定价： 592元 / 折扣价： 504 元 加购物车

定价： 592元 / 折扣价： 504 元 加购物车

定价： 338元 / 折扣价： 288 元 加购物车

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5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, power steering fluids, and hydraulic oils are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Low-temperature viscosity limits of these fluids are often specified to ensure their suitability for use and are cited in many specifications.5.2 The manual test method, Test Method D2983, was developed to determine whether a gear oil or an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) would meet low-temperature performance criterion originally defined using a particular model viscometer.4 The viscosity range covered in the original ATF performance correlation studies was from less than 1000 mPa·s to more than 60 000 mPa·s. The success of these correlations and the development of this test method with gear oil and ATF performance has over time been applied to other fluids and lubricants such as hydraulic fluids, and etc.5.3 Some formulated fluid types may form a structure, presumably due to the presence of wax, when soaked at or below a certain low temperature. The viscometer’s spindle rotation can degrade this structure during the viscosity measurement, which may result in a decrease in the apparent viscosity as the step time increases. This decrease in a fluid’s apparent viscosity is often referred to as shear thinning. A sample that exhibits a high initial apparent viscosity may impede the lubrication of certain machinery, such as automatic transmissions.4 However, it is not unusual to see a sample exhibit shear thinning behaviour when measuring high viscosity products such as gear oils, especially those formulated using solvent refined base stocks. It is recommended, that if this phenomenon is observed in ATF or similar low viscosity products, the suitability of the fluid for the application should be carefully considered. If desired, Test Method D5133 or D6821, may be used to study the behavior of these fluids.5.4 The viscosity determined by this test method using option A was found to be statistically indistinguishable from Test Method D2983 – 16 measurements based on the ILS data to establish this test method’s precision. The ILS results were consistent with the data obtained on numerous ATF and gear oils evaluated in developing this test method.55.5 Due to the shorter time at test temperature, results from the abbreviated thermal conditioning (Option B) may differ from results obtained with the 14 h soak at test temperature (Option A). For the samples used in developing this test method, results obtained with the abbreviated procedure (Option B) tended to be less than 14 h soak (Option A). This difference seemed to be larger for products that contained high wax base stock.1.1 This test method automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of driveline and hydraulic fluids, such as automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and other lubricants. It utilizes a thermoelectrically temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer. This test method covers a viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s measured at temperatures from –40 °C to –10 °C.1.2 The precision data were determined at –40 °C and –26 °C for a viscosity range of 6380 mPa·s to 255 840 mPa·s.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except those noted below.1.3.1 Exception—The test method uses the SI unit, milliPascal-second (mPa·s), as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Many petroleum products are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.5.2 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products and in this test method is used for the calculation from dynamic to kinematic viscosity.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamic viscosity and density for the purpose of derivation of kinematic viscosity of petroleum liquids, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, in this test method is derived by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature. This test method also calculates the temperature at which petroleum liquids attain a specified kinematic viscosity using Practice D341.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).1.3 The range of kinematic viscosity covered by this test method is from 0.5 mm2/s to 1000 mm2/s in the temperature range between –40 °C to 120 °C; however the precision has been determined only for fuels and oils in the range of 2.06 mm2/s to 476 mm2/s at 40 °C and 1.09 mm2/s  to 107 mm2/s at 100 °C (as stated in Section 12 on Precision and Bias). For jet fuels, the precision of kinematic viscosity has been determined in the range of 2.957 mm2/s to 5.805 mm2/s at –20 °C and 5.505 mm2/s to 13.03 mm2/s at –40 °C (as stated in Section 12 on Precision and Bias), and the precision of the temperature at 12 mm2/s (cSt) has been determined in the range of –38.3 °C to –58.1 °C (as stated in Section 13 on Precision and Bias). The precision has only been determined for those materials, viscosity ranges, and temperatures as indicated in Section 12 on Precision and Bias. The test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 12 on Precision and Bias, the precision and bias may not be applicable.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The viscosity at 60 °C [140 °F] characterizes flow behavior and may be used for specification requirements for cutback asphalt and asphalt binders.NOTE 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of the apparent viscosity of asphalt binder by vacuum capillary viscometers at 60 °C [140 °F]. It is applicable to materials having viscosities in the range from 0.0036 to over 20 000 Pa·s [0.036 to over 200 000 P].NOTE 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures, but the precision is based on determinations on asphalt binders at 60 °C [140 °F].NOTE 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The apparent viscosity for non-Newtonian asphalt binders varies with shear rate. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined using this test method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions of this test can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes or with different pressure heads. The defined precision limits in Section 11 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders. Test Method D4957 may be a more applicable method for testing non-Newtonian asphalts.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Viscosity of drive line lubricants at low temperature is critical for both gear lubrication and the circulation of the fluid in automatic transmissions. For gear oils (GOs), the issue is whether the fluid characteristics are such that the oil will flow into the channel dug out by the submerged gears as they begin rotating and re-lubricating them as they continue to rotate. For automatic transmission fluids, torque, and tractor fluids the issue is whether the fluid will flow into a pump and through the distribution system rapidly enough for the device to function. 5.2 The low temperature performance of drive line lubricant flow characteristics was originally evaluated by the channel test. In this test, a pan was filled to a specified depth of approximately 2.5 cm and then cooled to test temperature. The test was performed by scraping a channel through the full depth of the fluid and across the length of the pan after it had soaked at test temperature for a specified time. The time it took the fluid to cover the channel was measured and reported. The channel test was replaced by Test Method D2983 in 1971. 5.3 The results of this test procedure correlate with the viscometric measurements obtained in Test Method D2983.4 The correlation obtained is: where: V   =   the apparent viscosity measured by this test method, and VD2983   =   the apparent viscosity measured by Test Method D2983. 5.3.1 The equation was obtained by forcing the fit through zero. The coefficient of variation (R2) for this correlation is 0.9948. 1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the viscosity of drive line lubricants (gear oils, automatic transmission fluids, and so forth) with a constant shear stress viscometer at temperatures from –40 °C to 10 °C after a prescribed preheat and controlled cooling to the final test temperature. The precision is stated for test temperatures from –40 °C to –26 °C. 1.2 The applicability of this particular test method to petroleum products other than drive line lubricants has not been determined. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3.1 This standard uses the SI based unit of milliPascal second (mPa·s) for viscosity which is equivalent to centiPoise (cP). 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Viscosity measured under the conditions of this test method is considered to be representative of that at the temperatures and shear rates but not the pressures in the journal bearings of internal combustion engines under operating conditions.5.2 The relevance of these conditions to the measurement of engine-oil viscosity has been discussed in many publications.65.3 The high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at this shear rate can be measured at other temperatures using this apparatus. This is achieved by the use of a different range of Newtonian calibration fluids. The precision has not been studied for any temperature or viscosity range not noted in the precision section.1.1 This test method2 covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of oils at 150 °C and 1 × 106 s–1 and at 100 °C and 1 × 106 s–1, using high shear rate tapered-plug viscometer models BE/C or BS/C.1.2 Newtonian calibration oils are used to adjust the working gap and for calibration of the apparatus. These calibration oils cover a range from approximately 1.4 mPa·s to 5.9 mPa·s (cP) at 150 °C and 4.2 mPa·s to 18.9 mPa·s (cP) at 100 °C. This test method should not be used for extrapolation to higher viscosities than those of the Newtonian calibration oils used for calibration of the apparatus. If it is so used, the precision statement will no longer apply. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.48 mPa·s to 5.07 mPa·s at 150 °C and from 4.9 mPa·s to 11.8 mPa·s at 100 °C for the materials listed in the precision section.1.3 A non-Newtonian reference oil is used to check that the working conditions are correct. The exact viscosity appropriate to each batch of this oil is established by testing on a number of instruments in different laboratories. The agreed value for this reference oil may be obtained from the chairman of the Coordinating European Council (CEC) Surveillance Group for CEC L-36-90, or from the distributor.1.4 Applicability to products other than engine oils has not been determined in preparing this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard except those noted below.1.5.1 Exception—This test method uses the SI unit millipascal-second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. (1 cP = 1 mPa·s.)1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 s−1 to 50 s−1 using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The significance of this test method is that it provides a means for a reliable field determination of kinematic viscosity at 40 °C without requiring solvents or chemicals for cleaning. Field use implies that the fluid may be very opaque, such as an in-service engine oil. The device may be cleaned with a disposable lint-free oil-absorbent material such as a clean cotton shop rag, and requires only 60 µL of sample for operation. As such the device provides a unique service to a range of industries where it is difficult or undesirable to obtain chemicals of any sort in order to determine the kinematic viscosity of their fluid of interest. Examples of such industries include many marine-based systems where a laboratory does not exist on-board, mines where equipment is needed for on-the-spot determination of asset viscosity, and large industrial plants where a walk-around inspection of oil sumps greatly increases efficiency. By using this test