4.1 The purpose of this test method is to provide a relative measurement of the combustibility of fire-retardant-treated wood specimens based on their percentage loss in weight under controlled fire exposure conditions (1).3 In addition, other possible data include rate of weight loss, time of flaming and afterglowing, increase in temperature, and maximum vertical flame progress.4.2 This test method is not sufficiently large scale to evaluate the suitability of a given treated product for building construction, but it is a convenient method to use for purposes of development or as a quality-control test during manufacture.4.3 This test method gives a procedure for sampling and preparation of test specimens from a lot of treated material in which complete penetration is a requirement. A procedure is also given for the sampling of charges at a treating plant for purposes of quality control of the treatment process.4.4 This test method has proven useful for evaluating comparative fire performance effectiveness of fire-retardant chemicals and treatment formulations for wood and wood products (2-5).4.5 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is possible that this test method will not predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This test method covers fire-tube test procedures for fire tests for combustible properties of wood treated to reduce flammability. This test method relates to properties of treated wood, as such, rather than to the performance of a fabrication used as an element of construction. Performance under this test method shall be as prescribed in requirements applicable to materials intended for specific uses.1.2 This test method is a fire-test-response standard.1.3 The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the ability of the HVAC duct system and its supporting construction to do the following:5.1.1 Resist the effects of a standardized fire exposure, and5.1.2 Retain its integrity.5.2 These test methods provide for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Ability of the tested support system to carry the load of the HVAC duct and its fire-resistive material(s) during the entire duration of the standardized fire-engulfment test.5.2.2 Ability of the firestops to meet the requirements of Test Method E814 when used as part of a HVAC duct system.5.2.3 Ability of the HVAC duct system to resist the passage of flames and hot gases onto its unexposed surface during a standardized fire-resistance test.5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the HVAC duct system during a standardized fire-resistance test.5.2.5 Ability of the firestop to resist the passage of water during a standardized hose stream test.5.3 These test methods do not provide the following:5.3.1 Full information as to performance of the fire-resistive material, supporting construction, or the HVAC duct system constructed with components, densities, or dimensions other than those tested.5.3.2 Evaluation of the degree by which the fire-resistive material or HVAC duct system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of toxic gases, or other products of combustion.5.3.3 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the HVAC duct system.5.4 The test specimens are subjected to one or more specific tests under laboratory conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, these test methods to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results of these laboratory tests are valid only for the exposure conditions described in these test methods.5.5 These test methods require a test specimen to be exposed to a standard fire that is controlled to achieve specified temperatures throughout a specified time period. The engulfment test is followed by the application of a standardized hose stream test. These test methods provide a relative measure of the fire-test-response of comparable fire-resistive materials and HVAC duct systems under these exposure conditions. The fire exposure is not representative of all fire conditions because conditions vary with changes in the amount, nature and distribution of fire loading, ventilation, compartment size and configuration, and heat sink characteristics of the compartment. Variation from the test conditions or test specimen construction, such as size, materials, method of assembly, also affects the fire-test-response. For these reasons, evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.NOTE 4: When the size of the HVAC duct exceeds the capability of the test furnace to test it, the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) should be consulted to determine what test and evaluation of the variation is required for application to construction in the field.NOTE 1: Use of the standard designation ISO 6944 refers to both ISO 6944:1985 and ISO 6944-1:2008.1.1 These test methods evaluate the fire-resistive metallic HVAC duct system’s fire resistance and fire-engulfment with horizontal and vertical through-penetration firestops.NOTE 2: The intent of these test methods is to provide authorities having jurisdiction a means to evaluate the fire performance of HVAC duct systems to enable their application and use.1.2 These test methods evaluate the fire performance of HVAC ducts, including both supply (pressurized: Condition A – Horizontal and Condition B – Vertical) and return (exhaust: Condition C – Horizontal and Condition