5.1 Acceptance Testing—Option A1 of Test Method D2256 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. However, this statement is not applicable to knot and loop breaking force tests, tests on wet specimens, tests on oven-dried specimens, or tests on specimens exposed to low or high temperatures and should be used with caution for acceptance testing because factual information on between-laboratory precision and bias is not available.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Fundamental Properties—The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on yarn processing or conversion and on their end-use applications. Initial modulus is a measure of the resistance of the yarn to extension at forces below the yield point. The chord modulus is used to estimate the resistance to imposed strain. The breaking toughness is a measure of the work necessary to break the yarn.5.3 Comparison to Skein Testing—The single-strand method gives a more accurate measure of breaking force present in the material than does the skein method and uses less material. The skein-breaking force is always lower than the sum of the breaking forces of the same number of ends broken individually.5.4 Applicability—Most yarns can be tested by this test method. Some modification of clamping techniques may be necessary for a given yarn depending upon its structure and composition. To prevent slippage in the clamps or damage as a result of being gripped in the clamps, special clamping adaptations may be necessary with high modulus yarns made from fibers such as glass or extended chain polyolefin. Specimen clamping may be modified as required at the discretion of the individual laboratory providing a representative force-elongation curve is obtained. In any event, the procedure described in this test method for obtaining tensile properties must be maintained.5.5 Breaking Strength—The breaking strength of a yarn influences the breaking strength of fabrics made from the yarn, although the breaking strength of a fabric also depends on its construction and may be affected by manufacturing operations.5.5.1 Because breaking strength for any fiber-type is approximately proportional to linear density, strands of different sizes can be compared by converting the observed breaking strength to breaking tenacity (centinewtons per tex, grams-force per tex, or grams-force per denier).5.6 Elongation—The elongation of a yarn has an influence on the manufacturing process and the products made. It provides an indication of the likely stretch behavior of garment areas such as knees, elbows, or other points of stress. It also provides design criteria for stretch behavior of yarns or cords used as reinforcement for items such as plastic products, hose, and tires.5.7 Force-Elongation Curve—Force-elongation curves permit the calculation of various values, not all of which are discussed in this test method, such as elongation at break, elongation at specified force, force at specified elongation, initial elastic modulus which is resistance to stretching, compliance which is ability to yield under stress, and is the reciprocal of the elastic modulus, and area under the curve, a measure of toughness, which is proportional to the work done.NOTE 3: Force-elongation curves can be converted to stress-strain curves if the force is converted to unit stress, such as to centinewtons per tex, or pounds per square inch, or pascals, or grams-force per tex, or grams-force per denier, and the elongation is based on change per unit length.5.8 Knot and Loop Breaking Force—The reduction in breaking force due to the presence of a knot or loop is considered a measure of the brittleness of the yarn. Elongation in knot or loop tests is not known to have any significance and is not usually reported.5.9 Rate of Operation—In general, the breaking force decreases slightly as time-to-break increases.5.9.1 Operation of CRT, CRE, and CRL tension testing machines at a constant time-to-break has been found to minimize differences in test results between the three types of tension testing machines. When tensile tests are performed at a fixed time-to-break, then reasonable agreement in breaking force has generally been found to exist between CRT and CRE tension testing machines.4 Consistent results are also obtained between different manufacturers of CRL tension testing machines when they are operated at the same time-to-break. The agreement is not necessarily good, however, between CRE or CRT tension testing machines on the one hand and CRL tension testing machines on the other even when they are all operated at the same time-to-break. The CRE-type tester is the preferred tension testing machine.5.9.2 This test method specifies an average time-to-break of 20 ± 3 s as recommended by Specification D76/D76M. It also provides for alternate speeds, such as 300 ± 10 mm [12 ± 0.5 in.]