5.1 Asphalt is a material used in the construction of roads and as a roofing material and sealant.5.2 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to asphalt fume in the working environment at the presently recommended exposure guidelines (for example, Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices, ACGIH).75.3 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58 to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.1.1 This test method covers the determination of asphalt fume particulate matter (as benzene soluble fraction) and total particulate matter weight in workplace atmospheres using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter methodology.1.2 This procedure has been adapted from NIOSH Method 5023 (withdrawn prior to 4th edition (1994) and replaced in 1998 with NIOSH Method 5042) and OSHA Method 58. This adaptation was made to reduce the level of background contamination providing better reproducibility.1.3 This procedure is compatible with high flow rate personal sampling equipment–0.5 to 2.0 L/min. It can be used for personal or area monitoring.1.4 The sampling method develops a time-weighted average (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term exposure limit (STEL).1.5 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/m3.NOTE 1: A study has suggested candidate solvents for benzene replacement.2 A less toxic solvent for this analysis would be more appropriate, although the substitution with a solvent other than benzene needs further validations with field data.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The test method is useful for determining the water-soluble materials in vegetable-tanned leathers.4.2 The water-soluble matter includes the soluble nontanning components of the tanning materials used, sugars and materials of a similar nature, and inorganic compounds such as Epsom salts, Glauber's salts, borax, and other soluble salts added during curing and tannery processing.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water-soluble materials in all types of vegetable-tanned leathers. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Where sulfates are suspected, subgrade soils should be tested as an integral part of a geotechnical evaluation because the possibility that sulfate induced heave may occur if calcium containing stabilizers are used to improve the soils and sulfate reactions may also cause deterioration in concrete structures. When planning to treat a soil used in construction with lime, testing the soil for water soluble sulfates prior to treatment becomes very important (Note 2).5.2 When sulfate containing cohesive soils are treated with calcium-based stabilizers for foundation improvements, sulfates and free alumina in natural soils react with calcium and free hydroxide to form crystalline minerals, such as ettringite and thaumasite.4 Thaumasite forms when ettringite undergoes changes in the presence of carbonates at low temperatures.5 The sulfate minerals expand considerably when they are hydrated.NOTE 2: For more information on the effect of treating soils containing water soluble sulfates, refer to the following publication: Little, D.N., Stabilization of Pavement Subgrades and Base Course with Lime, Kendal/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, IA, 1995.NOTE 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These methods determine the water soluble sulfate content of cohesive soils used in construction by using the colorimetric technique. Two methods are presented in this standard. Method A is for use in the field and Method B is for use in the laboratory. The colorimetric technique involves measuring the scattering of a light beam through a solution that contains suspended particulate matter. Measurements of sulfate concentrations in construction soils can be used to guide professionals in the selection of appropriate stabilization methods and to assist in assessment of potential deterioration in concrete structures.NOTE 1: These test methods are partially based on the research conducted by Texas A & M University.1.2 The field method, Method A, is used as a screening test for the presence of sulfates and their concentration. The laboratory method, Method B, provides better resolution than the field method.1.3 Ion chromatography is also an acceptable alternative method that can be used to evaluate results, however, it is outside the scope of this standard.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this test method.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Abrasive media may contain ionic contamination naturally (for example, beach sand), from manufacturing (quenching with contaminated water), transportation, storage or use (in the case of abrasive that is reused). Ionic contamination on the abrasive may transfer to the surface during abrasive blast cleaning, resulting in potential osmotic blistering, accelerated underfilm corrosion and premature coating failure.4.2 This test method describes a shop/field procedure for assessing the level of conductive species on an abrasive.4.3 Abrasive standards published by SSPC (AB) and ISO 11126 provide tolerance levels for water soluble contaminants of the abrasive.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for assessing blast cleaning abrasives for the presence of conductive-potential, ionic contaminants by determining the total concentration of water soluble conductive species using a conductivity test.1.2 This test method does not identify the ionic species present nor provide quantitative results on each species.1.3 This test method is based on a volume comparison among abrasives of similar sizes. A volume comparison is more closely related to surface area of the abrasives than is a weight comparison.