D – Vertical).1.3 These test methods evaluate the ability of a HVAC duct system to resist the spread of fire from one compartment to other compartments separated by a fire resistance rated construction when the HVAC duct system is exposed to fire under one or more of the following conditions:1.3.1 Condition A—Fire exposure from the outside of the horizontal HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.2 Condition B—Fire exposure from the outside of the vertical HVAC duct system without openings,1.3.3 Condition C—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the horizontal HVAC duct system with unprotected openings,NOTE 3: Unprotected openings are openings that are not protected by fire dampers.1.3.4 Condition D—Fire exposure from the outside with hot gases entering the inside of the vertical HVAC duct system with unprotected openings.1.4 These test methods provide a means for determining the fire-resistance of vertical and horizontal HVAC duct systems, when subjected to the standard time-temperature curve of Test Methods E119.1.4.1 Condition A—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating element.1.4.2 Condition B—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a vertical HVAC duct system, without openings exposed to fire and outfitted with a horizontal connection, passing through a horizontal fire-separating element.1.4.3 Condition C—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a horizontal HVAC duct system, with unprotected openings exposed to fire, passing through a vertical fire-separating element.1.4.4 Condition D—These test methods provide a means for evaluating a vertical HVAC duct system with a horizontal connection, and with unprotected openings exposed to fire, passing through a horizontal fire-separating element.1.5 These test methods prescribe a standardized fire exposure for comparing the test results of the fire resistive materials and HVAC duct systems. The results of these tests are one factor in assessing predicted fire performance of HVAC duct systems. Using these test results to predict the performance of actual HVAC duct systems requires the evaluation of test conditions.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are for information only, unless the SI units are used consistently to perform all of the test methods referenced herein. In this case, the SI units will be regarded as the standard and will be used in Section 13, Report.1.7 The text of these test methods references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material and (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the fire-test-response standard.1.8 This document specifically excludes evaluating ducts that carry combustibles, flammable vapors, combustible gases, and commercial kitchen ventilation systems commonly called grease ducts or hazardous exhaust ducts, which are tested in compliance with Test Methods E2336.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Steam distillation is a classical separation technique, useful for preparing extracts for analysis by gas chromatography GC/MS or GC/IR. Distillates are suitable for analysis according to Test Method E 1387 or Guide E 1618.The visible oily liquid extract can be used as a courtroom exhibit, unlike extracts produced by other separation procedures which are solutions rather than a neat liquid.This practice is not useful for the separation of water soluble ignitable liquids such as alcohols or ketones.Alternate separation and concentration methods are suggested if the concentration of flammable or combustible liquid residues is not detectable by odor.This is a destructive technique that should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be reserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for resampling. Consider using passive headspace concentration as described in Practice E 1412.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for separating visible quantities of water insoluble hydrocarbons from samples of fire debris.1.2 This practice is recommended only for samples which have a detectable odor of petroleum distillates when examined at room temperature.1.3 This practice can yield useful extracts by the application of a solvent to the distillation trap in the event that only small quantities of hydrocarbons are obtained.1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in samples from a fire scene can support a field investigator’opinion regarding the origin, fuel load, and incendiary nature of a fire.4.1.1 The identification of an ignitable liquid residue in a fire scene does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that a fire was incendiary in nature. Further investigation may reveal a legitimate reason for the presence of ignitable liquid residues.4.1.2 Due to the volatility of ignitable liquids and to variations in sampling techniques, the absence of detectable quantities of ignitable liquid residues does not necessarily lead to the conclusion that ignitable liquids were not present at the fire scene.When the gas chromatographic pattern is not sufficiently complex, as described in 9.3, additional analytical techniques are required.1.1 This test method covers the identification of residues of ignitable liquids in extracts from fire debris samples. Extraction procedures are described in the referenced documents.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 6.3.

