定价： 1515元 / 折扣价： 1288 元

定价： 1515元 / 折扣价： 1288 元

5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air flow characteristics of various components of the window system under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.NOTE 3: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4 ,5,6 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.1.1 This test method is a modified version of Test Method E283/E283M, and provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining air leakage separately through the face and sides of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen.NOTE 1: Detailing buildings with continuous air barriers requires that the air barrier plane in a window system be clearly defined. When special circumstances dictate that the air barrier be sealed to the window frame at a location other than that used to seal the specimen to the test chamber in this test method, additional laboratory testing may be required to clarify potential paths of air flow through the sides of the window frame. The adapted testing procedure described herein is intended for this purpose.1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.NOTE 2: Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783. Test Method E783 will not provide the user with a means of determining air flow through the sides of tested specimens.1.4 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement see Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Paper machine rolls can range in size from 2.4 to 9 m [8 to 30 ft] long, with a shell thickness of from 12.5 to 75 mm [0.5 to 3 in.,] and 300 to 1200 mm [12 to 48 in.] diameter. Depending on purpose, paper machine rolls can weigh as little as 60 000 kg [13 000 lb] to as much as 27 500 kg [60 000 lb].5.2 If indications are found during this procedure it can be repeated, with additional sensors to refine source location accuracy.5.3 Removal of rolls for traditional NDT examination may be impractical and may not be sensitive enough to locate small defects.5.4 Traditional AE examination, whereby the roll is subjected to load greater than service load to detect crack extension, risks damage to the roll and is best employed as a follow-up NDT examination.5.5 Manual rotation through a full revolution subjects existing cracks to tensile and compressive forces which can open and close existing cracks, and cause friction at the crack surfaces.5.6 Excess background noise (overhead cranes, nearby maintenance activities) may distort AE data or render it useless. Users must be aware of the following common sources of background noise: bearing noise (lack of lubrication, spalling, and so forth), mechanical contact with the roll by other objects, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) from nearby broadcasting facilities and from other sources. This practice should not be used if background noise cannot be eliminated or controlled.5.7 Other Non-destructive test methods may be used to evaluate the significance of AE indications. Traditional AE has been used to confirm the existence of the AE indication and fine tune the location. Magnetic particle, ultrasonic and radiographic examinations have been used to establish the position, depth and dimensions of the indication. Procedures for using other NDT methods are beyond the scope of this practice.1.1 This practice provides guidelines for acoustic emission (AE) examinations of non-pressure, paper machine rolls.1.2 This practice utilizes a slow rotation of the roll to produce a full load cycle where load is provided by the weight of the roll suspended from its bearings or other journal support mechanism(s).1.3 This practice is used for detection of cracks and other discontinuities in rolls that produce frictional acoustic emission during rotation.1.4 The AE measurements are used to detect or locate emission sources, or both. Other nondestructive test (NDT) methods must be used to evaluate the significance of AE sources. Procedures for other NDT techniques are beyond the scope of this practice. See Note 1.NOTE 1: Traditional AE examination, magnetic particle examination, shear wave ultrasonic examination, and radiography are commonly used to establish the exact position and dimensions of flaws that produce AE.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification is intended to help ensure barrier face coverings meeting the stated requirements provide (1) a means of source control for individual wearers by reducing expelled aerosols from the wearer’s nose and mouth into the air; and (2) a degree of particulate filtration that potentially reduces the amount of aerosols inhaled by the wearer.NOTE 1: The source control/protection provided by barrier face coverings depends on several factors not considered in this specification, such as material degradation from wearer challenges including perspiration, talking, sneezing, and the length of time the barrier face covering is worn. Further research is needed to expand the evidence base for the protective effect of face coverings and, in particular, to identify the combinations of materials that maximize both their blocking and filtering effectiveness, as well as fit, comfort, durability, and consumer appeal. (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/more/masking-science-sars-cov2.html.)NOTE 2: There are currently no established methods for measuring outward leakage from a barrier face covering, medical mask, or respirator. Nothing in this specification addresses or implies a quantitative assessment of outward leakage and no claims can be made about the degree to which a barrier face covering reduces expired human-generated aerosols.1.2 This specification establishes minimum design, performance (testing), labeling, user