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5.1 This method for investigating creep rupture of FRP bars is intended for use in laboratory tests in which the principal variable is the size or type of FRP bars, magnitude of applied force, and duration of force application. Unlike steel reinforcing bars or prestressing tendons subjected to significant sustained stress, creep rupture of FRP bars may take place below the static tensile strength. Therefore, the creep rupture strength is an important factor when determining acceptable stress levels in FRP bars used as reinforcement or tendons in concrete members designed to resist sustained loads. Creep rupture strength varies according to the type of FRP bars used.5.2 This test method measures the creep rupture time of FRP bars under a given set of controlled environmental conditions and force ratios.5.3 This test method is intended to determine the creep rupture data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. The primary test result is the million-hour creep rupture capacity of the specimen.5.4 Creep properties of reinforced, post-tensioned, or prestressed concrete structures are important to be considered in design. For FRP bars used as reinforcing bars or tendons, the creep rupture shall be measured according to the method given herein.1.1 This test method outlines requirements for tensile creep rupture testing of fiber reinforced polymer matrix (FRP) composite bars commonly used as tensile elements in reinforced, prestressed, or post-tensioned concrete.1.2 Data obtained from this test method are used in design of FRP reinforcements under sustained loading. The procedure for calculating the one-million hour creep-rupture capacity is provided in Annex A1.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test Method D1294 for the determination of tensile strength may be used for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool, but caution is advised since technicians may fail to get good agreement between results. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 This test method is useful in studying the relationship between fiber strength and product quality; results should be considered comparative rather than fundamental since the strength found will be lower than the sum of the strengths of the individual fibers present due to slight differences in tensioning.5.3 Elongation may be obtained also but the accuracy of elongation measurements is limited and their determination is, therefore, not included as a formal part of this test method.5.4 The basic differences between the procedures employed in this test method and those of Test Method D2524 are in the gage lengths employed and the methods of clamping. In Test Method D2524, specific clamps are required whereas in Test Method D1294, any conventional clamps may be used. Results for breaking load determined by Test Method D2524 average 30 % higher than those obtained by Test Method D1294.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking force (or load) and estimation of the tensile strength and tenacity of wool fiber bundles with a 1-in. (25.4 mm) gage length. A procedure for preparation of the fiber bundle is included.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Because the instrument is calibrated in inch-pound units, inch-pound units are shown first, contrary to Committee D13 policy.NOTE 1: For other methods of measuring breaking tenacity of fiber bundles, refer to Test Methods D1445 and D2524.NOTE 2: This test method can be used for other fibers that lend themselves to the same kind of preparation but the difference in density must be taken into account when calculating the tensile strength. It is not necessary to know or correct for the density of a fiber when calculating breaking tenacity.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.1.1 This test method determines the open-hole tensile strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Boom sections are frequently combined into assemblages hundreds of meters in length prior to towing through the water to a spill site. The friction of moving long boom assemblages through the water can impose high tensile stresses on boom segments near the tow vessel.5.2 Tensile forces are also set up in a boom when it is being towed in a sweeping mode. The magnitude of this tensile force can be related to the immersed depth of the boom, the length of boom involved, the width of the bight formed by the two towing vessels, and the speed of movement.NOTE 1: When the towing speed exceeds about 1 knot (0.5 m/s), substantial oil will be lost under the boom.5.3 Knowledge of maximum and allowable working tensile stresses will help in the selection of boom for a given application and will permit specification of safe towing and anchoring conditions for any given boom.1.1 These test methods cover static laboratory tests of the strength of oil spill response boom under tensile loading.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface preparations, and substrates may be compared by using this test method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation, and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength properties using only one set of test conditions may be obtained.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other properties of the adhesive.4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.3.4 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons must be made with great caution since different adhesives may respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 for further discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of adhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractFormerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F16 on Fasteners,this specification was withdrawn in May 2016 and replaced by Specification for High Strength Structural Bolts, Steeland Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 120 ksi (830 MPa) and 150 ksi (1040MPa) Minimum Tensile Strength, Inch and Metric Dimensions. Specification supersedes and replaces specifications; A325, A325M, A490, A490M, F1852 and F2280. The unified Specification corrects known inconsistencies in the original documents and the combination will assure that requirements of the products covered under the original standards stay aligned. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’sDocument Summary page on ASTM website.

