13.1 For purposes of determining compliance with the specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in this specification, an observed value or calculated value shall be rounded in accordance with Practice E29.AbstractThis specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications. The bolts, cap screws, and studs shall be manufactured from material having a chemical composition conforming to the requirements specified. The fasteners shall be cold formed, hot formed, or machined from suitable material. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of fasteners: hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for commercial wrought nonferrous bolts, hex cap screws, and studs in nominal thread diameters M6 to M36 inclusive manufactured from a number of alloys in common use and intended for general service applications.1.2 Unless otherwise specified, nuts used on these bolts, cap screws, and studs shall conform to the requirements of Specification F467M. Nuts shall be of the same alloy group as the fastener on which they are used and shall have a specified minimum proof stress equal to or greater than the specified minimum tensile strength stress of the fastener on which they are used.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: This specification is the metric companion of Specification F468.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel metric hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread M 3 through M 20 intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance. These steels are designated into three classes: Austenitic Class A 1-50 in an annealed condition, Austenitic Class A1-55 in a cold worked condition, and Austenitic Class A 1-70 in a cold worked condition. The austenitic stainless steel socket screw shall be designated F879M A1-50, F879M A1–55, or F 879M A1-70. Screws shall be formed by upsetting or extruding, or both. Also, these screws shall be roll threaded. Austenitic alloys ClassA 1-50 screws, following manufacture, shall be annealed by heating to a certain temperature to obtain maximum corrosion resistance and minimum permeability. The screws shall be held for a sufficient time at temperature, then cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and provide the properties specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile strength, minimum extension, yield strength, elongation, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness.1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel inch hexagon socket button (SBHCS), flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread 0.060 through 0.625 in. and low head (SLHCS) cap screws with nominal thread 0.112 through 0.625 in. intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance.1.2 Two groups of austenitic stainless steel alloys and three conditions are covered. See Table 1 and Table 2.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel metric hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread M 3 through M 20 intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance. These steels are designated into three classes: Austenitic Class A 1-50 in an annealed condition, Austenitic Class A1-55 in a cold worked condition, and Austenitic Class A 1-70 in a cold worked condition. The austenitic stainless steel socket screw shall be designated F879M A1-50, F879M A1–55, or F 879M A1-70. Screws shall be formed by upsetting or extruding, or both. Also, these screws shall be roll threaded. Austenitic alloys ClassA 1-50 screws, following manufacture, shall be annealed by heating to a certain temperature to obtain maximum corrosion resistance and minimum permeability. The screws shall be held for a sufficient time at temperature, then cooled at a rate sufficient to prevent precipitation of the carbide and provide the properties specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile strength, minimum extension, yield strength, elongation, Vickers hardness, and Rockwell hardness.1.1 This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for stainless steel metric hexagon socket button (SBHCS) and flat countersunk (SFHCS) head cap screws with nominal thread M 3 through M 20 intended for use in applications requiring general corrosion resistance.1.2 The following three property classes are covered:1.2.1 Austenitic Class A1-50 in an annealed condition at 585 MPa maximum,1.2.2 Austenitic Class A1–55 in a cold worked condition at 550 MPa minimum, and1.2.3 Austenitic Class A1-70 in a cold-worked condition at 700 MPa minimum.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 12, Test Methods: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers the requirements for austenitic grade stainless steel socket set screws (SSS), sizes M1.6 through M24, having property classes A1-50 and A1-70. The analysis of the screw material shall conform to the chemical composition specified. Socket set screw shall be subjected to torque test, Vickers hardness test, and corrosion resistance test to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for austenitic grade stainless steel socket-set screws (SSS) sizes 0.060 through 1.000 in. square head set screws (SHSS) sizes 0.190 through 1.500 in., and slotted headless set screws (HSS) 0.060 through 0.750 in., in two conditions, AF and CW.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: A complete metric companion to Specification F880 has been developed—F880M; therefore, no metric equivalents are shown in this specification.1.3 The following hazards caveat pertains only to Test Method Section, Section 12 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for austenitic grade stainless steel socket set screws (SSS), sizes M1.6 through M24, having property classes A1-50 and A1-70. The analysis of the screw material shall conform to the chemical composition specified. Socket set screw shall be subjected to torque test, Vickers hardness test, and corrosion resistance test to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for austenitic grade stainless steel socket set screws (SSS), sizes M1.6 through M24, having Property Classes A1-50 and A1-70.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: This specification is the metric companion of Specification F880.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to Section 11, the Test Method Section: This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel socket-head cap screws. The screws shall be fabricated from steel made to fine grain practice and shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile or wedge strength, proof load, yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket-head cap screws, 0.060 through 4 in. in diameter where high strength is required.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 5.1, 5.6, 8, and 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel socket-head cap screws. The screws shall be fabricated from steel made to fine grain practice and shall be alloy steel conforming to the chemical composition specified. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following mechanical properties of screws: tensile or wedge strength, proof load, yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, and Vickers hardness.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for quenched and tempered alloy steel hexagon socket-head cap screws, 1.6 mm through 48 mm in diameter having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 1220 MPa.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.Note 1—This specification is the metric companion of Specification A574.1.3 The following hazard caveat pertains only to the test method portions, sections 5.1, 5.6, 8, and 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the testing of stainless steel, cobalt-based, and titanium-based bone screws for the determination of torsional yield strength, maximum torque, breaking angle, and torque versus angle of rotation. The described test method is intended to be used as a means of evaluating the mechanical properties of bone screws.