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5.1 This test method evaluates, under the specified test conditions: (1) the ability of a fire resistive joint system to undergo movement without reducing the fire rating of the adjacent fire separating elements and (2) the duration for which test specimens will contain a fire and retain their integrity during a predetermined test exposure.5.2 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations where applicable:5.2.1 Capability of the joint system to movement cycle.5.2.2 Loadbearing capacity of the joint system.5.2.3 Ability of the joint system to prohibit the passage of flames and hot gases.5.2.4 Transmission of heat through the joint system.5.2.5 Ability of the joint system, that is an extension of a wall, to resist the passage of water during a hose stream test.5.3 This test method does not provide the following:5.3.1 Evaluation of the degree by which the joint system contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.5.3.2 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the joint system.5.3.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the joint system.NOTE 1: The information in 5.3.1 – 5.3.3 may be determined by other suitable fire test methods. For example, 5.3.3 may be determined by Test Method E84.5.3.4 Evaluation of joints formed by the rated or non-rated exterior walls and the floors of the building.5.4 In this procedure, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the exposure conditions described in this test method.1.1 This fire-test-response test method measures the performance of joint systems designed to be used with fire rated floors and walls during a fire endurance test exposure. The fire endurance test end point is the period of time elapsing before the first performance criteria is reached when the joint system is subjected to one of two time-temperature fire exposures.1.2 The fire exposure conditions used are either those specified by Test Method E119 for testing assemblies to standard time-temperature exposures or Test Method E1529 for testing assemblies to rapid-temperature rise fires.1.3 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for the evaluation of the ability of a joint system to maintain the fire resistance where hourly rated fire-separating elements meet.1.4 Test results establish the performance of joint systems during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the joint systems suitability for use after that exposure.1.5 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the joint system relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases or both. However, it requires that such phenomena be noted and reported when describing the general behavior of joint systems during the fire endurance test but is not part of the conditions of compliance.1.6 Potentially important factors and fire characteristics not addressed by this test method include, but are not limited to:1.6.1 The performance of the fire-resistive joint system constructed with components other than those tested.1.6.2 The cyclic movement capabilities of joint systems other than the cycling conditions tested.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.10 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers thermal insulating bricks made from fire clay that are used as backup insulation for refractory furnace linings of boiler furnaces. The bricks shall be composed of heat-resistant materials that have been burned or fired to produce the desired density, strength, and structure. Representative bricks shall be tested, and shall conform accordingly to specified values of bulk density, modulus of rupture, and reheat change.1.1 This specification covers two types of thermal insulating brick for industrial or marine boiler furnaces. Type I is a special, 2500 °F (1371 °C) maximum service temperature, insulating firebrick that is used as backup insulation for refractory furnace linings.2 Type II is a standard insulating brick that, in general, is used where there may be direct contact with combustion gases, such as forge and stress relieving furnaces.31.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is useful for sampling fire debris to screen for the presence of ignitable liquid residues prior to extraction with other techniques. It is most appropriate for sampling light to medium range ignitable liquids (such as light oxygenates, lacquer thinners, and other similar volatile compounds or products), and less appropriate for sampling ignitable liquids that have compounds in the heavy range.3, 4, 54.1.1 When sampled for screening purposes, the instrumentation typically utilized is a gas chromatograph with either a mass spectrometer (GC-MS, refer to Test Method E1618) or flame ionization detector (GC-FID).4.2 This practice is generally less efficient at recovering limited quantities of ignitable liquids than Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, and E2154, particularly for higher boiling compounds.4.3 The separation takes place in a closed container and the sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted. Since only a small aliquot of the sample headspace is removed for analysis, sample reanalysis may be possible.4.4 High concentrations of highly volatile compounds can saturate the headspace, inhibiting the recovery of less volatile components and leading to the detection or identification of only the more volatile compounds in the sample.4.5 This practice is intended for use in conjunction with other extraction techniques, such as those described in Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, and E2154, when analysis of a sample for all classes of ignitable liquids is required or desired.NOTE 1: The headspace specimen (the portion in the syringe) is consumed in the analysis. Preserve an extract for potential reanalysis (see Practice E2451) using an alternative separation and concentration practice, such as those described in Practices E1386, E1412, and E1413, if preservation is required per laboratory policies.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing vapor from the headspace of a fire debris container for the purpose of detecting or identifying ignitable liquid residues.1.2 Separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents. (See Practices E1386, E1412, E1413, and E2154.)1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This standard cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the purification of extracts from fire debris samples. The preparation of these extracts is described in Practices E1385, E1386, E1412, and E1413. An acid mixture is used to remove components from the extracts which may interfere with the identification of ignitable liquid residues.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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The fire control plan is a set of general arrangement plans for each deck of the ship that contains information that will be of use to the ship’crew and shoreside fire fighters in the event of a fire. Experience has shown that in casualties involving fire, one of the most valuable assets on the ship is the fire control plan. Most of the information the ship’crew and shoreside fire fighting personnel would need, such as general layout and dimensions, fire fighting systems, and other systems that have a direct impact on fire fighting, are included in the fire control plan. The fire control plan is also ideal for firefighters and marine inspectors to use as a guide when taking tours on ships, since it contains the location of most items they will be looking for. In addition, having a consistent set of standard fire control plan symbols will eliminate the need for shoreside fire fighting personnel to know each ship’respective fire control plan symbols.1.1 This practice sets forth the symbols to be used in shipboard fire control plans.

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