/min when using a 250-mm [10-in.] gauge length. See 9.2.5.9.3 The tolerance of ±3 s for the time-to-break is wide enough to permit convenient adjustment of the tension testing machine's rate of operation, and it is narrow enough to ensure good agreement between tests. The difference in breaking force between tests at 17 and 23 s will usually not exceed 1.5 % of the higher value.5.9.4 In case a tension testing machine is not capable of being operated at 20-s time-to-break, alternative rates of operation are included in this test method. These alternative rates may be used only by agreement between the parties concerned or when required in an applicable material specification.5.10 Tests on Wet Specimens—Tests on wet specimens are usually made only on yarns which show a loss of breaking force when wet or when exposed to high humidity, for example, yarns made from animal fibers and man-made fibers based on regenerated and modified cellulose. Wet tests are made on flax yarns to detect adulteration by failure to show a gain in breaking force.5.11 Tests on Oven-Dried Specimens and Specimens at High Temperatures—Tests on oven-dried specimens at standard or high temperatures are usually made only on yarns that will be used at high temperatures or will be used under very dry conditions which will affect the observed breaking force, for example, on rayon yarns intended for use in tire cords and yarns for other industrial purposes. Note that results obtained when testing oven-dried specimens at standard temperature will not necessarily agree with the results obtained when testing oven-dried yarns at high temperatures.5.12 Tests on Specimens at Low Temperatures—Tests on specimens exposed to low temperatures are usually made only on yarns that will be used at low temperatures, for example, yarns used in outerwear designed for cold climates or outer-space situations. Low-temperature tests are made on coated yarns used in the manufacture of materials used in outdoor applications, such as screening fabrics.1.1 This test method covers the determination of tensile properties of monofilament, multifilament, and spun yarns, either single, plied, or cabled with the exception of yarns that stretch more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 0.05 to 1.0 cN/tex [0.5 to 1.0 gf/tex].1.2 This test method covers the measurement of breaking force and elongation of yarns and includes directions for the calculation of breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, and breaking toughness.1.2.1 Options are included for the testing of specimens in: (A) straight, (B) knotted, and (C) looped form.1.2.2 Conditions of test are included for the testing of specimens that are: (1) conditioned air, (2) wet, not immersed, (3) wet, immersed, (4) oven-dried, (5) exposed to elevated temperature, or (6) exposed to low temperature.NOTE 1: Special methods for testing yarns made from specific fibers; namely, glass, flax, hemp, ramie, and kraft paper and for specific products; namely, tire cords and rope, have been published: Test Methods D885, and Specification D578.NOTE 2: For directions covering the determination of breaking force of yarn by the skein method refer to Test Method D1578.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Prestressing steel strand is used in pre-tensioned and post-tensioned concrete construction.5.2 In pre-tensioned concrete applications, the prestressing steel strand is expected to transfer prestressing forces to the structural member by means of the adhesion (that is, bond) of the exposed wire strand surfaces to the surrounding cementitous material.5.3 Manufacturing processes, subsequent handling, and storage conditions can influence the strand bond.5.4 Prestressing steel strand is used in construction applications with a variety of concrete mixtures. Developing tests and threshold values for the performance of the strand in each of these unique mixtures is impractical.1.1 This test method describes procedures for determining the bond of seven-wire steel prestressing strand. The bond determined by this test method is stated as the tensile force required to pull the strand through the cured mortar in a cylindrical steel casing. The result of the test is the tensile force measured on the loaded-end of the strand corresponding to a movement of 0.1 in. [2.5 mm] at the free-end of the strand.1.2 This test method is applicable either in inch-pound units (as Test Method A1081) or SI units (as Test Method A1081M).1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or in SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers five grades of aluminum-coated, steel wire strand composed of a number of round, steel wires, with aluminum coatings, for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposed. The five grades are as follows: (1) utilities; (2) common; (3) Siemens-Martin; (4) high-strength; and (5)extra high-strength. The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially steel making process, The ingot or pig aluminum used for coating shall conform to the required impurity limits of copper and iron. All wires shall be stranded with uniform tension. Physical tests shall be performed wherein the steel wire strands shall conform to the required values of breaking strength. The steel specimens shall also conform to the required values of elongation, diameter and weight of coating.1.1 This specification covers five grades of aluminum-coated, steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, with aluminum