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5.1 Rock is much weaker in tension than in compression. Thus, in determining the failure condition for a rock structure, many investigators employ the tensile strength of the component rock as the failure strength for the structure. Direct tensile stressing of rock is the most basic test for determining the tensile strength of rock. However, direct tensile tests will typically break at the weakest link along the longitudinal axis of the specimen, whether it is the rock substance or any discontinuity that is weaker than the adjacent rock substance. Unless the purpose of the direct tension tests is to get the strength across discontinuities the test results are on the conservative side and are more representative of the tensile strength at the rock substance scale. See Note 2 for additional significance and use information.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by these practices is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of these practices are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the direct tensile strength of the rock substance or discontinuities normal to the longitudinal axis of intact, isotropic cylindrical rock specimens at room temperature.1.2 Non-isotropic or even transversely isotropic specimens are not covered by this standard.1.3 Cylindrical rock specimens can be drill core from the field or rock blocks transported to the laboratory and drill core specimen obtained there.1.4 Specimen shapes other than cylindrical specimens, such as dog bone-shaped, are not covered by this standard.1.5 Test specimens may be tested under constant load or deformation rate.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values provided in parenthesis are for information only.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In a sandwich panel, core-to-facing bond integrity is necessary to maintain facing stability and permit load transfer between the facings and core. This test method can be used to provide information on the strength and quality of core-to-facing bonds. It can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for the core material. While it is primarily used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels, it can also be used to produce flatwise tensile strength data for structural design properties, material specifications, and research and development applications.5.2 Factors that influence the flatwise tensile strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facing material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facing stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size, cell wall thickness), core density, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facing void content, adhesive void content, and facing volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include flatwise tensile strength.1.1 This test method determines the flatwise tensile strength of the core, the core-to-facing bond, or the facing of an assembled sandwich panel. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The strip test in this test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing (that is, conformance to a specification) of commercial shipments of rolled erosion control products, since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of disagreement arising from differences in reported test values when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. At a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results in the light of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers strip test procedures for determining the tensile properties of rolled erosion control products (RECPs).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not apply to RECPs made of composite materials where the component providing the reinforcement cannot be tested for tensile strength with the procedure herein described. In this case, the established ASTM testing method which is most appropriate for that material shall be used instead.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The tensile strength test gives a reliable indication of the quality of the leather. Improperly lubricated and partially degraded leathers give low values for tensile strength. The orientation of the specimen in relation to the backbone and the location of the specimen on the hide influence the results significantly. This test method is excellent for development, control, specification acceptance, and service evaluation of leather. This test method may not apply when the conditions of test employed differ widely from those specified in the test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the load required to rupture a leather test specimen having a 1/2-in. (12.7-mm) width. The load to rupture divided by the original unstretched cross-sectional area gives the tensile strength. It may be used for all types of leather that are smooth and firm enough to permit accurate thickness measurements. This test method does not apply to wet blue.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The high axial-tensile strength and the low transverse-compressive strength of pultruded rod combine to present some unique problems in determining the tensile strength of this material with conventional test grips. The high transverse-compressive forces generated in the conventional method of gripping tend to crush the rod, thereby causing premature failure. In this test method, aluminum-alloy tabs contoured to the shape of the rod reduce the compressive forces imparted to the rod, thus overcoming the deleterious influence of conventional test grips.4.2 Tensile properties are influenced by specimen preparation, strain rate, thermal history, and environmental conditions at the time of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.4.3 Tensile properties provide useful data for many engineering design purposes. However, due to the high sensitivity of these properties to strain rate, temperature, and other environmental conditions, data obtained by this test method shall not, by themselves, be considered for applications involving load-time scales or environmental conditions that differ widely from the test conditions. In cases where such dissimilarities are apparent, the sensitivities to strain rate, including impact and creep, as well as to the environment, shall be determined over a wide range of conditions as dictated by the anticipated service requirements.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the tensile properties of a pultruded, glass-fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic rod of diameters ranging from 2.03 mm (0.08 in.) to 12.7 mm (0.5 in.). Test Method D7205/D7205M is an alternative test method to determine tensile properties of fiber-reinforced composite rods of diameters bigger than 12.7 mm (0.5 in.).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 6.1 and 8.4.3.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is primarily comparative. However, it does have application as a discriminator in determining variations in adherend surface preparation parameters and adhesive environmental durability. The test method has found applications in controlling surface preparations, primer, and adhesive systems for determining strength properties of tested systems.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative tensile properties of the adhesive bonds of metal to metal when tested on standard shape specimens and under defined conditions of pretreatment, temperature, and testing machine speed.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The indirect tensile cracking test is used to determine asphalt mixture cracking resistance at an intermediate temperature which could range from 5 °C to 35 °C, depending on local climate. The specimens are readily obtained from Superpave gyratory compactor compacted cylinders with a diameter of 150 ± 2 mm, with no cutting, gluing, notching, drilling, or instrumentation required. Similarly, field cores can be tested to measure remaining cracking resistance of in-place asphalt mixtures.5.2 The CTIndex of an asphalt mixture is calculated from the failure energy, the post-peak slope of the load-displacement curve, and deformation tolerance at 75 % of the peak load. The CTIndex is a performance indicator of the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures containing various asphalt binders, asphalt binder modifiers, aggregate blends, fibers, and recycled materials. Generally, the higher the CTIndex value, the better the cracking resistance and, consequently, the less the cracking amount in the field. The range for an acceptable CTIndex will vary with mix types and associated specific applications.4 Users can employ the CTIndex and associated criteria to identify crack-prone mixtures during mix design and production quality control/assurance.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the procedures for preparing, testing, and measuring asphalt mixture cracking resistance using cylindrical laboratory-prepared asphalt mix samples or pavement cores. Testing temperatures are selected from the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) database intermediate temperatures. The test method describes the determination of the cracking tolerance index, CTIndex, and other parameters determined from the load-displacement curve. These parameters can be used to evaluate the resistance of asphalt mixtures to cracking.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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