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is suitable for all types of akalali-soluble resins. The resin manufacturer shall specify the percent ammonium hydroxide to be used (based on the equivalent weight of resin) and the maximum temperature to be used to achieve solution.1.1 This practice is a procedure for preparing solutions of alkali-soluble resins in aqueous ammonia and determining the characteristics of such solutions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Sediment in insulating oil may deposit on transformer parts and interfere with heat transfer and may choke oil ducts; thus hindering oil circulation and heat dissipation. Inorganic sediment usually indicates contamination of some type and organic sediment indicates either deterioration of the oil or contamination.Soluble sludge indicates deterioration of the oil, presence of contaminants, or both. It serves as a warning that formation of sediment may be imminent.The determination of sediment and soluble sludge in a used insulating oil assists in deciding whether the oil may continue to be used in its existing condition or should be replaced, reclaimed, or reconditioned.1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment and soluble sludge in service-aged insulating oils of petroleum origin. Also, provision is made for determining organic and inorganic content of the sediment. The method is intended primarily for oils of comparatively low viscosity; for example 5.7 to 13.0 cSt (mm2/s) at 40°C (104°F). Suitability for high viscosity oils have not been determined.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 The amount of acid-soluble chloride in most hydraulic-cement systems is equal to the total amount of chloride in the system. However, some organic substances that may be introduced into mortar or concrete contain chloride that is initially acid-insoluble that can eventually ionize and thus become acid-soluble or water-soluble after a period of exposure in the very alkaline cement system.4.2 Sulfides are known to interfere with the determination of chloride content. Blast-furnace slag aggregates and cements contain sulfide sulfur in concentrations that can cause such interference and produce erroneously high test results. Treatment with hydrogen peroxide, as discussed in Test Methods C114, is used to eliminate such interference.4.3 There are aggregates that contain chloride that is not available for corrosion. Such chloride will be detected by the use of this method.41.1 This test method2 provides procedures for the sampling and analysis of hydraulic-cement mortar or concrete for chloride that is acid soluble under the conditions of test. In most cases, acid-soluble chloride is equivalent to total chloride.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Water-insoluble materials present in a solvent expected to be completely water miscible may interfere with many uses of the solvent. This test method provides a measure of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with a polar medium-water. It also provides a qualitative indication of the presence or absence of water-immiscible contaminants.4.2 The results of this test method may be used in assessing compliance with a specification. Prior to agreeing to this test method as the basis of a specification requirement, it may be desirable that the interpretation of what constitutes cloudiness or turbidity be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the miscibility of water-soluble solvents with water. While written specifically for testing acetone, isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol), and methyl alcohol (methanol), the method is suitable for testing most water-soluble solvents.1.2 This test method serves to detect water-immiscible contaminants qualitatively; the level of detection of these impurities varies widely with both the type of solvent and the type of impurity.1.3 The level of detection of water-insoluble materials depends upon the solvent tested and the type of impurity or impurities present, that is paraffin, olefin, aromatic, high molecular weight alcohol, or ketone, etc. There is, therefore, no specific level of impurity detected by this procedure.NOTE 1: This test method is normally performed at ambient, but other temperatures may be used as specified by the consumer and supplier.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance, consult the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet for materials listed in this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method provides a simpler means for measuring the nitrogen content of nitrocellulose than the nitrometer described in Test Methods D 301. Under controlled conditions, the procedure described is capable of results equivalent to those obtained by the nitrometer.1.1 Test Methods D 301 for measuring nitrogen content in nitrocellulose by nitrometer are the accepted standard. However, the glassware is specialized and the precision is dependent on the development of a high level of skill by the operator. The ferrous-sulfate titration of nitrate is a classical procedure. By controlling critical variables and automating the actual titration, precision equivalent to the nitrometer can be achieved with nitrocellulose. This test method describes such a procedure. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

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Ash accounts for the nonsoluble, nonfilm forming portion of the polymer. It may affect solution clarity and film properties.1.1 These test methods cover the material known as soluble cellulose nitrate (also known as soluble nitrocellulose), which is shipped wet in conformance with regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections: SectionsAsh Drying Samples Nitrogen Stability Toluene Dilution Viscosity 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 12.2, 13.3, 16.1, and 16.2.

