4.1 It is useful to be able to obtain particle size measurement results of a user specified product from multiple instruments and to be able to correlate the results of the measurements. This capability can be advantageous in expanding the use of different technologies to make a measurement or simply to correlate results between instruments of the same technology. An example might be comparing in-process particle size measurements to final inspection particle size measurements.4.2 The viability of this guide will need to be tested on a case-by-case basis as various products may present measurement challenges for some instruments and not all results from all instruments may be able to be correlated to all other results from all other instruments. In addition, positive results should be confirmed and improved with continued data comparisons over time using process measurements from the instruments selected.1.1 This guide describes one methodology to correlate solid particle analysis results between solid particle analysis instruments for user specified products of user specified particle sizes and distributions in order to expand the capability of particle measurement throughout the manufacturing process and provide better control and efficiency. The guide is not limited to instrument type or product type.1.2 Warning—Not all instruments may correlate to all other instruments for various user specified products and size ranges. Instruments may measure different particle features, and they may also measure the same particle features differently and thus correlating the results of any two may be possible for some products but not possible for others. It is also the case that certain materials can be altered by the instruments measuring them which would eliminate them from consideration under this guide if the instrument’s results are determined based on measurements made after the instrument has altered the user specified product.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended for use by both generators and users of analytical results. It is intended to promote consistent demonstration and documentation of the quality of the measurement results and facilitate determination of the validity of measurements for their intended use.4.2 This guide specifies documentation that a laboratory should supply with the analytical results to establish that the resulting measurements: (1) meet measurement quality requirements; (2) are suitable for their intended use; and (3) are technically defensible.4.3 While the guide describes information that the measurement results provider needs to give the user/decision maker, in order for measurement providers to supply data users with appropriate data, information is needed from the data user. Examples of information that the user should provide to the laboratory, in addition to the analytes of concern (including the form of the analyte that is to be determined, for example, total lead, dissolved lead, organic lead, inorganic lead), include but are not limited to:4.3.1 Type of material (that is, matrix—fresh or salt water, coal fly ash, sandy loam soil, wastewater treatment sludge),4.3.2 Maximum sample holding time,4.3.3 Projected sampling date and delivery date to the laboratory,4.3.4 Method of chemical preservation (for example, not preserved, chemical used),4.3.5 Chain-of-custody requirements, if any,4.3.6 Analytical methods that must be used, if any,4.3.7 Measurement quality requirements expressed as DQOs or MQOs and action limits,4.3.8 Allowable interferences as described in 10.4,4.3.9 Documentation requirement, and4.3.10 Subcontracting restrictions/requirements.4.4 Users/decision makers should consult with the laboratory about these issues during the analytical design stage. This will allow the design of sample collection process and project schedule to accommodate the laboratory activities necessary to determine the desired level of measurement quality. The number of samples, budgets, and schedules should also be discussed.1.1 This guide describes an approach for demonstrating the quality of analytical chemical measurement results from the application of a measurement system (that is, method or sequence of methods) to the analysis of environmental samples of soil, water, air, or waste. The purpose of such measurements can include demonstrating compliance with a regulatory limit, determining whether a site is contaminated above some specified level, or determining treatment process efficacy.1.2 This guide describes a procedure that can be used to assess a measurement system used to generate analytical results for a specific purpose. Users and reviewers of the analytical results can determine, with a known level of confidence, if they meet the quality requirements and are suitable for the intended use.1.3 This protocol does not address the general components of laboratory quality systems necessary to ensure the overall quality of laboratory operations. For such systems, the user is referred to International Standards Organization (ISO) Standard 17025 or the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) laboratory accreditation standards.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A result must be stated to a sufficient number of digits so that a user receives both quantitative information and a measure of the variability of the value reported.4.2 The range of application of most methods of chemical analysis is based upon the presumption that the quantitative results produced are to be used to compare the analyte content of the test material with specified limiting values. However, analytical results may be used legitimately for other purposes. If the same material is analyzed a number of times or a product is analyzed periodically during an interval of production, each set of results may be averaged to yield an average result having improved reliability, provided nothing has been done between analyses to modify the composition of the analyzed material. Results that fall below the lower limit, although not quantitative individually, contain compositional information and may be reported. The reporting system in this practice permits the analyst to indicate which values are likely to be rendered quantitative by averaging and which are not.4.3 The system is simple enough to be used routinely in reporting results from standard methods and assists those untrained in statistics to apply results appropriately.1.1 This practice covers the approximate number of digits required to express the expected precision of results reported from standard methods of chemical analysis. This practice provides selection criteria and proper form and symbols for coding results when necessary to indicate the relative reliability of results having small values.1.2 Specifically excluded is consideration of report forms and the associated informational content of reports in which results are tabulated or transmitted. It is assumed that the reporting laboratory has established a report format to ensure proper identification of the materials tested, the nature and conditions of the test, the responsible personnel, and other related information in accordance with existing regulations and good laboratory practices.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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