3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.1.3 Two test methods are included:1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of wood structural panels in shear through-the-thickness obtained by these test methods are required for the rigorous design of many lumber-panel structural components such as trusses with panel gussets, box beams, folded plate roofs, and space plane structures, as well as floor and roof diaphragms, and shear walls. These properties are of secondary importance in typical roof deck and sheathing applications, and in crates and shipping containers.3.2 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Average depth of knife checks has been found to strongly influence shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in veneer incorporated in composite panels. Measurement of depth of knife checks is recommended in these test methods.3.3 To control or define other variables influencing shear properties, these test methods require determination of moisture content and elapsed time to failure. The conditioning of test material in controlled atmosphere and determination of specific gravity are recommended.1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-thickness properties of wood structural panels associated with shear distortion of the major axis. Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers. Three test methods are included which differ somewhat in their application:  Test Method SectionA. Small Panel Shear Test 5B. Large Panel Shear Test 6C. Two-Rail Shear Test 7The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and experimental plan permit.1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform material including investigations of the effects of grain direction or orientation and of many raw materials and manufacturing process variables which influence shear properties uniformly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited for determining effects of grade and manufacturing features such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the specimen.1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of rigidity and is therefore recommended for elastic tests of materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures. This test method also yields excellent shear strength values for clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the specimen, failures generally occur only in narrow zones at the perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the heavy perimeter framing, causes this test method to be generally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as density variations, core gaps, and knots that are not uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in cases where effects of these factors under conditions of heavy perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be applied.1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test—This test method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and problems. The specimen fabrication and test procedures are somewhat simpler than in Test Methods A and B. The specimen is free to shear parallel to its 24-in. (610-mm) length dimension anywhere within the 8-in. (203-mm) width between rails. Thus, the test method is well suited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as core gaps and knots occupying and affecting small areas. The test method is not so ideally suited for determination of modulus of rigidity, but when adjusted for strain distribution effects, values approximating those obtained by Test Method B result. The test method simulates effects of heavy framing when expected planes of weakness are oriented perpendicular to rails and no framing at all when parallel to rails.NOTE 1: A smaller scale version based on the principles of this two-rail shear method is contained in Test Methods D1037 Section 27. The results from Test Methods D1037 Section 27 may not be equivalent to the results from Test Methods D2719 Method C.1.2 Significant differences, moderate to small in magnitude, among the three test methods have been found to exist when these test methods are applied to plywood of clear straight-grained veneers. Therefore, when comparisons are made among test results, it is recommended that the same test method be used throughout.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for use in a laboratory setting.5.2 This test method is used to evaluate the plateau force Ppl that an FRP composite can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism.5.3 The evaluation of the plateau force is intended to be made under consistent environmental conditioning and the tests conducted in ambient laboratory or otherwise consistent environmental conditions.5.4 This test can be used to determine the effective bond length leff of the FRP composite if different bonded lengths are tested with constant bonded width. The effective bond length leff is defined as the minimum bonded lengthnecessary to achieve the bond capacity Ppl for the width of FRP tested.5.5 This test can be used to determine the variation of the bond capacity with the bonded width bf if different bonded widths are tested while the bonded lengthis constant and greater than the effective bond length leff.5.6 This test is used to obtain the plot of the applied force versus loaded end (or global) slip of the composite with respect to the substrate. The loaded end slip is the average of two linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) readings, as described in 7.6. The plot obtained is used to determine the bond properties of the system.5.7 This test method can also serve as a means for uniformly preparing and testing standard specimens suitable for being subject to environmental conditioning and subsequently used to evaluate FRP-bonded-to-concrete system performance, and evaluating and reporting the results. The comparison of results from this test method conducted on identical specimens subject to different environmental conditioning protocols can be used to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the bond performance of FRP systems.1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure to evaluate the lap shear bond properties of wet lay-up or shop-fabricated (for example, pultruded) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite systems adhesively applied to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the plateau force that an FRP system can bear before complete debonding from a concrete prism tested using a direct single-lap shear test. This plateau force is reported as bond capacity and may be different from the maximum applied force. The plateau force is then used to determine the interfacial fracture energy and the cohesive material law.1.2 This test method is not intended for job approval or for product qualification purposes unless an external agency adopts the test method for those purposes.1.3 This test method is intended for use with adhesive-applied or wet lay-up FRP systems and is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP composite, although the test condition only considers forces in the direction parallel to the prism longitudinal axis.