coatings, for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes.1.2 The five grades covered are as follows:1.2.1 Utilities,1.2.2 Common,1.2.3 Siemens-Martin,1.2.4 High-Strength, and1.2.5 Extra High-Strength.1.3 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade are specified in Table 1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers five grades of zinc-coated, steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, with four weights of zinc coatings, suitable for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes. The five grades covered are as follows: utilities, common, Siemens-Martin, high-strength, and extra high-strength. The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially accepted steel making process and of such quality and purity that, when drawn to the size of wire specified and coated with zinc, the finished strand and the individual wires shall be of uniform quality and have the properties and characteristics as prescribed in this specification. Strands shall have a left lay and all wires shall be stranded with uniform tension and be sufficiently close. The finished strand shall meet the requirements according to the specified approximate weight per unit length of strand against minimum breaking strength, elongation, and ductility of steel. The zinc-coated wire shall be capable of being wrapped in a close helix without cracking or delaminating the zinc coating. Joints in the wires composing the strand shall be either the brazed-lap type or electric-butt-welded type shall be coated with zinc after completion so that the joints have protection from corrosion equivalent to that of the zinc-coated wire itself.1.1 This specification covers five grades of metallic-coated, steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, with four weights of metallic coatings, and four types of metallic coatings, suitable for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes.1.2 The five grades covered are as follows:1.2.1 Utilities,1.2.2 Common,1.2.3 Siemens-Martin,1.2.4 High-Strength, and1.2.5 Extra High-Strength.1.2.6 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade are described in Section 7.1.3 The four weights of metallic coatings are: Class 1 and Classes A, B, and C. Minimum weights of metallic coatings are described in Section 10.1.4 The four types of metallic coatings are type 1, 2, 5, and 10 as defined in Section 3.1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This specification addresses minimum performance criteria for adhesives used to laminate oriented strand board (OSB) structural panel facing material to expanded or extruded polystyrene core materials. Adhesive performance is based on tests that simulate exposure to moisture, temperature, seasonal weathering, and creep. Additionally, the adhesive is to demonstrate resistance to oxidation, mold, chemical reagents, and compatibility to the specific laminating materials.4.2 The adhesive manufacturers can use this specification for new product development and quality control purposes.4.3 Structural insulated panel manufacturers rely on an adhesive performance specification that determines its suitability before use.4.4 Performance of the SIP adhesive when evaluated in accordance with this specification aids in determining the suitability of the adhesive for laminating OSB facings to rigid cellular polystyrene core materials in the manufacture of structural insulated panels.AbstractThis specification addresses the physical, chemical and test requirements for structural insulated panel (SIP) adhesives suitable for the bonding of oriented strand boards (OSB) to rigid cellular polystyrene thermal insulation core materials for general structural use. Douglas-fir to Douglas-fir assemblies shall pass the following qualification requirements when tested in accordance with referenced ASTM documents enumerated herein: block shear strength (dry shear, soak/re-dry, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance); tensile strength (dry tensile bond strength, soak/re-dry, and mold resistance); and creep resistance. OSB to core to OSB assemblies shall, alternatively, be tested and pass shear strength and tensile (flat wise) bond strength requirements as well.1.1 This specification is designed to evaluate adhesives suitable for the bonding of oriented strand board (OSB) to rigid cellular polystyrene insulation core materials for general structure use.1.2 The requirements of the structural insulated panel (SIP) adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive as measured by:1.2.