method, one can serve these crucial use-cases where a direct, immediate measure of kinematic viscosity at 40 °C may otherwise be difficult to obtain.1.1 This test method describes a means for measuring the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids such as new and in-service lubricating oils using a miniature microchannel viscometer at 40 °C in the range of 12.9 mm2/s to 174 mm2/s1.2 The precision has only been determined for those materials and viscosity ranges, as indicated in Section 17 on Precision and Bias.1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to obtaining a rapid, direct, temperature- stabilized measure of the kinematic viscosity of new and in-service lubricants in the field in real- time without the use of solvents or chemical cleaning agents. The measurement takes place at 40 °C and kinematic viscosity is directly obtained. No temperature extrapolations or density corrections are necessary.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 9 on Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Many petroleum products and some non-petroleum products are used as lubricants in the equipment, and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the lubricant being used. Additionally, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.5.2 The viscosity of used oils is a commonly determined parameter in the oil industry to assess the effect of engine wear on the lube oils used, as well as the degradation of the engine parts during operation.5.3 The Houillon viscometer tube method offers automated determination of kinematic viscosity. Typically a sample volume of less than 1 mL is required for the analysis.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids; such as base oils, formulated oils, diesel oil, biodiesel, biodiesel blends, residual fuel oils, marine fuels, and used lubricating oils using a Houillon viscometer in automated mode.1.2 The range of kinematic viscosity capable of being measured by this test method is from 2 mm2/s to 2500 mm2/s (see Fig. 1). The range is dependent on the tube constant utilized. The temperature range that the apparatus is capable of achieving is between 20 °C and 150 °C, inclusive. However, the precision has only been determined for the viscosity range; 2 mm2/s to 478 mm2/s at 40 °C for base oils, formulated oils, diesel oil, biodiesel, and biodiesel blends; 3 mm2/s to 106 mm2/s at 100 °C for base oils and formulated oils; 25 mm2/s to 150 mm2/s at 40 °C and 5 mm2/s to 16 mm2/s at 100 °C for used lubricating oils; 25 mm2/s to 2500 mm2/s at 50 °C and 6 mm2/s to 110 mm2/s at 100 °C for residual fuels. As indicated for the materials listed in the precision section.FIG. 1 Houillon Viscometer Typical Viscosity Range of Tube ConstantsNOTE 1: Viscosity range of a Houillon tube is based on most practical flow time of 30 s to 200 s.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Many petroleum products, and some non-petroleum materials, are used as lubricants and the correct operation of the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage, handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the accurate determination of viscosity is essential to many product specifications.5.2 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize both the light and heavy fractions of petroleum and petroleum products.5.3 Determination of the density or relative density of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 15 °C.1.1 This test method covers and specifies a procedure for the concurrent measurement of both the dynamic viscosity, η, and the density, ρ, of liquid petroleum products and crude oils, both transparent and opaque. The kinematic viscosity, ν, can be obtained by dividing the dynamic viscosity, η, by the density, ρ, obtained at the same test temperature.1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rate are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior).1.3 The precision has only been determined for those materials, viscosity ranges, density ranges, and temperatures as indicated in Section 15 on Precision and Bias. The test method can be applied to a wider range of materials, viscosity, density, and temperature. For materials not listed in Section 15 on Precision and Bias, the precision and bias may not be applicable.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Viscosity values at the shear rate and temperature of this test method have been indicated to be related to the viscosity providing hydrodynamic lubrication in automotive and heavy duty engines in severe service.75.2 The viscosities of engine oils under such high temperatures and shear rates are also related to their effects on fuel efficiency and the importance of high shear rate, high temperature viscosity has been addressed in a number of publications and presentations.71.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination of the viscosity of engine oils at 150 °C and 1.0·106 s−1 using a viscometer having a slightly tapered rotor and stator called the Tapered Bearing Simulator (TBS) Viscometer.21.2 The Newtonian calibration oils used to establish this test method range from approximately 1.2 mPa·s to 7.7 mPa·s at 150 °C. The precision has only been determined for the viscosity range 1.47 mPa·s to 5.09 mPa·s at 150 °C for the materials listed in the precision section.1.3 The non-Newtonian reference oil used to establish the shear rate of 1.0·106 s−1 for this test method has a viscosity closely held to 3.55 mPa·s at 150 °C by using the absolute viscometry of the TBS.1.4 Manual, semi-automated, and fully automated TBS viscometers were used in developing the precision statement for this test method.1.5 Application to petroleum products such as base oils and formulated engine oils was determined in preparing the viscometric information for this test method.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6.1 This test method uses the milliPascal·second (mPa·s) as the unit of viscosity. This unit is equivalent to the centipoise (cP).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车