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is nondestructive and is commonly used for material characterization and development, design data generation, and quality control purposes. The test assumes that the properties of the specimen are perfectly isotropic, which may not be true for some refractory materials. The test also assumes that the specimen is homogeneous and elastic. Specimens that are micro-cracked are difficult to test since they do not yield consistent results. Specimens with low densities have a damping effect and are easily damaged locally at the impact point. Insulating bricks can generally be tested with this technique, but fibrous insulating materials are generally too weak and soft to test.4.2 For quality control use, the test method may be used for measuring only resonant frequencies of any standard size specimen. An elastic modulus calculation may not be needed or even feasible if the shape is nonstandard, such as a slide gate plate containing a hole. Since specimens will vary in both size and mass, acceptable frequencies for each shape and material must be established from statistical data.4.3 Dimensional variations can have a significant effect on modulus values calculated from the frequency measurements. Surface grinding may be required to bring some materials into the specified tolerance range.4.4 Since cylindrical shapes are not commonly made from refractory materials they are not covered by this test method, but are covered in Test Method C215.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the fundamental resonant frequencies for the purpose of calculating the dynamic Young’s modulus, the dynamic shear modulus (also known as the modulus of rigidity), and the dynamic Poisson’s ratio of refractory materials at ambient temperatures. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies, which are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic properties can be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable specimen can be measured. The dynamic Young’s modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration and the dynamic shear modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the torsional mode of vibration. Poisson’s ratio is computed from the dynamic Young’s modulus and the dynamic shear modulus.1.2 Although not specifically described herein, this method can also be performed at high temperatures with suitable equipment modifications and appropriate modifications to the calculations to compensate for thermal expansion.1.3 The values are stated in SI units and are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 By the nature of the way adhesives are used in two-ply wood construction, shear strength is an important performance criteria.4.2 Shear strength measured by this test method is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in materials-performance specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites can be candidate materials for structural applications requiring high degrees of wear and corrosion resistance, and damage tolerance at high temperatures.5.2 Shear tests provide information on the strength and deformation of materials under shear stresses.5.3 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, and design data generation.5.4 For quality control purposes, results derived from standardized shear test specimens may be considered indicative of the response of the material from which they were taken for given primary processing conditions and post-processing heat treatments.1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear strength of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) at ambient temperature. The test methods addressed are (1) the compression of a double-notched test specimen to determine interlaminar shear strength, and (2) the Iosipescu test method to determine the shear strength in any one of the material planes of laminated composites. Test specimen fabrication methods, testing modes (load or displacement control), testing rates (load rate or displacement rate), data collection, and reporting procedures are addressed.1.2 This test method is used for testing advanced ceramic or glass matrix composites with continuous fiber reinforcement having unidirectional (1D) or bidirectional (2D) fiber architecture. This test method does not address composites with 3D fiber architecture or discontinuous fiber-reinforced, whisker-reinforced, or particulate-reinforced ceramics.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.1 and 8.2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Explosive reactivity has resulted when parts made from some light alloys, typically high in aluminum and magnesium, are loaded under shear conditions while in contact with certain lubricants. A typical example is a threaded part, lubricated with a chlorofluorocarbon grease, pulled up normally tight.