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading in ambient conditions and after accelerated aging.1.2.2 Resistance to tensile loading in ambient conditions and after accelerated aging.1.2.3 Resistance to creep (deformation) under static load in ambient conditions and after accelerated aging.1.2.4 Tensile and shear strength to polystyrene core materials.1.3 The classification of the adhesive formulation is based on, but not limited to the adhesive’s industry accepted generic names, for example: phenol-resorcinol, emulsion polymer isocyanate, one and two-part urethane. The type of adhesive application and curing terminology are also usually included for classification purposes such as cold-setting phenol resorcinol, heat-cured phenol resorcinol, and hot melt one component urethane.1.4 Evaluation of adhesive performance at high temperature conditions, such as during a fire exposure, is beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers low-relaxation, seven-wire, Grade 240 [1655], stainless steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. Grade 240 [1655] has a minimum tensile strength of 240 ksi [1655 MPa] based on the nominal area of the strand.1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A1114) or in SI units (as Specification A1114M).1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with this specification, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers five grades of zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal (Zn-5 Al-MM) alloy-coated, steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, with four weights of Zn-5 Al-MM alloy coatings, suitable for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes. The five grades covered are: utilities; common; Siemens-Martin; high-strength; and extra high-strength. The four weights covered here are Classes 1, A, B, and C. The base metal shall be steel made by any commercially accepted steel making process. The bath metal used in continuous hot-dip Zn-5 Al-MM alloy-coating shall meet the chemical composition limits specified. The determination of chemical composition shall be made in accordance to the required specifications. Breaking strength test, elongation test, and ductility test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers five grades of zinc-5 % aluminum-mischmetal (Zn-5 Al-MM) alloy-coated, steel wire strand, composed of a number of round, steel wires, with four weights of Zn-5 Al-MM alloy coatings, suitable for use as guys, messengers, span wires, and for similar purposes. The product is intended for applications requiring corrosion resistance and formability.1.2 The five grades covered are as follows:1.2.1 Utilities,1.2.2 Common,1.2.3 Siemens-Martin,1.2.4 High-strength, and1.2.5 Extra high-strength,1.2.6 Minimum breaking strengths of strand for each grade are described in Section 7.1.3 The four weights of coatings are: Class1 and Classes A, B, and C. Minimum weights of Zn-5 Al-MM alloy are described in Section 10.1.4 This specification is applicable to orders in either inch-pound units (as A855) or acceptable SI units (as A855M). Inch-pound units and SI units are not necessarily equivalent.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 A common result of cellular stress is an increase in DNA damage. DNA damage may be manifest in the form of base alterations, adduct formation, strand breaks, and cross linkages (19). Strand breaks may be introduced in many ways, directly by genotoxic compounds, through the induction of apoptosis or necrosis, secondarily through the interaction with oxygen radicals or other reactive intermediates, or as a consequence of excision repair enzymes (20-22). In addition to a linkage with cancer, studies have demonstrated that increases in cellular DNA damage precede or correspond with reduced growth, abnormal development, and reduced survival of adults, embryos, and larvae (16, 23, 24).5.1.1 The Comet assay can be easily utilized for collecting data on DNA strand breakage (9, 25, 26). It is a simple, rapid, and sensitive method that allows the comparison of DNA strand damage in different cell populations. As presented in this guide, the assay facilitates the detection of DNA single strand breaks and alkaline labile sites in individual cells, and can determine their abundance relative to control or reference cells (9, 16, 26). The assay offers a number of advantages; damage to the DNA in individual cells is measured, only extremely small numbers of cells need to be sampled to perform the assay (<10 000), the assay can be performed on practically any eukaryotic cell type, and it has been shown in comparative studies to be a very sensitive method for detecting DNA damage (2, 27) .5.1.2 These are general guidelines. There are numerous procedural variants of this assay. The variation used is dependent upon the type of cells being examined, the types of DNA damage of interest, and the imaging and analysis capabilities of the lab conducting the assay. To visualize the DNA, it is stained with a fluorescent dye, or for light microscope analysis the DNA can be silver stained (28). Only fluorescent staining methods will be described in this guide. The microscopic determination of DNA migration can be made either by eye using an ocular micrometer or with the use of image analysis software. Scoring by eye can be performed using a calibrated ocular micrometer or by categorizing cells into four to five classes based on the extent of migration (29, 30) . Image analysis systems are comprised of a CCD camera attached to a fluorescent microscope and software and hardware designed specifically to capture and analyze images of fluorescently stained nuclei. Using such a system, it is possible to measure the fluorescence intensity and distribution of DNA in and away from the nucleus (8). Using different procedural variants, the assay can be utilized to