5.1 The method is designed to show whether or not the tested materials meet the specifications as given in either Specification C753, C776, C888 or C922.1.1 This test method covers the determination of chlorine and fluorine in nuclear-grade uranium dioxide (UO2) powder and pellets, nuclear grade gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3 ) powder and gadolinium oxide-uranium oxide (Gd2O3-UO2) powder and pellets.1.2 With a 2 gram UO2 sample size the detection limit of the method is 4 µg/g for chlorine and 2 µg/g for fluorine. The maximum concentration determined with a 2 gram sample is 500 µg/g for both chlorine and fluorine. The sample size used in this test method can vary from 1 to 10 grams resulting in a corresponding change in the detection limits and range.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The method is designed to show whether or not the tested materials meet the specifications as given in Specifications C787 and C788.1.1 This method covers the determination of bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl) in uranium hexafluoride (UF6) and uranyl nitrate solution. The method as written covers the determination of bromine in UF6 over the concentration range of 0.2 to 8 µg/g, uranium basis. The chlorine in UF6 can be determined over the range of 4 to 160 µg/g, uranium basis. Higher concentrations may be covered by appropriate dilutions. The detection limit for Br is 0.2 µg/g uranium basis and for Cl is 4 µg/g uranium basis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Chlorinated compounds can lead to corrosion of equipment and poisoning of the catalyst. Chlorinated compounds also present a health hazard when incompletely combusted. Chlorine content of petroleum products is determined prior to their being recycled.NOTE 1: Federal Regulations mandate that often the chlorine content of used oil must be determined before recycling. EPA regulation 40 CFR 261 bars the sale of used oil for fuel if it is contaminated with halogens measured as chlorine at levels exceeding 1000 mg/kg. Such oil is considered to be a hazardous waste unless it can be proven that the chlorine content is inorganic or that the halogenated organics are not hazardous constituents. The cost of disposing of a hazardous waste is many times higher than the cost of used oil disposal. Therefore it is critical for users, generators, haulers, reprocessors, and collectors to test the material they handle in order to comply with regulations, maintain safe operations, and avoid high disposal costs.4.2 These test methods can be used to determine when a used petroleum product meets or exceeds requirements for total halogens measured as chloride. It is specifically designed for used oils, permitting on-site testing at remote locations by nontechnical personnel to avoid the delays of laboratory testing.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of chlorine in used oils, fuels, and related materials, including: crankcase, hydraulic, diesel, lubricating and fuel oils, and kerosene, all containing <25 % (mass/mass) water.1.1.1 If the sample contains greater than 25 % water, the sodium metal reacts preferentially with the water rather than with the halogenated organics in the oil.1.1.2 Bromide and iodide are also titrated and reported on a molar basis as chlorine. The method does not detect fluorine because AgF remains in the solution during the titration, while AgI, AgBr, and AgCl precipitate out and can therefore be detected.1.1.3 Some of the chlorinated organic compounds that have been shown to be detectable by this method include trichloroethane, dichloroethane, trichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene, chlorooctadecane, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, Freon, and polychlorinated biphenyls. These nine compounds represent the major classes of chlorinated compounds that are found in used oils.1.2 The entire analytical sequence, including sampling, sample pretreatment, chemical reactions, extraction, and quantification, is available in kit form using predispensed and encapsulated reagents. The overall objective is to provide a simple, easy to use procedure, permitting nontechnical personnel to perform a test in or outside of the laboratory environment in under 10 min. The test method also gives information to run the test without a kit.1.2.1 Test Method A is preset to provide a greater than or less than result at 1000 mg/kg (ppm) total chlorine to meet regulatory requirements for used oils.1.2.2 Test Method B provides results over a range from 200 mg/kg to 4000 mg/kg total chlorine.1.3 For both test methods, positive bias will result from samples that contain greater than 3 % (mass/mass) total sulfur. While a false negative result will not occur, other analytical methods should be used on high sulfur oils.1.4 Test Method B, Lower Limit of Quantitation—In the round-robin study to develop statistics for this test method, participants were asked to report results to the nearest 100 mg/kg. The lower limit of quantification could therefore only be determined to be in the range from 870 mg/kg5 to 1180 mg/kg5.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety statements are given in Sections 3, 6, and 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Low levels of bromine contaminant in chlorine cause problems in some industrial uses. This test method may be used to determine bromine in liquid or gaseous chlorine at levels as low as 4 ug/kg.1.1 This test method covers the determination of bromine in liquid chlorine and in gaseous chlorine with a lower limit of detection of 4 ug/kg by weight.1.2 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first-aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The presence of residual chlorine in epoxy resins is deleterious to final product properties. This test method has been found to be applicable to resins or ethers with chlorine contents ranging from 50 ppm to 35 % by weight. Other halogen compounds react with the reagent but are distinguished from chlorine by the final potentiometric titration. Epoxy and other functional groups will consume reagent but do not affect the results.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of total chlorine in epoxy resins and glycidyl ethers.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The purpose of this test method is to measure the total chlorine content of coal. The chlorine content of coals may be useful in the evaluation of slagging problems, corrosion in engineering processes, and in the total analysis of coal and coke. When coal specimens are combusted in accordance with this test method, the chlorine is quantitatively retained and is representative of the total chlorine content of the whole coal.1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of total chlorine content in a coal sample.1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 and Section 8.