instruction, reporting and classification, and conformity assessment requirements for barrier face coverings.1.2.1 Design criteria include setting minimum areas of face coverage over the wearer’s nose and mouth, prohibiting open vents or valves, requiring a means for retaining the barrier face covering on the wearer’s head, and providing a representation of product sizing. Manufacturers are further required to perform a design analysis for assessing leakage of exhaled air from the barrier face covering where the general approach is described in the product report. Manufacturers are permitted to conduct quantitative testing as specified in this specification to supplement the design analysis. Accessories, such as braces or other devices that allow the barrier face covering to better conform to the wearer’s face, are addressed as part of this specification if used for the purpose of reducing leakage.1.2.2 Performance and testing criteria define minimum barrier face covering filtration efficiency and airflow resistance performance properties. Sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency represents the ability to capture and reduce respirable aerosols that potentially contain viruses and bacteria. Airflow resistance represents the wearer’s ease of breathing or breathability while wearing the barrier face covering. The impact of repeated cleaning or laundering on continued performance is applied for measuring performance properties for those barrier face coverings that are intended for reuse. Manufacturers are permitted to also provide test results for bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) as supplemental information to the mandatory performance measurement of sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency.NOTE 3: The principal performance criteria for barrier face covering determined by testing are sub-micron particle filtration efficiency and airflow resistance. Quantitative leakage assessment testing is optional for information purposes and is not required. This testing is not likely to be representative of outward leakage from the barrier face covering and should not be claimed to represent the amount of source control offered by the face covering. Bacterial filtration efficiency testing is also optional and not required. It is significantly different than sub-micron filtration efficiency, and the results of BFE testing cannot be interchanged or directly compared.1.2.3 Labeling requirements specify the minimum content for labels that appear on the barrier face covering, its immediate packaging, and if different, point-of-sale packaging.1.2.4 User instructions are required to guide selection and sizing, proper use (positioning and adjustment), and care including cleaning or laundering if product reuse is intended; inform on product cautions and limitations; and describe product replacement and disposal procedures.1.2.5 Conformity assessment is demonstrated with a Supplier Declaration of Conformity (SDOC) following Guide F3050, Annex A3, Model A. The SDOC states that each barrier face covering labeled as compliant has met all of the requirements of this specification including design criteria, performance criteria, test methods, labeling, and user information. Additionally, conformance to this specification requires that sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency and airflow resistance tests have been performed by a laboratory accredited for conducting these tests.NOTE 4: This specification does not provide for any form of provisional, limited, or partial conformance of barrier face coverings since their compliance with this specification is a function of meeting all performance requirements, including specific filtration efficiency and breathability requirements, as well as all applicable design, labeling, reporting, and user information requirements.1.3 This specification addresses barrier face coverings that are either disposable or reusable.1.4 This specification does not address the unique additional performance attributes of barrier face coverings that exist for certain applications, such as flame-resistant apparel used in environments where there are flame, high heat, electrical arc, or related hazards, but does recommend that barrier face coverings also conform to other standards as applicable.1.5 This specification does not address the use of antimicrobial or antiviral materials, finishes, or mechanisms, nor the use of drugs, biologics, or nanoparticles in barrier face coverings. This specification also does not address the efficacy of cleaning agents or other chemicals for cleaning, disinfecting, or sanitizing barrier face coverings.NOTE 5: Claims made about the use of antimicrobial materials, finishes, or mechanisms; or the use of drugs, biologics, or nanoparticles in any product subject the manufacturer to regulatory oversight by government agencies, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the United States, which applies additional safety and efficacy requirements to these products. See 5.1.2 for the requirement of nontoxic and non-irritating materials used in the construction of barrier face coverings.1.6 This specification does not address requirements for medical face masks, which are covered in Specification F2100.1.7 Nothing in this specification is intended to contradict or replace criteria that are established in 42 CFR Part 84 for air-purifying respirators or requirements for use of respirators in accordance with 29 CFR 1910.134.1.8 Nothing in this specification is intended to imply that barrier face coverings qualify as approved respiratory protection devices or have FDA clearance for use in a healthcare setting.1.9 Nothing in this specification is intended to imply that barrier face