measure specific types of DNA alterations and DNA repair activity (1, 3, 8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18). Alkaline lysis and electrophoresis conditions are used for the detection of single-stranded DNA damage, whereas neutral pH conditions facilitate the detection of double-strand breaks (31). Various sample treatments can be used to express specific types of DNA damage, or as in one method, to preserve strand damage at sites of DNA repair (10). Nuclease digestion steps can be used to introduce strand breaks at specific lesion sites. Using this approach, oxidative base damage can be detected by the use of endonuclease III (18), as well as DNA modifications resulting from exposure to ultraviolet light (UV) through the use of T4 endonuclease V (3). Modifications of this type vastly expand the utility of this assay and are good examples of its versatility.5.2 A sufficient knowledge of the biology of cells examined using this assay should be attained to understand factors affecting DNA strand breakage and the distribution of this damage within sampled cell populations. This includes, but is not limited to, influences such as cell type heterogeneity, cell cycle, cell turnover frequency, culture or growth conditions, and other factors that may influence levels of DNA strand damage. Different cell types may have vastly different background levels of DNA single-strand breaks due to variations in excision repair activity, metabolic activity, anti-oxidant concentrations, or other factors. It is recommended that cells representing those to be studied using the SCG/Comet assay be examined under the light or fluorescent microscope using stains capable of differentially staining different cell types. Morphological differences, staining characteristics, and frequencies of the different cell types should be noted and compared to SCG/Comet damage profiles to identify any possible cell type specific differences. In most cases, the use of homogenous cell populations reduces inter-cell variability of SCG/Comet values. The procedures for this assay, using cells from many different species and cell types, have been published previously (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 32-38). These references and others should be consulted to obtain details on the collection, handling, storage, and preparation of specific cell types.5.3 The experimental design should incorporate appropriate controls, reference samples, and replicates to delineate the influence of the major sources of experimental variability.1.1 This guide covers the recommended criteria for performing a single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCG) or Comet assay for the measurement of DNA single-strand breaks in eukaryotic cells. The Comet assay is a very sensitive method for detecting strand breaks in the DNA of individual cells. The majority of studies utilizing the Comet assay have focused on medical applications and have therefore examined DNA damage in mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo (1-4).2 There is increasing interest in applying this assay to DNA damage in freshwater and marine organisms to explore the environmental implications of DNA damage.1.1.1 The Comet assay has been used to screen the genotoxicity of a variety of compounds on cells in vitro and in vivo (5-7), as well as to evaluate the dose-dependent anti-oxidant (protective) properties of various compounds (3, 8-11). Using this method, significantly elevated levels of DNA damage have been reported in cells collected from organisms at polluted sites compared to reference sites (12-15). Studies have also found that increases in cellular DNA damage correspond with higher order effects such as decreased growth, survival, and development, and correlate with significant increases in contaminant body burdens (13, 16).1.2 This guide presents protocols that facilitate the expression of DNA alkaline labile single-strand breaks and the determination of their abundance relative to control or reference cells. The guide is a general one meant to familiarize lab personnel with the basic requirements and considerations necessary to perform the Comet assay. It does not contain procedures for available variants of this assay, which allow the determination of non-alkaline labile single-strand breaks or double-stranded DNA strand breaks (8), distinction between different cell types (13), identification of cells undergoing apoptosis (programmed cell death, (1, 17)), measurement of cellular DNA repair rates (10), detection of the presence of photoactive DNA damaging compounds (14), or detection of specific DNA lesions (3, 18) .1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This guide is arranged as follows:  Section  1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Guide 4 5Equipment and Reagents 6Assay Procedures 7Treatment of Data 8Reporting Data 9Keywords 10Annex Annex A1References  1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers filled epoxy-coated seven-wire prestressing steel strands with protective fusion-bonded epoxy coating applied by the electrostatic deposition method. This specification also covers relaxation loss limits for filled