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5.1 All materials and products covered by these test methods must withstand tensile forces for adequate performance in certain applications. These test methods allow for the measurement of such tensile properties. However, tensile properties alone may not directly relate to the total end use performance of the product because of the wide range of potential performance requirements in actual use.5.2 Tensile properties depend both on the material and the conditions of test (extension rate, temperature, humidity, specimen geometry, pretest conditioning, etc.); therefore materials should be compared only when tested under the same conditions.5.3 Temperature and rate of extension may have substantial effects on tensile properties and therefore should be controlled. These effects will vary depending on the type of material being tested.5.4 Tensile set represents residual deformation which is partly permanent and partly recoverable after stretching and retraction. For this reason, the periods of extension and recovery (and other conditions of test) must be controlled to obtain comparable results.1.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. The methods appear as follows:  Test Method A—Dumbbell and Straight Section Specimens  Test Method B—Cut Ring SpecimensNOTE 1: These two different methods do not produce identical results.1.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently, without combining values.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice may be used to determine the viability of an RTV sealant to withstand pressure leak testing before cure at maximum gap conditions of a system. This practice may be used to indicate an RTV’s acceptability to undergo an assembly line leak check without causing a leak path due to material blow out.1.1 This practice provides a means to determine the blowout resistance of a room-temperature vulcanized elastomer system (RTV) using a standard fixture.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is intended to describe various methods for determining the dynamic properties of vulcanized rubber materials, and by extension, products utilizing such materials in applications such as springs, dampers, and flexible load-carrying devices, flexible power transmission couplings, vibration isolation components and mechanical rubber goods in general. As a guide, it is intended to provide descriptions of options available rather than to specify the use of any one in particular.1.1 This guide covers dynamic testing of vulcanized rubber and rubber-like (both hereinafter termed “rubber” or “elastomeric”) materials and products, leading from the definitions of terms used, through the basic mathematics and symbols, to the measurement of stiffness and damping, and finally through the use of specimen geometry and flexing method, to the measurement of dynamic modulus.1.2 This guide describes a variety of vibratory methods for determining dynamic properties, presenting them as options, not as requirements. The methods involve free resonant vibration, and forced resonant and nonresonant vibration. In the latter two cases the input is assumed to be sinusoidal.1.3 While the methods are primarily for the measurement of modulus, a material property, they may in many cases be applied to measurements of the properties of full-scale products.1.4 The methods described are primarily useful over the range of temperatures from −70°C to +200°C (−100°F to +400°F) and for frequencies from 0.01 to 100 Hz. Not all instruments and methods will accommodate the entire ranges.1.5 When employed for the measurement of dynamic modulus, the methods are intended for materials having complex moduli in the range from 100 to 100 000 kPa (15 to 15 000 psi) and damping angles from 0 to 90°. Not all instruments and methods will accommodate the entire ranges.1.6 Both translational and rotational methods are described. To simplify generic descriptions, the terminology of translation is used. The subject matter applies equally to the rotational mode, substituting “torque” and “angular deflection” for “force” and “displacement.”1.7 This guide is divided into sections, some of which include:  SectionTerminology and Symbols  3Factors Influencing Dynamic Measurement  7Test Methods and Specimens  8Nonresonant Analysis Methods and Their Influence onResults  9Report 10Mechanical and Instrumentation Factors Influencing Dynamic Measurement Annex A1Guide to Further Reading Appendix X1Double-Shear Specimens—Derivation of Equations and Descriptions of Specimens Appendix X2Torsion Specimens—Derivation of Equations and Descriptions of Specimens Appendix X3Compression/Tension Specimens—Derivation of Equations and Descriptions of Specimens Appendix X4Free Resonant Vibration—Equations for Log Decrement and Stiffness Appendix X5Obtaining Loss Factor and Elastic Stiffness from Transmissibility Curves Appendix X61.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This practice shall be used for specific procedures used in preparing rubber compounds for quality control of production, for research and development purposes, and for comparison of different materials.1.1 This practice provides a listing of reference compounding materials required to prepare the rubber test compounds listed in succeeding methods and contains procedures for weighing. It also specifies the mixing equipment, general mixing procedures, vulcanization equipment and procedures.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 5.4.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) often fail in service due to the generation and propagation of a special type of rupture called a tear. This test method measures the resistance to tearing action.5.2 Tear strength may be influenced to a large degree by stress-induced anisotropy (mechanical fibering), stress distribution, strain rate, and test piece size. The results obtained in a tear strength test can only be regarded as a measure under the conditions of that particular test and may not have any direct relation to service performance. The significance of tear testing must be determined on an individual application or product performance basis.1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring a property of conventional vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic elastomers called tear strength.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The storage of corrosive or abrasive solutions or suspensions requires that the metal surface of storage tanks, large pipes, or holding vessels be lined with a material that resists such action. Vulcanized rubber that is securely adhered to the tank or other metal surface imparts such resistance. An integral part of the installation of such linings is the vulcanization operation that produces proper mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and sufficient rubber-to-metal adhesion.4.2 Service conditions will dictate what type of rubber is used. Also, the service conditions will determine the proper thickness of the rubber and the particular compound or compounds used in a lining. For example: temperatures over 140°F (60°C) typically require a thickness of 1/4 in. (6.35 mm). Some service conditions that have a solution composed of several chemicals may require different layers of rubber compounds. Within these layers, the hardness or durometer of the rubber may be changed as well to provide the longest service life of the rubber lining. Consult with the rubber lining manufacturer when selecting the rubber lining system and preparing application specifications and procedures.1.1 This practice covers the techniques used to install rubber lining sheet stock in metal tanks, pipes, and other components. Installation requirements, procedures, inspection instructions, and storage conditions for the lined tanks or equipment are outlined.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers vulcanized fibres in sheet, round rod, and round tube forms of bone, commercial, and electrical insulation grades. Fibres shall be tested appropriatedly and consequently conform to specified color, chemical composition, flexural strength, impact strength, tearing strength, compressive strength, water absorption, dielectric strength, bursting strength, density, Rockwell hardness, and dimensional and size requirements.1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1) sheets, rolls, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as electrical insulation.NOTE 1: The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee D09 for use in this standard.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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