coverings should be placed on very young children (<2 years), anyone who has trouble breathing, or anyone who is unconscious, incapacitated, or otherwise unable to remove barrier face coverings without assistance.1.10 The values stated in SI units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.NOTE 6: There are several aspects that relate to the material composition and design of barrier face coverings that are not addressed in this specification but warrant attention relative to their safety, health effects, and impact on the environment, including but not limited to: leaching of potentially toxic finishes, inhalable toxic substances from materials, and bioburden inhibitors subject to regulatory oversight.1.11 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.12 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers glazing compounds for application on any metal sash for back bedding and face glazing for exterior or interior exposure. This specification does not apply to materials for use in channel or stop glazing.1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification covers performance requirements and test methods for face protectors marketed, sold, and intended for ice hockey.1.2 The intent of this specification is to reduce the risk of injury to the face without compromising the form or appeal of the game. To do so, the face protector shall be used:1.2.1 As intended within the rules of the game and1.2.2 In accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.1.3 Ice hockey is a sport with intrinsic hazards associated with the normal conduct of the game. Participation in ice hockey implies the acceptance of some risk of injury. Use of a face protector certified to this specification will not prevent all injuries.1.4 This specification has been prepared after careful consideration of the frequency and mechanisms associated with facial and eye injuries that can potentially occur within the rules of the game of ice hockey.1.5 Requirements and the corresponding test methods, where appropriate, are given for the following:1.5.1 Construction,1.5.2 Puck impact resistance,1.5.3 Penetration,1.5.4 Field of vision, and1.5.5 Marking and information.1.6 Face protection is intended for use by players, goalkeepers, and certain functionaries (for example, referees and coaches). Types of protectors considered under this specification are:1.6.1 Type B1—A full-face protector intended for use by persons older than ten years of age, other than goaltenders;1.6.2 Type B2—A full-face protector intended for use by persons ten years of age or younger, other than goaltenders; and1.6.3 Type C (Visor)—A visor intended for use by person in the junior age category and older, other than goaltenders.1.7 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 Use of the singular does not exclude the plural (and vice versa) when the sense allows.1.9 Although the intended primary application of this specification is stated in this scope, note that it remains the responsibility of the users of this specification to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification applies to face and ear protective devices (FEPDs) designed for use by participants in the sport of air soft with 6-mm air soft projectiles. These FEPDs are designed to be used in conjunction or in some cases include the eye protection discussed in Specification F2879 to minimize or significantly reduce injury to the face and ears as a result of impact and penetration of air soft projectiles.1.2 FEPDs meeting the requirements of this specification offer protection to portions of the face and ears of the user and not necessarily the entire head.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following information is provided for the laboratory conducting the test for the protection of their personnel: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers protective face guards designed to be attached to a pre-existing helmet for youth baseball. General requirements for protective face guards shall include mechanical strength, durability, flexibility, finish, padding, attachment system, and shall not cause skin irritation. The face guard shall undergo velocity and impact testing using apparatus such as headform and mounting, ball propelling device, and gage.1.1 This specification covers protective face guards for sports such as youth baseball (batters and baserunners).1.2 This type of face guard is designed to be attached to a pre-existing helmet.1.3 The equipment covered by this specification is intended to reduce hazards of injury to the face, including eyes and mouth, due to impacts from baseballs or softballs.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for predicting the effect of weathering on adhesion, surface cracking and peeling, deep bead cracking, oil exudation, and wrinkling of face glazing or bedding compounds, or both, intended for exterior use on steel, aluminum, or other metal sash.