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate for explosive reactivity of various lubricants in the presence of aerospace alloys under high shear conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. In cases where materials, products, or equipment are available in inch-pound units only, SI units are omitted.1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Significance of Low-Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Engine Oil Rheology—The low-temperature, low-shear viscometric behavior of an engine oil determines whether the oil will flow to the sump inlet screen, then to the oil pump, then to the sites in the engine requiring lubrication in sufficient quantity to prevent engine damage immediately or ultimately after cold temperature starting.5.1.1 Two forms of flow problems have been identified,4 flow-limited and air-binding behavior. The first form of flow restriction, flow-limited behavior, is associated with the oil's viscosity; the second, air-binding behavior, is associated with gelation.5.2 Significance of the Test Method—The temperature-scanning technique employed by this test method was designed to determine the susceptibility of the engine oil to flow-limited and air-binding response to slow cooling conditions by providing continuous information on the rheological condition of the oil over the temperature range of use.4,5,7 In this way, both viscometric and gelation response are obtained in one test.NOTE 1: This test method is one of three related to pumpability related problems. Measurement of low-temperature viscosity by the two other pumpability Test Methods D3829 and D4684, hold the sample in a quiescent state and generate the apparent viscosity of the sample at shear rates ranging up to 15 sec-1 and shear stresses up to 525 Pa at a previously selected temperature. Such difference in test parameters (shear rate, shear stress, sample motion, temperature scanning, and so forth) can lead to differences in the measured apparent viscosity among these test methods with some test oils, particularly when other rheological factors associated with gelation are present. In addition, the three methods differ considerably in cooling rates.5.3 Gelation Index and Gelation Index Temperature—This test method has been further developed to yield parameters called the Gelation Index and Gelation Index temperature. The first parameter is a measure of the maximum rate of torque increase caused by the rheological response of the oil as the oil is cooled slowly. The second parameter is the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the apparent viscosity of engine oil at low temperatures.1.2 A shear rate of approximately 0.2 s-1 is produced at shear stresses below 100 Pa. Apparent viscosity is measured continuously as the sample is cooled at a rate of 1 °C/h over the range −5 °C to −40 °C, or to the temperature at which the viscosity exceeds 40 000 mPa·s (cP).1.3 The measurements resulting from this test method are viscosity, the maximum rate of viscosity increase (Gelation Index), and the temperature at which the Gelation Index occurs.1.4 Applicability to petroleum products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Shear tests provide information about the shear properties of plastic lumber when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. For many materials, there may be a specification that requires the use of this test method, but with some procedural-modifications that take precedence when adhering to the specification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that material specification before using this test method. Table 1 in Classification D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.Shear properties are limited to shear strength only. In the case of a material that fails in shear by a fracture, the shear strength has a very definite value. In the case of a material that does not fail in shear by a fracture, the shear strength is based on the maximum load carried by the test specimen. Many plastic lumber materials may not fail in the classic shear mode; that is, separation of the test specimen into two pieces by failure along the critical shear surface.Shear tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, design, quality control, acceptance, or rejection under specifications. The tests cannot be considered appropriate for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load-time scale of the standard test. Such applications may require additional tests, such as impact, creep, and fatigue.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mechanical properties of plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes when loaded in shear at relatively low uniform rates of straining or loading.1.2 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is nonhomogenous in the cross section. However, this test method would also be applicable to similarly manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or where the product is nonhomogenous in the cross section.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

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5.1 This test method is used to measure viscoelastic properties through the strain softening effects of a strain amplitude sweep (the Payne Effect).5.2 For the uncured state, the time conditioning and strain amplitude strain sweeps can relate to colloidal silica particle or carbon black deagglomeration from the mixing process. The profile of this Payne Effect from G’ storage modulus can also be a function of loading levels and particle size of these fillers in the rubber hydrocarbon medium. In addition, with silica and an organosilane additive, this G’ strain softening effect can determine if a given silanization reaction between a subject silica and an organosilane was achieved through reactive mixing. If the silanization reaction during the mixing was not achieved, the maximum G’ storage modulus from the strain sweep will not be lowered and the silica particle attraction to other silica particles will still be high resulting in a more dense filler network that remains.1.1 This test method covers the use of a sealed cavity rotorless oscillating shear rheometer for the measurement of the softening effects of rising sinusoidal strain when applied to an unvulcanized rubber compound containing significant amounts of colloidal fillers (such as silica or carbon black, or both) from a rubber mixing procedure. These strain softening properties relate to mixing conditions, the composition of the rubber compound, colloidal particle (Payne Effect) characteristics of the fillers, and in some cases the degree of reaction between an organosilane and precipitated, hydrated silica during mixing. This procedure is being commonly applied to rubber reactive mixing procedures.