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4.1 Dichloromethane-soluble materials are typically referred to as extractives. These extractives are comprised of organic materials that originated in the wood or cotton. The measure is an indication of the efficiency of removal of these substances during pulping and bleaching. The extractive level is of concern to dissolving pulp users since the presence of large amounts of extractives could inhibit the processing of cellulose into the desired derivative.1.1 This test method covers the determination of dichloromethane-soluble matter in cellulose and is applicable to dissolving-type cellulose pulps prepared from cotton or wood.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers starch, dextrin, casein, resin base, and other liquid adhesives (excepting pressure-sensitive types) used for sealing the top flaps of fiberboard shipping cases. It includes provisions for adhesive selection based on satisfactory machining characteristics on specific equipment and adequate adhesion under specified storage conditions. The control of uniformity between lots of an adhesive selected on the above bases by limiting variations in nonvolatile content and viscosity is provided. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of liquid adhesives: nonvolatile content, consistency, bonding permanency, and water absorptiveness.1.1 This specification covers starch, dextrin, casein, resin base, and other liquid adhesives (excepting pressure-sensitive types) used for sealing the top flaps of fiberboard shipping cases. It includes provisions for adhesive selection based on: (1) satisfactory machining characteristics on specific equipment, and (2) adequate adhesion under specified storage conditions. This specification further provides for the control of uniformity between lots of an adhesive selected on the above bases by limiting variations in nonvolatile content and viscosity.1.2 This specification provides bases for adhesive selection as well as product uniformity control. Test methods are specified for measuring (1) nonvolatile content, (2) consistency, and (3) bonding permanency under specified storage conditions.1.3 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.

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4.1 The soluble salt content may be used to correct the index properties of soils such as water content, void ratio, specific gravity, degree of saturation, and dry density.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These test methods cover a rapid procedure for squeezing pore water from fine-grained soils for the purpose of determining the amount of soluble salts present in the extracted pore water.1.2 These test methods were developed for soils having a water content equal to or greater than approximately 14 %, for example, marine soils. An extensive summary of procedures for extracting pore water from soils has been presented by Kriukov and Manheim (1).21.3 These test methods are not generally applicable for determining the soluble salt content of the pore water extracted from coarse-grained soils, such as clean sands and gravels.1.4 Test Method A provides a procedure using a refractometer with a refraction index scale; Test Method B provides a procedure using a refractometer with a parts per thousand (ppt) scale.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by these test methods.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of these test methods to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering data.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Results obtained from the test method are used to serve a number of interests, including the indication of possible boiler tube fouling and possible furnace corrosion problems.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of water soluble sodium as sodium oxide (Na2O) and potassium as potassium oxide (K2O) in the analysis of coal samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This test method is derived in part from the ASME procedure water soluble alkalis.21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a means of determining sulfonate content and of classifying and characterizing natural and synthetic petroleum sulfonate products by sulfonate content and average molecular weight. Purity of sodium sulfonate products is measured by basicity and inorganic salt contents and the reserve alkalinity of alkaline earth sulfonates by the total base number.1.1 This test method covers the analysis of refined and crude natural and synthetic oil-soluble sulfonate products. Resins, if present, are recovered with the oil phase and carboxylates are recovered as sulfonates.1.2 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sodium sulfonate, inorganic salts, water, basicity or acidity, average molecular weight, and relative density of sodium sulfonate products.1.3 This test method covers the determination of mineral oil, sulfonate, water, base number, average molecular weight, and relative density of calcium, barium, magnesium, and ammonium sulfonate products.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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