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any equivalent standard published by other ASTM committees, ISO or any other standards organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers the classifications, performance requirements, and test methods for the materials used in the construction of medical face masks that are used in health care services such as surgery and patient care. Medical face mask material performance is based on testing for bacterial filtration efficiency, differential pressure, sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency, resistance to penetration by synthetic blood, and flammability. This specification does not address all aspects of medical face mask design and performance, the effectiveness of medical face mask designs as related to the barrier and breathability properties, and respiratory protection, which may be necessary for some health care services.1.1 This specification covers testing and requirements for materials used in the construction of medical face masks that are used in providing healthcare services such as surgery and patient care.1.1.1 This specification addresses medical masks with ties (surgical masks) and ear loops (procedure masks or isolation masks).1.2 This specification provides for the classification of medical face mask material performance. Medical face mask material performance is based on testing for bacterial filtration efficiency, differential pressure, sub-micron particulate filtration efficiency, resistance to penetration by synthetic blood, and flammability.1.3 This specification does not address all aspects of medical face mask design and performance. This specification does not specifically evaluate the effectiveness of medical face mask designs as related to their overall barrier and breathability properties.1.3.1 This specification does not include any specific design criteria for medical face masks; however, surgical masks are differentiated by having ties to allow adjustment of the medical face mask fit in comparison to procedure or isolation masks, which use ear loops to affix the mask to the wearer’s face.1.4 This specification does not address requirements for regulated respiratory protection devices such as respirators, which may be necessary for some healthcare services and exposure to inhalation hazards.NOTE 1: Performance requirements for NIOSH-approved N95 respirators are described in 42 CFR Part 84. Additional requirements for NIOSH-approved N95 respirators intended for use in healthcare settings are described in the Memorandum of Understanding between FDA and NIOSH. FDA/NIOSH MOU 225-18-006, November 2017 and the NIOSH Conformity Assessment Letter to Manufacturers, NIOSH CA 2018-1010, November 2018.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method offers a procedure for evaluation of medical face mask materials for bacterial filtration efficiency. This test method does not define acceptable levels of bacterial filtration efficiency. Therefore, when using this test method it is necessary to describe the specific condition under which testing is conducted.5.2 This test method has been specifically designed for measuring bacterial filtration efficiency of medical face masks, using Staphylococcus aureus as the challenge organism. The use of S. aureus is based on its clinical relevance as a leading cause of nosocomial infections.5.3 This test method has been designed to introduce a bacterial aerosol challenge to the test specimens at a flow rate of 28.3 L/mm (1 ft3/min). This flow rate is within the range of normal respiration and within the limitations of the cascade impactor.5.4 Unless otherwise specified, the testing shall be performed with the inside of the medical face mask in contact with the bacterial challenge. Testing may be performed with the aerosol challenge directed through either the face side or liner side of the test specimen, thereby allowing evaluation of filtration efficiencies which relate to both patient-generated aerosols and wearer-generated aerosols.5.5 Degradation by physical, chemical, and thermal stresses could negatively impact the performance of the medical face mask material. The integrity of the material can also be compromised during use by such effects as flexing and abrasion, or by wetting with contaminants such as alcohol and perspiration. Testing without these stresses could lead to a false sense of security. If these conditions are of concern, evaluate the performance of the medical face mask material for bacterial filtration efficiency following an appropriate pretreatment technique representative of the expected conditions of use. Consider preconditioning to assess the impact of storage conditions and shelf life for disposable products, and the effects of laundering and sterilization for reusable products.5.6 If this procedure is used for quality control, perform proper statistical design and analysis of larger data sets. This type of analysis includes, but is not limited to, the number of individual specimens tested, the average percent bacterial filtration efficiency, and standard deviation. Data reported in this way help to establish confidence limits concerning product performance. Examples of acceptable sampling plans are found in references such as ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and ISO 2859-1.1.1 This test method is used to measure the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of medical face mask materials, employing a ratio of the upstream bacterial challenge to downstream residual concentration to determine filtration efficiency of medical face mask materials.1.2 This test method is a quantitative method that allows filtration efficiency for medical face mask materials to be determined. The maximum filtration efficiency that can be determined by this method is 99.9 %.1.3 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of biological aerosol exposure. Users of the test method should review modes for worker exposure and assess the appropriateness of the method for their specific applications.1.4 This test method evaluates medical face mask materials as an item of protective clothing but does not evaluate materials for regulatory approval as respirators. If respiratory protection for the wearer is needed, a NIOSH-certified respirator should be used. Relatively high bacterial filtration efficiency measurements for a particular medical face mask material do not ensure that the wearer will be protected from biological aerosols, since this test method primarily evaluates the performance of the composite materials used in the construction of the medical face mask and not its design, fit, or facial-sealing properties.