定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

定价： 884元 / 折扣价： 752 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元

4.1 Exposure to aerosols in the industrial metal removal environment has been associated with adverse respiratory effects.4.2 Use of this practice will mitigate occupational exposure and effects of exposure to aerosols in the metal removal environment.4.3 Through implementation of this practice, users should be able to reduce instances and severity of respiratory irritation and disease through the effective use of a metal removal fluid management program, appropriate product selection, appropriate machine tool design, proper air handling mechanisms, and control of microorganisms.1.1 This practice sets forth guidelines to control respiratory hazards in the metal removal environment.1.2 This practice does not include prevention of dermatitis, which is the subject of Practice E2693, but it does adopt a similar systems management approach with many control elements in common.1.3 This practice focuses on employee exposure via inhalation of metal removal fluids and associated airborne agents.1.4 Metal removal fluids used for wet machining operations (such as cutting, drilling, milling, or grinding) that remove metal to produce the finished part are a subset of metalworking fluids. This practice does not apply to other operations (such as stamping, rolling, forging, or casting) that use metalworking fluids other than metal removal fluids. These other types of metalworking fluid operations are not included in this document because of limited information on health effects, including epidemiology studies, and on control technologies. Nonetheless, some of the exposure control approaches and guidance contained in this document may be useful for managing respiratory hazards associated with other types of metalworking fluids.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers non-floating products made from plastics (including packaging and coatings) that are designed to be biodegradable under the marine environmental conditions of aerobic marine waters or anaerobic marine sediments, or both. (Possible environments are shallow and deep salt water and brackish water.) This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling materials and products, including packaging, as "biodegradable in marine waters and sediments." The products should exhibit satisfactory performances in terms of disintegration during marine degradation, inherent biodegradation, and environmental toxicity. However, this specification does not describe the contents or their performance with regard to biodegradability.1.1 This specification covers products made from plastics (including packaging and coatings) that are designed to be biodegradable under the marine environmental conditions of aerobic marine waters or anaerobic marine sediments, or both. (Possible environments are shallow and deep salt water and brackish water.)1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling materials and products, including packaging, as "biodegradable in marine waters and sediments."1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if products (including packaging) will biodegrade satisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further, the properties in the specification are required to assure that the degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or utility of the marine resources and habitat.1.4 This specification does not describe contents or their performance with regard to biodegradability.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Each Occupant Requirement Scale (see Figs. 1-5) in this classification provides a means to set the required level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability and to compare that level against any level of any other occupant, or of any building or facility.4.2 Each Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-5) in this classification provides a means to estimate the level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability and to compare that level against any level of requirement of any occupant, or of any other building or facility.4.3 This classification can be used for comparing how well different buildings or facilities meet a particular requirement for serviceability. It is applicable despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.4.4 This classification can be used to estimate the amount of variance of serviceability from target or from requirement, for a single office facility, or within a group of office facilities.4.5 This classification can be used to estimate the following:4.5.1 Serviceability of an existing facility for uses other than its present use.4.5.2 Serviceability (potential) of a facility that has been planned but not yet built.4.5.3 Serviceability (potential) of a facility for which remodeling has been planned.4.6 Use of this classification does not result in building evaluation or diagnosis. Building evaluation or diagnosis generally requires a special expertise in building engineering or technology, and the use of instruments, tools, or measurements.4.7 This classification applies only to facilities that are building constructions, or part thereof. (While classification may be useful in rating the serviceability of facilities that are not building constructions, such facilities are outside the scope of this classification. See discussion under definition 3.1.1.)4.8 This classification is not intended for, and is not suitable for, use for regulatory purposes nor for fire hazard assessment nor for fire risk assessment.1.1 This classification contains pairs of scales for classifying an aspect of the serviceability of an office facility, that is, the capability of an office facility to meet certain possible requirements for suitable thermal environment and indoor air conditions.1.2 Within this aspect of serviceability, each pair of scales shown in Figs. 1-53 is for classifying one topic of serviceability. Each topic typically is broken down into two more demand functions and supply features. Each paragraph in an Occupant Requirement Scale (DEMAND Scale, see Figs. 1-5) summarizes one level of requirement for serviceability on that function, which occupants might require. The matching paragraph in the Facility Rating Scale (SUPPLY Scale, see Figs. 1-5) is a translation of the requirement into a description of certain features of a facility which, taken in combination, indicate that the facility is likely to meet that level of required serviceability.FIG. 1 Demand Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and HumidityFIG. 1 Demand Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and Humidity (continued)FIG. 1 Demand Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and Humidity (continued)FIG. 1 Supply Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and Humidity (continued)FIG. 1 Supply Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and Humidity (continued)FIG. 1 Supply Scale A.4.1 for Information on Temperature and Humidity (continued)FIG. 2 Demand Scale A.4.2 for Information on Indoor Air Quality ConditionsFIG. 