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Bacteria that exist in a biofilm are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. The study of biofilm in the laboratory requires protocols that account for this difference. Laboratory biofilms are engineered in growth reactors designed to produce a specific biofilm type. Altering system parameters will correspondingly result in a change in the biofilm. The purpose of this method is to direct a user in the laboratory study of biofilms by clearly defining each system parameter. This method will enable a person to grow, sample, and analyze a laboratory biofilm. The method was originally developed to study toilet bowl biofilms, but may also be utilized for research that requires a biofilm grown under moderate fluid shear.1.1 This test method is used for growing a reproducible (1)2 Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under medium shear conditions. In addition, the test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells.1.2 Although this test method was created to mimic conditions within a toilet bowl, it can be adapted for the growth and characterization of varying species of biofilm (rotating disk reactor—repeatability and relevance (2)).1.3 This test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log10 colony forming units per surface area (rotating disk reactor—efficacy test method (3)).1.4 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The flow behavior of many fluids of interest is non-Newtonian in nature. Non-Newtonian behavior is best studied using rheometry apparatus. Nonetheless, estimations on non-Newtonian behavior may be made by recording viscosity at differing rotational speeds (or shear rates) using rotational viscometers.5.2 The shear thinning index provides a tool for the estimation of the amount of non-Newtonian behavior.5.3 The shear thinning index may be used in quality assessment, trouble shooting, specification acceptance, and research.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the shear thinning index of a shear-rate dependent (non-Newtonian) fluid using a rotational viscometer. A value of the shear thinning index of unity indicates that the material is Newtonian in behavior. A value greater than unity indicates shear thinning behavior.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine the stress-strain properties of an adhesive in shear and to establish the proportional-limit of the stress-stain relationship. This data may be useful for the design and analysis of adhesively bonded joints.5.2 This test method is not intended to determine adhesion characteristics of an adhesive to a particular substrate; rather this test method is intended to characterize the adhesive shear stress-strain properties that may be relevant for design considerations.5.3 This test method has been developed and applied using bonded aluminum adherends. At this time no assumptions regarding the validity of this test method with non-aluminum adherends can be made.1.1 This test method covers the preparation and testing of thick-adherend lap-shear samples for the determination of the stress-strain behavior of adhesives.1.2 This test method covers data reduction and analysis of stress-strain curves obtained using thick-adherend lap-shear samples.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers standardizing the dimensions and materials for the manufacture of steel or cast iron shear plates used in the fabrication of connections in wood constructions. This specification covers the two basic diameters of metal shear plates commonly used in North American timber construction. Shear plates shall be free from any casting defects that would hinder normal installation and performance. Shear plates shall conform to the specified requirements for the following: (1) marking (2) nail attachment holes, (3) draft casting on the rim and on the hub, (4) central bolt or lag screw holes, (5) furnishing with or without galvanization, and (6) fit and finish. The geometry and dimensional requirements for stamped steel shear plates and cast iron shear plates are specified and illustrated.1.1 This specification covers standardizing the dimensions and materials for the manufacture of 25/8 and 4-in. diameter steel or cast iron shear plates used in the fabrication of connections in wood constructions. The referencing of this specification in design, construction, and purchase order documents gives the using parties assurance that the shear plates to be used in an assembly meet minimum materials quality standards and that dimensions for fabrication and finish can be relied on to ensure connection performance. This specification provides regulatory agencies with a set of standards by which to judge the acceptability of shear plates encountered in the field and in fabricators' shops.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Safety Hazards—There are no known hazards with the use of this specification. It is necessary that the products manufactured to this specification not be brittle or difficult to install with proper tools.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In-plane shear loading tests on flat sandwich constructions may be conducted to determine the sandwich panel in-plane shear stiffness, the face sheets’ in-plane strength, the core shear instability strength, or panel buckling response.5.2 This test method can be used to produce face sheet strength data for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development applications; it may also be used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels.5.3 Factors that influence the panel strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: face sheet material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, face sheet stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core shear and compressive strength, core shear and compressive stiffness, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, face sheet void content, adhesive void content, and face sheet volume percent reinforcement. Further, face sheet strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured face sheets of the same material.1.1 This test method covers determination of apparent in-plane shear strength and stiffness properties of flat sandwich constructions with composite face sheets. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).1.2 The square test specimen with corner notches is mechanically fastened to a pinned metal frame along each edge. The frame is loaded in uni-axial tension which produces tensile forces in the frame elements at a 45° angle to the applied tension. These tensile forces act along the edges of the specimen to cause a state of predominately shear stress to transfer the applied force through the specimen. Procedure A uses a specimen without edge doublers; Procedure B uses a specimen with four discrete edge doublers; Procedure C uses a specimen with a continuous edge doubler.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. .

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