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance of the standard.1.6 This test method does not address breathability of the medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting the ease of breathing through the medical face mask material.1.7 This test method may also be used to measure the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of other porous medical products such as surgical gowns, surgical drapes, and sterile barrier systems.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the testing of wood sash face glazing compounds for accelerated aging. Note-Test Method D2249 describes a similar procedure for a different type of glazing compound. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This document covers specifications and conformity assessment methods for new head and face protectors for ice hockey goaltenders, as offered for initial sale. This specification is intended to reduce the risk of injury associated with playing the position of goaltender in ice hockey. The protectors are classified according to types: Type I and Type II. Optical tests, shock attenuation tests, puck impact tests, penetration resistance tests, and neck strap retention test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified.1.1 This performance specification2 covers performance requirements for ice hockey goaltender head and face protectors.1.2 The intent of this performance specification is to reduce the risk of injury to the head and face of ice hockey goaltenders without compromising the form and appeal of the game.1.3 This specification has requirements for: (1) materials, assembly, and design; (2) protected areas (coverage) and penetration resistance; (3) shock absorption; (4) puck impact resistance; (5) extensibility and strength of the chin strap and its attachment; and (6) optical quality.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method offers a procedure for evaluating medical face mask resistance to synthetic blood penetration that is useful in establishing claims for penetration resistance performance of medical face masks and ranking their performance. However, this test method does not define acceptable levels of penetration resistance because this determination must be made by each responsible user organization based on its own specific application and conditions. Therefore, when using this test method to make claims for the performance of medical face masks, the specific conditions under which testing is conducted must be described.5.2 Medical face masks are intended to resist liquid penetration from the splatter or splashing of blood, body fluids, and other potentially infectious materials. Many factors affect the wetting and penetration characteristics of body fluids, such as surface tension, viscosity, and polarity of the fluid, as well as the structure and relative hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the materials and the design of the mask itself. The surface tension range for blood and body fluids (excluding saliva) is approximately 0.042 to 0.060 N/m.7 To help simulate the wetting characteristics of blood and body fluids, the surface tension of the synthetic blood is adjusted to approximate the lower end of this surface tension range. The resulting surface tension of the synthetic blood is 0.042 ± 0.002 N/m.5.3 The synthetic blood mixture is prepared with a red dye to aid in visual detection and a thickening agent to simulate the flow characteristics of blood. The synthetic blood will not always duplicate the polarity, and thus the wetting behavior and subsequent penetration, of real blood and other body fluids through protective clothing materials.5.4 During a medical procedure, a blood vessel is occasionally punctured resulting in a high velocity stream of blood impacting a protective medical face mask. The impact velocity depends on several factors, the most important being the blood pressure of the patient. Other factors include the size of the puncture and distance from the puncture. Because the pressure, and thus velocity drops quickly with large punctures, large punctures were not used to model the range of blood splatter velocities considered in this test. Furthermore, this test method is based on the assumption that the medical face mask will be in close proximity (within 300 mm or 12 in.) to the puncture area. The use of this test method is, therefore, based on selecting an appropriate blood pressure, finding the corresponding stream or impact velocity, and determining the valve time to create that stream velocity as shown in Appendix X1.5.4.1 The mean human blood pressure generally varies over a range of about 10.7 to 16.0 kPa (80 to 120 mmHg).8 In this test method, medical face masks are tested at stream velocities corresponding to 10.7 kPa, 16.0 kPa, and 21.3 kPa (80 mmHg, 120 mmHg, and 160 mmHg).5.5 This test method permits the use of other non-standard test pressures, stream velocities, fluid volumes, and specimen orientations for evaluating medical face mask penetration resistance consistent with specific applications.5.6 This test method differs from Test Method F1670/F1670M by dispensing a stream of 2 mL of synthetic blood against the target area of a complete medical mask specimen, whereas Test Method F1670/F1670M involves the continuous contact of a specimen of protective clothing with synthetic blood over the period of an hour. One minute of the exposure in Test Method F1670/F1670M is at hydrostatic pressure of 13.8 kPa [2.0 psig]. Test Method F1670/F1670M is used for preliminary evaluation of protective clothing penetration resistance to synthetic