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4.1 Absorbable devices are intended to degrade and absorb over time once they are implanted into the body. This makes a removal operation unnecessary, which is especially advantageous for pediatric patients.4.2 While the polymer degrades due to hydrolytic reaction with the environment, the mechanical performance of the device also deteriorates. The key to developing mechanically effective fracture fixation systems based on absorbable devices is to provide an adequate level of fixation strength and stiffness for a time frame that exceeds that expected for fracture healing. Once the fracture is healed, the device can be completely absorbed by the body. The biological performance of the device, particularly for application at a bony site, may be enhanced by incorporation of bioactive fillers in the polymer.4.3 Absorbable devices will be tested using test methods that are similar to those used to evaluate conventional metallic devices. The pre-test conditioning requirements, handling requirements, and time-dependent mechanical property evaluations for absorbable devices shall be considered.4.4 This specification and accompanying test methods are intended to complement the more general considerations for the assessment of absorbable polymeric implants that are described within Guide F2902.FIG. 1 Screw Parameters1.1 This specification and test methods cover the mechanical characterization of plates and screws for orthopedic internal fixation. Covered devices are fabricated from one or more hydrolytically degradable polymer (from this point on referred to as “absorbable”) resins or resin composites.1.2 This specification establishes a common terminology to describe the size and other physical characteristics of absorbable implants and performance definitions related to the performance of absorbable devices.1.3 This specification establishes standard test methods to consistently measure performance-related mechanical characteristics of absorbable devices when tested under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.1.4 This specification may not be appropriate for all absorbable devices, especially those that possess limited hydrolytic susceptibility and degrade in vivo primarily through enzymatic action. The user is cautioned to consider the appropriateness of the standard in view of the particular absorbable device and its potential application.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is well known from examination of implants after use that plates and screws used for osteosynthesis are subjected to metal loss due to corrosion at the plate-screw interfaces. One of the mechanisms of this corrosive attack is fretting corrosion due to relative motion (micromotion) between the screw heads and plate-hole countersinks.4.2 It is also known that release of corrosion products into the tissues surrounding an implant may have adverse effects on local tissue or have systemic effects. Thus, it is important to minimize the amount of tissue exposure to corrosion products.4.3 Screws and plates are available in different configurations in accordance with Specifications F543 and F382. This test method may be used to evaluate the effects of different combinations of screw and plate designs. As new materials and device designs are developed for use in the treatment of fractured bones, it is important to determine the effects these developments have on the amount of metal loss due to fretting corrosion.4.4 This test method provides a standardized screening test for ranking metal plates and screws in terms of resistance to fretting corrosion and for determining the influence of different solutions on fretting corrosion rates.4.5 This test method may also be used to generate corrosion products either for chemical analysis of the products or for testing for biological reactions to corrosion products using animal or cell culture methods.4.6 It is well known that fretting corrosion rates depend on normal load or pressure, frequency, sliding amplitude, materials, surface treatments, and environmental factors. (4) Therefore, when determining the effect of changing one of these parameters (for example, material or environment), all others must be kept constant to facilitate interpretation of the results.1.1 This test method provides a screening test for determining the amount of metal loss from plates and screws used for osteosynthesis (internal fixation of broken bones) due to fretting corrosion in the contact area between the screw head and the plate hole countersink area. The implants are used in the form they would be used clinically. The machine described generates a relative motion between plates and screws which simulates one type of motion pattern that can occur when these devices are used clinically.1.2 Since the environmental and stress conditions used in this test method may not be identical to those experienced by bone plates in the human body, this test method may produce fretting corrosion rates that are lower or higher than those experienced in practice. The recommended axial load of 400 N was selected as being in a range where the amount of fretting corrosion is not sensitive to small changes in axial load (1).2 The combination of the recommended load and angular displacement are such that a measurable amount of fretting corrosion of surgical alloys occurs in a comparatively short period of time (7 to 14 days). (Refs 1-3)1.3 The device is designed so as to facilitate sterilization of the test specimens and test chambers to permit testing with proteinaceous solutions that would become contaminated with microbial growth in nonsterile conditions.1.4 The specimens used can be standard osteosynthesis implants or can be materials fabricated into the appropriate shapes.1.5 This test method may be used for testing the fretting corrosion of metal plates and screws of similar or different alloy compositions, or it may be used for testing the fretting corrosion of metal-nonmetal combinations. This test method may also be used for wear or degradation studies of nonmetallic materials. This test method may be used as a screening test to rank the corrosivities of saline or proteinaceous solutions, or to rank metal-to-metal couples for resistance to fretting corrosion, or to study other material combinations.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车