2 Demand Scale A.4.2 for Information on Indoor Air Quality Conditions (continued)FIG. 2 Supply Scale A.4.2 for Information on Indoor Air Quality (continued)FIG. 2 Supply Scale A.4.2 for Information on Indoor Air Quality (continued)FIG. 2 Supply Scale A.4.2 for Information on Indoor Air Quality (continued)FIG. 3 Demand Scale A.4.3 for Information on Ventilation Supply AirFIG. 3 Demand Scale A.4.3 for Information on Ventilation Supply Air (continued)FIG. 3 Supply Scale A.4.3 for Information on Ventilation Supply Air (continued)FIG. 3 Supply Scale A.4.3 for Information on Ventilation Supply Air (continued)FIG. 3 Supply Scale A.4.3 for Information on Ventilation Supply Air (continued)FIG. 4 Demand Scale A.4.4 for Information on Local Adjustment by OccupantsFIG. 4 Demand Scale A.4.4 for Information on Local Adjustment by Occupants (continued)FIG. 4 Supply Scale A.4.4 for Information on Local Adjustment by Occupants (continued)FIG. 4 Supply Scale A.4.4 for Information on Local Adjustment by Occupants (continued)FIG. 5 Demand Scale A.4.5 for Information on Ventilation with Openable Windows*Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, 2013, https://cbe.berkeley.edu/research/mixed-mode-building-research/.FIG. 5 Demand Scale A.4.5 for Information on Ventilation with Openable Windows (continued)FIG. 5 Supply Scale A.4.5 for Information on Ventilation with Openable Windows (continued)*Center for the Built Environment, University of California, Berkeley, 2013, https://cbe.berkeley.edu/research/mixed-mode-building-research/.FIG. 5 Supply Scale A.4.5 for Information on Ventilation with Openable Windows (continued)FIG. 5 Supply Scale A.4.5 for Information on Ventilation with Openable Windows (continued)1.3 The paragraphs in the Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-5) are indicative and not comprehensive. They are for quick scanning to estimate approximately, quickly, and economically how well a facility is likely to meet the needs of one or another type of occupant group over time. The paragraphs are not for measuring, knowing, or evaluating how an office facility is performing.1.4 This classification can be used to estimate the level of serviceability of an existing facility. It can also be used to estimate the serviceability of a facility that has been planned but not yet built, such as one for which schematic or preliminary drawings and outline specifications have been prepared.1.5 This standard indicates what would cause a facility to be rated (classified) at a certain level of serviceability but does not state how to conduct a serviceability rating or how to assign a serviceability score. That information is found in Practice E1334. The scales in this classification are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1334. Each requires the other.1.6 This standard indicates what would cause a requirement to be classified as being at a specific level, but does not state how to ascertain a requirement, or how to assign a specific level. This information is found in Practice E1679. The scales in this classification are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1679. Each requires the other.1.7 The scales are intended to identify the levels of various requirements unique to a particular user, and the serviceability (capability) of a building to meet those requirements. The scales thus supplement rather than include code requirements. It remains the responsibility of designers, builders, and building managers to meet applicable code requirements relative to their respective roles in facility design, construction, and ongoing management.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers the exposure of plastics to a specific test environment. The test environment is a laboratory-scale reactor that simulates a self-heating composting system and that uses aeration to control maximum temperature. Plastic exposure occurs in the presence of a media undergoing aerobic composting. The standard media simulates a municipal solid waste from which inert materials have been removed. This practice allows for the use of other media to represent particular waste streams. This practice provides exposed specimens for further testing and for comparison with controls. This test environment does not necessarily reproduce conditions that could occur in a particular full-scale composting process. 1.2 Changes in the material properties of the plastic and controls should be determined using appropriate ASTM test procedures. Changes could encompass physical and chemical changes such as disintegration and degradation. 1.3 This practice may be used for different purposes. Therefore, the interested parties must select the following: exposure conditions from those allowed by this practice; criteria for a valid exposure, that is, minimum or maximum change requirements for the compost and controls; and the magnitudes of material properties changes required for the plastic specimens. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8. Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This practice covers the exposure of plastics to a specific test environment. The test environment is an externally-heated laboratory-scale reactor that simulates a composting system. Plastic exposure occurs in the presence of a media undergoing aerobic composting. The standard media simulates a municipal solid waste from which inert materials have been removed. This practice allows for the use of other media to represent particular waste streams. This practice provides exposed specimens for further testing and for comparison with controls. This test environment does not necessarily reproduce conditions that could occur in a particular full-scale composting process. 1.2 Changes in the material properties of the plastic and controls should be determined using appropriate ASTM test procedures. Changes could encompass physical and chemical changes such as disintegration and degradation. 1.3 This practice may be used for different purposes. Therefore, the interested parties must select: exposure conditions from those allowed by this practice; criteria for a valid exposure, that is, minimum or maximum change requirements for the compost and controls; and the magnitudes of material properties changes required for the plastic specimens. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8. Note 1-There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Autoclave tests are commonly used to evaluate the corrosion performance of metallic and non-metallic materials under simulated HP and HTHP service conditions. Examples of service environments in which HP and HTHP corrosion tests have been used include chemical processing, petroleum production and refining, food processing, pressurized cooling water, electric power systems, and aerospace propulsion.5.2 For the applications of corrosion testing listed in 5.1, the service environment involves handling corrosive and potentially hazardous media under conditions of high pressure or high temperature, or both. The temperature and pressure, among other parameters, usually drive the composition and properties of the aqueous phase and, hence, the severity of the corrosion process. Consequently, the laboratory evaluation of corrosion severity cannot be performed in conventional low pressure glassware without making potentially invalid assumptions as to the potential effects of high temperature and pressure on corrosion severity.5.3 Therefore, there is a substantial need to provide standardized methods by which corrosion testing can be performed under HP and HTHP. In many cases, however, the standards used for exposure of specimens in conventional low-pressure glassware experiments cannot be followed due to the limitations of access, volume, and visibility arising from the construction of high-pressure test cells. This guide refers to existing corrosion standards and practices, as applicable, and then goes further in areas in which specific guidelines for performing HP and HTHP corrosion testing are needed.1.1 This guide covers procedures, specimens, and equipment for conducting laboratory corrosion tests on metallic materials under conditions of high pressure (HP) or the combination of high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). See 3.2 for definitions of high pressure and temperature.1.2 The procedures and methods in this guide are applicable for conducting mass loss corrosion, localized corrosion, and electrochemical tests as well as for use in environmentally induced cracking tests that need to be conducted under HP or HTHP conditions.1.3 The primary purpose for this guide is to promote consistency of corrosion test results. Furthermore, this guide will aid in the comparison of corrosion data between laboratories or testing organizations that utilize different equipment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The SCCW may be present in the workplace atmosphere where these materials are manufactured, processed, transported, or used. This test method can be used to monitor airborne concentrations of fibers in these environments. It may be employed as part of a personal or area monitoring strategy.This test method is based on morphology, elemental composition, and crystal structure. The analysis technique has the ability to positively identify SCCW.Note 1—This test method assumes that the analyst is familiar with the operation of TEM/EDS instrumentation and the interpretation of data obtained using these techniques.This test method is applicable for the measurement of the total population of SCCW fibers including fibers with diameters ≤0.1 μm.Results from the use of this test method shall be reported along with 95 % confidence limits for the samples being studied. Individual laboratories shall determine their intralaboratory coefficient of variation and use it for reporting 95 % confidence limits (2,5,6).1.1 This test method covers the sampling methods and analysis techniques used to assess the airborne concentration and size distribution of single-crystal ceramic whiskers (SCCW), such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which may occur in and around the workplace where these materials are manufactured, processed, transported, or used. This test method is based on the filtration of a known quantity of air through a filter. The filter is subsequently evaluated with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the number of fibers meeting appropriately selected morphological and compositional criteria. This test method has the ability to distinguish among different types of fibers based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. This test method may be appropriate for other man-made mineral fibers (MMMF).1.2 This test method is applicable to the quantitation of fibers on a collection filter that are greater than 0.5 μm in length, less than 3 μm in width, and have an aspect ratio equal to or greater than 5:1 (1). The data are directly convertible to a statement of concentration per unit volume of air sampled. This test method is limited by the amount of coincident interference particles.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

The SCCW may be present in the workplace atmosphere where these materials are manufactured, processed, transported, or used. This test method can be used to monitor airborne concentrations of fibers in these environments. It may be employed as part of a personal or area monitoring strategy.This test method is based on dimensional considerations only. As such, it does not provide a positive identification of the fibers counted. Analysis by SEM or TEM is required when additional fiber identification information is needed.Note 1—This test method assumes that the analyst is familiar with the operation of PCM instrumentation and the interpretation of data obtained using this technique.This test method is not appropriate for measurement of fibers with diameters less than approximately 0.25 μm due to visibility limitations associated with PCM. The SEM or TEM methods may be used to provide additional size information of SCCW if needed (refer to Practice D6058 for additional information on the use of these methods).Results from the use of this test method shall be reported along with 95 % confidence limits for the samples being studied. Individual laboratories shall determine their intralaboratory coefficient of variation and use it for reporting 95 % confidence limits (1,3,4).1.1 This test method covers the sampling methods and analysis techniques used to assess the airborne concentration of single-crystal ceramic whiskers (SCCW), such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which may occur in and around the workplace where these materials are manufactured, processed, transported, or used. This test method is based on the collection of fibers by filtration of a known quantity of air through a filter. The filter is subsequently evaluated with a phase contrast microscope (PCM) for the number of fibers meeting appropriately selected counting criteria. This test method cannot distinguish among different types of fibers. This test method may be appropriate for other man-made mineral fibers (MMMF).1.2 This test method is applicable to the quantitation of fibers on a collection filter that are greater than 5 μm in length, less than 3 μm in width, and have an aspect ratio equal to or greater than 5:1. The data are directly convertible to a statement of concentration per unit volume of air sampled. This test method is limited by the diameter of the fibers visible by PCM (typically greater than 0.25 μm in width) and the amount and type of coincident interference particles.1.3 A more definitive analysis may be necessary to confirm the identity and dimensions of the fibers located with the PCM, especially where other fiber types may be present. Such techniques may include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The use of these test methods for the identification and size determination of SCCW is described in Practice D6058 and Test Methods D6059 and D6056.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元