blood in conjunction with Test Method F1671/F1671M that uses a microbiological challenge. Both procedures are intended for assessment of protective clothing which has the potential to contact blood or other body fluids for extended periods of time, and under pressure.5.7 Users of this test method must realize that certain tradeoffs exist between improved resistance of medical face masks to penetration by synthetic blood and in pressure drop across mask materials as an indicator of medical face mask breathability. In general, increasing synthetic blood penetration resistance for medical face masks results in increasing pressure drop or reduced breathability for medical face masks of the same design and fit of the individual wearer.5.8 This test method evaluates medical face masks as an item of protective clothing and does not evaluate medical face masks as respirators. If respiratory protection for the wearer is needed, a NIOSH-certified respirator must be used. This test method is useful to evaluate the resistance of a respirator to penetration by synthetic blood, if warranted.5.9 This test method involves the preconditioning of specimen medical face masks in a relatively high humidity environment (85 ± 5 % relative humidity at 21 ± 5 °C [70 ± 10 °F]) to simulate the conditions of use when the wearer creates high humidity conditions by breathing through the mask. This preconditioning does not account for saturation of the interior medical face mask layer. However, additional pretreatment techniques in conjunction with this test method as described in 5.10 are permitted. Professional healthcare providers recommend that medical face masks be replaced when saturation occurs from breathing or from contact with other liquids.5.10 Testing prior to degradation by physical, chemical, and thermal stresses which could negatively impact the performance of the protective barrier, could lead to a false sense of security. Consider tests which assess the impact of storage conditions and shelf life for disposable products, and the effects of laundering and sterilization for reusable products. The integrity of the protective clothing is occasionally compromised during use by such effects as flexing and abrasion.9 It is also possible that pre-wetting by contaminants such as alcohol and perspiration also compromises the integrity of the protective clothing. If these conditions are of concern, evaluate the performance of protective clothing for synthetic blood penetration following an appropriate pretreatment technique representative of the expected conditions of use.5.11 While this test method involves a qualitative determination of the medical face mask resistance to penetration by synthetic blood under specific test conditions, it is possible to use this test method as a material quality control or assurance procedure.5.12 If this procedure is used for quality control, perform proper statistical design and analysis of larger data sets when more than the required specimens are tested. This type of analysis includes, but is not limited to, the number of individual specimens tested, the average percent passing or failing, or both, with a standard deviation. Data reported in this way help to establish confidence limits concerning product performance. Examples of acceptable sampling plans are found in references such as ANSI/ASQC Z1.4 and ISO 2859-1.5.13 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, conduct comparative tests between the purchaser and supplier to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for investigation of bias. At minimum, take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of the product of the type in question. Randomly assign test specimens in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Compare the average results from the two laboratories using a non-parametric test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.1.1 This test method is used to evaluate the resistance of medical face masks to penetration by the impact of a small volume (~2 mL) of a high-velocity stream of synthetic blood. Medical face mask pass/fail determinations are based on visual detection of synthetic blood penetration.1.2 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of blood-borne pathogen exposure. Users of the test method must review modes for face exposure and assess the appropriateness of this test method for their specific application.1.3 This test method primarily addresses the performance of materials or certain material constructions used in medical face masks. This test method does not address the performance of the medical face mask’s design, construction, or interfaces or other factors with the potential to affect the overall protection offered by the medical face mask and its operation (such as filtration efficiency and pressure drop). Procedures for measuring these properties are contained in Test Method F2101 and MIL-M-36954C.1.4 This test method does not address breathability of the medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting the ease of breathing through the medical face mask. This test method evaluates medical face masks as an item of protective clothing. This test method does not evaluate the performance of medical face masks for airborne exposure pathways or in the prevention of the penetration of aerosolized body fluids deposited on the medical face mask.1.5 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The pressure values stated in each system are not exact equivalents. However, as the corresponding velocities are within 1 % of each other, (see X1.4.2), reporting of the results in either units is permitted.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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