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4.1 Lubricating oils can be formulated with additives, which can act as detergents, anti-oxidants, anti-wear agents, and so forth. Some additives can contain one or more of calcium, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc. This test method can be used to determine if the oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to content of these elements.4.2 Several additive elements and their compounds are added to the lubricating oils to give beneficial performance (Table 3).4.3 This test method can also be used to determine if lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages meet specification with respect to chlorine concentration. In this context, specification can refer to contamination.4.4 This test method is not intended for use on samples that contain some component that significantly interferes with the analysis of the elements specified in the scope.4.5 This test method can complement other test methods for lube oils and additives, including Test Methods D4628, D4927, D4951, and D5185.1.1 This test method covers the determination of calcium, chlorine, copper, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc in unused lubricating oils, additives, and additive packages by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Matrix effects are handled with mathematical corrections.1.2 For each element, the upper limit of the concentration range covered by this test method is defined by the highest concentration listed in Table 1. Samples containing higher concentrations can be analyzed following dilution.1.3 For each element, the lower limit of the concentration range covered by this test method can be estimated by the limit of detection (LOD)2 (see also 40 CFR 136 Appendix B) or limit of quantification (LOQ),2 both of which can be estimated from Sr, the repeatability standard deviation. LOD and LOQ values, determined from results obtained in the interlaboratory study on precision, are listed in Table 2.1.3.1 LOD and LOQ are not intrinsic constants of this test method. LOD and LOQ depend upon the precision attainable by a laboratory when using this test method.1.4 This test method uses regression software to determine calibration parameters, which can include influence coefficients (that is, interelement effect coefficients) (Guide E1361), herein referenced as alphas. Alphas can also be determined from theory using relevant software.1.5 Setup of this test method is intended for persons trained in the practice of X-ray spectrometry. Following setup, this test method can be used routinely.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or angstrom (Å) units are to be regarded separately as standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese test methods detail the standard procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches including sodium hypochlorite (soda bleach) solutions, calcium hypochlorite, and chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts. Tests for sodium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, sodium chlorate, total chorine, sodium chloride, total alkalinity as sodium oxide, and free alkali as sodium hydroxide. Tests for calcium hypochlorite include the determination of available chlorine, and water. And finally, tests for chloroisocyanuric acids and their derived salts include the determination of available chlorine by iodometric-thiosulfate and arsenite-iodometric methods, and moisture.1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of chlorine-containing bleaches. The methods appear in the following order:  SectionsSodium Hypochlorite (Soda Bleach) Solutions:   Sampling  5 Available Chlorine 6 – 9 Sodium Chlorate 10 – 14 Total Chlorine 15 – 18 Sodium Chloride 19 and 20 Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 21 – 24 Free Alkali as Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 25 – 28Calcium Hypochlorite:   Sampling 30 Available Chlorine 31 – 34 Water 35 – 40Chloroisocyanuric Acids and Their Derived Salts:   Sampling 42 Available Chlorine (Iodometric—Thiosulfate Method) 43 – 46 Available Chlorine (Arsenite—Iodometric Method) 47 – 50 Moisture 51 – 541.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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4.1 This test method may be used to measure the level of chlorine-containing compounds in petroleum products. This knowledge can be used to predict performance or handling characteristics of the product in question.4.2 This test method can also serve as a qualitative tool for the presence or non-detection of chlorine in petroleum products. In light of the efforts in the industry to prepare chlorine free products, this test method would provide information regarding the chlorine levels, if any, in such products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of chlorine in lubricating oils and greases, including new and used lubricating oils and greases containing additives, and in additive concentrates. Its range of applicability is 0.1 m% to 50 m% chlorine. The procedure assumes that compounds containing halogens other than chlorine will not be present.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 The preferred units are mass percent.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Attention is called to specific warning statements incorporated in the test method.

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5.1 This test method provides for the precise measurement of the chlorine content of aromatics with minimal sample preparation and analyst involvement. The typical time for each analysis is five or ten minutes.5.2 Knowledge of the chlorine content of aromatics is important for process control as well as the prediction and control of operational problems such as unit corrosion and catalyst poisoning, and in the blending of products to commodity specifications.5.3 Various federal, state, and local agencies regulate the chlorine content of some petroleum products, including aromatics. Unbiased and precise determination of chlorine in aromatics is critical to compliance with regulatory standards.5.4 When the elemental composition of the samples differ significantly from the calibration standards used to prepare the calibration curve, the cautions and recommendation in Section 6 should be carefully observed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of chlorine by monochromatic wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) spectrometry in aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and related chemicals.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples with chlorine concentrations to 10 mg/kg. Higher chlorine concentrations can be determined by quantitatively diluting the sample with a suitable solvent. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.2 mg/kg and the limit of quantitation is 0.7 mg/kg. With careful analytical technique or the measurement of replicates, or both, this method can be used to successfully analyze concentrations below the LOD.NOTE 1: The maximum is the highest concentration from the interlaboratory study (ILS) and the LOD and LOQ were calculated from Performance Testing Program (PTP) data. See Table 3.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard information, see Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method permits measurements of the chlorine content of coals.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total chlorine in coal.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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