay of compounds containing them.5.2 This test method has the following advantages over other hydroxyl number methods: It is rapid (10 min), pyridine-free, ambient temperature, small sample size, applicable to extremely low hydroxyl numbers (<1), and is amenable to automation.1.1 This test method covers the determination of hydroxyl groups attached to primary and secondary carbon atoms in aliphatic and cyclic compounds and phenols from 0.5 to 367 hydroxyl number. It is not suitable for determination of hydroxyl groups attached to tertiary carbon atoms. This test method is applicable to polyacetals, temperature sensitive materials, high solids polymer polyols, and rigid polyols. Other available test methods listed in Note 1 are not suitable for many of the sample types listed above.1.1.1 This test method is currently recommended for neutral refined products. Successful application has been made, however, to some in-process samples that contain an excess of acidic species. Proper validation must be performed, of course, to show that the acidic species either does not interfere, or that the acidic species interference has been obviated.NOTE 1: Other methods for determination of hydroxyl groups are given in Test Methods D817, D871, D4252, D4273, D4274, E222, E326, and E335.1.2 The Limit of Detection (LOD) is 0.18 units and the Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) is 0.59 units. Unit = hydroxyl number (OH#).NOTE 2: LOD and LOQ were calculated using Standard deviations from 14.1.2.1.1.3 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The following applies for the purposes of determining the conformance of the test results using this test method to applicable specifications. Results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated, with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 9.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is useful in determining the extrapolated onset temperature, the peak heat flow temperature and the heat of reaction of a material. Any onset temperature determined by this test method is not valid for use as the sole information used for determination of storage or processing conditions.5.2 This test method is useful in determining the fraction of a reaction that has been completed in a sample prior to testing. This fraction of reaction that has been completed can be a measure of the degree of cure of a thermally reactive polymer or can be a measure of decomposition of a thermally reactive material upon aging.5.3 The heat of reaction values may be used in Practice E1231 to determine hazard potential figures-of-merit Explosion Potential and Shock Sensitivity.5.4 This test method may be used in research, process control, quality assurance, and specification acceptance.1.1 This test method determines the exothermic heat of reaction of thermally reactive chemicals or chemical mixtures, using milligram specimen sizes, by differential scanning calorimetry. Such reactive materials may include thermally unstable or thermoset materials.1.2 This test method also determines the extrapolated onset temperature and peak heat flow temperature for the exothermic reaction.1.3 This test method may be performed on solids, liquids or slurries.1.4 The applicable temperature range of this test method is 25 °C to 600 °C.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard is related to Test Method E537, but provides additional information.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 When applied to aviation gasoline, water reaction volume change using the technique reveals the presence of water-soluble components such as alcohols. When applied to aviation turbine fuels, water reaction interface rating using the technique is not reliable in revealing the presence of surfactants which disarm filter-separators quickly and allow free water and particulates to pass; but can reveal the presence of other types of contaminants. Other tests, such as Test Method D3948, are capable of detecting surfactants in aviation fuels.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the presence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume change and on the fuel-water interface.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard involves the use of hazardous chemicals identified in Section 7. Before using this standard, refer to suppliers' safety labels, Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature.

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4.1 Alkali-silica reaction is a chemical interaction between some siliceous constituents of concrete aggregates and hydroxyl ions (1).5 The concentration of hydroxyl ion within the concrete is predominantly controlled by the concentration of sodium and potassium (2).4.2 This test method is intended to evaluate the potential of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag to expand deleteriously due to any form of alkali-silica reactivity (3, 4).4.3 If testing an aggregate with pozzolan or slag, the results are used to establish minimum amounts of the specific pozzolan or slag needed to prevent deleterious expansion. Pozzolan or slag from a specific source can be tested individually or in combination with pozzolan or slag from other sources.4.4 When selecting a sample or deciding on the number of samples for test, it is important to recognize the variability in lithology of material from a given source, whether a deposit of sand, gravel, or a rock formation of any origin. For specific advice, see Guide C295/C295M.4.5 This test method is intended for evaluating the behavior of aggregates in concrete with an alkali (alkali metal oxide) content of 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] or in concrete containing pozzolan or slag with an alkali content proportionally reduced from 5.25 kg/m3 [8.85 lb/yd3] Na2O equivalent by the amount of pozzolan or slag replacing portland cement or portland-limestone cement. This test method assesses the potential for deleterious expansion of concrete caused by alkali-silica reaction, of either coarse or fine aggregates, from tests performed under prescribed laboratory curing conditions that will probably differ from field conditions. Thus, actual field performance will not be duplicated due to differences in concrete alkali content, wetting and drying, temperature, other factors, or combinations of these (5).4.6 Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions should be taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. For interpretation of test results, refer to Guide C1778.4.7 If the expansions in this test method are greater than the limit shown in Guide C1778, the aggregate or combination of aggregate with the tested amount of pozzolan or slag is potentially alkali-reactive. Supplemental information should be developed to confirm that the expansion is actually due to alkali-silica reaction. Petrographic examination of the concrete prisms should be conducted after the test using Practice C856/C856M to confirm that known reactive constituents are present and to identify the products of alkali-silica reactivity. Confirmation of alkali-silica reaction is also derived from the results of the test methods this procedure supplements (see Guide C1778).4.8 This test method does not address the general suitability of pozzolans or slag for use in concrete. These materials should comply with Specification C618, Specification C989/C989M, or Specification C1240.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of an aggregate or combination of an aggregate with pozzolan or slag for participation in expansive alkali-silica reaction by measurement of length change of concrete prisms.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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