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1.1 This guide provides information for the development of ASTM standards (guides, practices, terminology, test methods, and specifications) relating to recycling and the use of recycled plastics.1.2 This guide is directed to consumer, commercial, and industrial products made in whole or in part with recycled plastics or recovered plastic products.1.3 This guide addresses terminology, performance standards, specifications and their revisions, quality assurance, separation or segregation of products by classes, identification and labeling of generic classes of polymers, contaminants, fillers, designing for recycling, degradable plastics, and certification and percentages of recycled plastics.1.4 This guide does not address general parameters or factors involving the original manufacture of virgin polymers or the fabrication of consumer products from these virgin polymers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1--There is no equivalent ISO standard.

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4.1 To describe the uncertainties of a standard test method, precision and bias statements are required.3 The formulation of these statements has been addressed from time to time, and at least two standards practices (Practices E177 and E691) have been issued. The 1986 Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions (6)4 devotes several pages to these terms. This guide should not be used in cases where small numbers of test results do not support statistical normality. 4.2 The intent of this guide is to help analysts prepare and interpret precision and bias statements. It is essential that, when the terms are used, their meaning should be clear and easily understood. 4.3 Appendix X1 provides the theoretical foundation for precision and bias concepts and Practice E691 addresses the problem of sources of variation. To illustrate the interplay between sources of variation and formulation of precision and bias statements, a hypothetical data set is analyzed in Appendix X2. This example shows that depending on how the data was collected, different precision and bias statements are possible. Reference to this example will be found throughout this guide. 4.4 There has been much debate inside and outside the statistical community on the exact meaning of some statistical terms. Thus, following a number of the terms in Section 3 is a list of several ways in which that term has been used. This listing is not meant to indicate that these meanings are equivalent or equally acceptable. The purpose here is more to encourage clear definition of terms used than to take sides. For example, use of the term systematic error is discouraged by some. If it is to be used, the reader should be told exactly what is meant in the particular circumstance. 4.5 This guide is intended as an aid to understanding the statistical concepts used in precision and bias statements. There is no intention that this be a self-contained introduction to statistics. Since many analysts have no formal statistical training, it is advised that a trained statistician be consulted for further clarification if necessary. 1.1 This guide covers terminology useful for the preparation and interpretation of precision and bias statements. This guide does not recommend a specific error model or statistical method. It provides awareness of terminology and approaches and options to use for precision and bias statements. 1.2 In formulating precision and bias statements, it is important to understand the statistical concepts involved and to identify the major sources of variation that affect results. Appendix X1 provides a brief summary of these concepts. 1.3 To illustrate the statistical concepts and to demonstrate some sources of variation, a hypothetical data set has been analyzed in Appendix X2. Reference to this example is made throughout this guide. 1.4 It is difficult and at times impossible to ship nuclear materials for interlaboratory testing. Thus, precision statements for test methods relating to nuclear materials will ordinarily reflect only within-laboratory variation. 1.5 No units are used in this statistical analysis. 1.6 This guide does not involve the use of materials, operations, or equipment and does not address any risk associated. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is used for drafting impact test specification requirements, and it presupposes no special familiarity with statistical methods. It provides for specification values that will pass acceptable lots with a high degree of certainty. The impact test requirement is intended to discriminate between acceptable materials and manufacturing methods and those which are not; it is not a simulated service test.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for setting up impact test requirements on the basis of test data obtained by Test Method D2444.1.2 This practice is applicable to thermoplastic pipe and fittings.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge may constitute significant constraints on the fire-hazard-assessment procedure.4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-hazard-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also may apply to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.4.4 When developing fire-risk-assessment standards, use Guide E1776. The present guide also contains some of the guidance to develop such a fire-risk assessment standard.1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards.1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.1.3 Fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment are both procedures for assessing the potential for harm caused by something–the subject of the assessment–when it is involved in fire, where the involvement in fire is assessed relative to a number of defined fire scenarios.1.4 Both fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment provide information that can be used to address a larger group of fire scenarios. Fire-hazard assessment provides information on the maximum potential for harm that can be caused by the fire scenarios that are analyzed or by any less severe fire scenarios. Fire-risk assessment uses information on the relative likelihood of the fire scenarios that are analyzed and the additional fire scenarios that each analyzed scenario represents. In these two ways, fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment allow the user to support certain statements about the potential for harm caused by something when it is involved in fire, generally.1.5 Fire-hazard assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize maximum potential for harm under worst-case conditions. Fire-risk assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize overall risk (average severity) or to characterize the likelihood of worst-case outcomes. It is important that the user select the appropriate type of assessment procedure for the statements the user wants to support.1.6 Fire-hazard assessment is addressed in this guide and fire-risk assessment is addressed in Guide E1776.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.9 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide is intended to assist acoustical standards-writing groups in the preparation of laboratory accreditation annexes for acoustical test standards (see 4.2.1).