epoxy coated strands. Prestressing steel strands shall be free of contaminants such as oil, grease, or paint. Steel strand surfaces shall be cleaned to meet coating requirements, such as coating thickness, coating continuity, coating adhesion, coating composition, and coating bond with concrete or grout. Smooth or grit-impregnated coating shall be applied by the electrostatic deposition method or other method that will meet the coating requirements. Pullout tests shall be performed three times annually or maybe repeated if the coating failed to meet the requirements.1.1 This specification covers seven-wire steel prestressing strand with protective fusion-bonded epoxy powder coating applied by the electrostatic deposition method or other suitable method, with the interstices of the seven wires filled with epoxy to minimize migration of corrosive media, either by capillary action or other hydrostatic forces.NOTE 1: The manufacturer as identified throughout this specification is the coating applicator.1.2 A supplementary requirement (S1) is provided for use where bond strength testing of 0.600-in. [15.24-mm] diameter grade 270 [1860] epoxy-coated strand for applications in prestressed ground anchors is required by the purchaser. The supplementary requirement applies only when specified in the purchase order or contract.1.3 Requirements for epoxy powder coatings are contained in Annex A1.1.4 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.5 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A882) or SI units [as Specification A882M].1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

This specification covers seven-wire uncoated, indented, stress-relieved carbon steel strands for use in pre-stressed concrete construction. Wire dimensions, indentations, and mechanical properties shall be in accordance to the values specified in this specification. The carbon steel strand is produced to satisfy only the specified mechanical properties, this specification contains no information on the chemical composition of the wires.1.1 This specification covers two types and two grades of indented seven-wire uncoated, steel strand for use in prestressed concrete construction. The two types of strand are low-relaxation and stress-relieved (normal-relaxation). Grade 250I [1725I] and Grade 270I [1860I] have minimum tensile strengths of 250 ksi [1725 MPa] and 270 ksi [1860 MPa], respectively, based on the nominal area of the strand.1.2 This specification is applicable for orders in either inch-pound units (as Specification A886) or in SI units (as Specification A886M).1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the specification.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers zinc-coated parallel and helical steel wire structural strands for use where a high-strength, high-modulus, multiple-wire tension member is desired as a component part of a structure. Breaking strength is expressed as Grade 1 or 2, while, coating weight is expressed as Class A, B, or C. Strands shall be furnished with Class A weight zinc-coated wires throughout, but may be furnished with Class B or C weight wires as well where additional corrosion protection is required. The base metal shall be carbon steel manufactured by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process Finished strands and the hard-drawn individual zinc-coated wires shall be coated by the hot-dip or electrolytic process. Specimens shall be tested and conform to values of the following physical requirements: nominal diameter, stress at specified extension under load, tensile strength, total elongation, ductility, and coating weight and adherence.1.1 This specification covers metallic-coated steel wire structural strand, for use where a high-strength, high-modulus, multiple-wire tension member is desired as a component part of a structure. The strand is available with parallel or helical wire construction.1.1.1 The strand is available with several metallic coating classes and with two strength grades, as described in Section 4.1.2 The strand is furnished with Class A weight zinc or zinc-aluminum alloy-coated wires throughout. It can be furnished with Class B weight or Class C weight zinc-coated outer wires as an option.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers minimum performance standards and test requirements for gap-filling construction adhesives for field-gluing plywood to lumber framing for floor systems. The adhesive shall conform to the strength and durability properties prescribed. The different methods for specimen's preparation are presented in details. The shear strength, gap-filling effect on strength, and durability shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers minimum performance standards and test requirements for gap-filling construction adhesives for bonding wood structural panels consisting of plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) to wood based floor system framing, particularly dimension lumber or wood I-joists, at the construction site.1.2 This specification provides a basis for ensuring the quality of the adhesives and is not intended as an application specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车