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1.1 This practice provides for the establishment and maintenance of calibration procedures for measuring and test equipment used for electrical insulating materials. It provides a framework of concepts and practices, with definitions and specifications pertaining to measurement, adequacy of standards, necessary environmental controls, tables of corrections, intervals of calibration, calibration procedures, calibration of standards, and personnel training system documentation.1.2 This practice is intended for control of the accuracy of the equipment used for measurements that are made in accordance with ASTM standards or other specified requirements.1.3 The values stated in metric units are regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound or English units are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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Preface This is the second edition of the CSA N285.6 Series, Material standards for reactor components for CANDU nuclear power plants. It supersedes the first edition published in 1988. This Standard is written in SI (metric) units. N285.6.1-05 Pr

定价： 1820元 / 折扣价： 1547 元

This guide has been prepared to aid in the writing of material standards using the Classification D 4000 format.1.1 This classification system covers ___ materials suitable for _____________. The inclusion or exclusion of recycled plastics in this classification system must be addressed here.1.2 The properties included in this standard are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified by using suffixes as given in Section 5.1.3 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this standard.NOTE 1: Insert Note 1 here to show the appropriate ISO equivalency statement.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this classification system: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to be used to assess competencies of qualified individuals who wish to become (a) certified in basic aircraft certification knowledge and (b) those who wish to earn advanced degrees as an aerospace engineering certification specialist through an accredited collegiate program.4.2 This guide is intended to be used in concert with a certification provider’s structure and materials for management, exam delivery, and candidate preparation.4.3 This can also be an educational steppingstone to becoming an individual designee or an organizational delegation authority unit member (UM), or both.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to address the fundamental subject and content knowledge requirements and outcomes of aircraft certification educational training courses for engineers and professionals in the aerospace industry. The content may be more broadly applicable. The standards envisioned within this guide are intended to be usable globally.1.2 Background—The standards envisioned within this guide are intended to be usable globally. There are certification requirements specific to each country’s respective civil aviation authority (CAA) (for example, published guidance from applicable CAA) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For example, some engineering approval processes vary from country to country. Regardless of an engineering process’s name or description, to the maximum extent possible, the standards to be developed from this guide should account for engineering approvals that support aircraft certification globally.1.2.1 Through education standards that are created and accepted by CAAs and industry, engineers and professionals in the aerospace industry will have the knowledge and skills necessary to successfully carry out aircraft design certification projects using these standards for professional training and curriculum accreditation. Compliance data will be developed by engineers who have gained foundational knowledge in aircraft certification through training developed according to globally recognized consensus standards.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

Update No. 1 was published as notification that this is now a National Standard of Canada This PDF includes Update No. 1 A165.1-04 Concrete block masonry units 1 Scope This Standard applies to concrete block masonry units made from cementitiou

定价： 637元 / 折扣价： 542 元

This specification covers steel castings, surface acceptance standards, magnetic particle and liquid penetrant inspection. Liquid penetrant inspection or magnetic particle inspection shall be used for nondestructive inspection. Personnel performing examination shall be qualified in accordance with an acceptable written procedure as agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. All relevant indications shall be evaluated in terms of the acceptance criteria. Individual relevant linear and nonlinear indications exceeding the specified acceptance levels shall be considered unacceptable.1.1 This specification covers acceptance criteria for the surface inspection of steel castings when nondestructively examined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection.1.2 This specification is to be used wherever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the acceptance standards for magnetic particle or liquid penetrant inspection shall be in accordance with Specification A903/A903M.1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in a nonconformance with this specification.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Any limitations in the availability of data, of appropriate test procedures, of adequate fire models, or in the advancement of scientific knowledge will place significant constraints upon the procedure for the assessment of fire hazard.4.3 The focus of this guide is on fire assessment standards for electrotechnical products. However, insofar as the concepts in this guide are consistent with those of Guide E1546, the general concepts presented also may be applicable to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings. Guide E2061 contains an example of how to use information on fire-test-response characteristics of electrotechnical products (electric cables) in a fire hazard assessment for a specific occupancy (rail transportation vehicle).4.4 A standard developed following this guide should not attempt to set a safety threshold or other pass/fail criteria. Such a standard should specify all steps required to determine fire hazard measures for which safety thresholds or pass/fail criteria can be meaningfully set by authorities having jurisdiction.1.1 This guide provides guidance on the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. For the purposes of this guide, products include materials, components, and end-use products.1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.5 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This PDF includes Update #2 1 Scope O437.0-1.1 This Standard pertains specifically to a class of mat-formed structural panelboards made predominantly of wood strands or wafers of a minimum and controlled length, a controlled thickness, and a variab

定价： 774元 / 折扣价： 658 元