定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

This specification describes the recommended procedure for identifying the performance and operating requirements to be included in a purchase order for Traffic Monitoring Devices. The traffic monitoring device shall be classified according to the function they perform, that data they provide, the required accuracy of the data, and the conditions under which the device is expected to operate in conformity with the requirements. Acceptance test are divided into two categories: type-approval test and on-site verification test. The accuracy required of a TMD for data acquisition and characterization of vehicles and traffic flow parameters is related to the traffic management or data reporting task supported by the device.1.1 This specification describes the recommended procedure for identifying the performance and operating requirements to be included in a purchase order for Traffic Monitoring Devices. As such, the specification can be referenced by the user and seller when determining compliance with each specified requirement. It is the intent of this specification to have the user require the seller to provide evidence that the brand and model of TMD offered by the seller has passed an applicable Type-approval Test. If the TMD has not previously passed a Type-approval Test, then it is the intent of this specification to have the device type-approved before it is accepted by the user. If the TMD has previously passed a Type-approval Test, then this specification requires that the production version of the device provided by the seller pass an On-site Verification Test before being accepted by the user.1.2 Traffic Monitoring Device—A Traffic Monitoring Device (TMD) is equipment that counts and classifies vehicles and measures vehicle flow characteristics such as vehicle speed, lane occupancy, turning movements, intervehicle gaps, and other parameters typically used to portray traffic movement. TMDs usually contain a sensing element that converts the signal-generating phenomenon (such as, air pulse generated by a vehicle tire passing over a pneumatic tube) into an electrical signal and electronics that amplify, filter, and otherwise condition the signal. Some TMDs provide outputs as relay or solid-state switch closures, while others contain signal processing that translates the signal into the required vehicle and vehicle flow data. TMDs whose outputs are relay or solid state switch closures may be connected to roadside controllers, which process the switch-closure information and convert it into vehicle flow data.1.3 Characterization of Traffic Monitoring Devices—This specification classifies Traffic Monitoring Devices by the functions they perform, the data they provide, the required accuracy of the data, and the conditions under which the device is expected to operate in conformity with the requirements developed through this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 There is a wide variety of nitration compounds that may be produced and accumulate when oils react with gaseous nitrates formed during the engine combustion process. These nitration products may increase the viscosity, acidity and insolubles in the oil, which may lead to ring sticking and filter plugging. Monitoring of nitration products is therefore an important parameter in determining overall machinery health and should be considered in conjunction with data from other tests such as atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy for wear metal analysis (Test Method D5185), physical property tests (Test Methods D445 and D2896), and other FT-IR oil analysis methods for oxidation (Test Method D7414), sulfate by-products (Test Method D7415), and additive depletion (Test Method D7412), which also assess elements of the oil’s condition (1-6).1.1 This test method covers monitoring nitration in gasoline and natural gas engine oils as well as in other types of lubricants where nitration by-products may form due to the combustion process or other routes of formation of nitration compounds.1.2 This test method uses FT-IR spectroscopy for monitoring build-up of nitration by-products in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants as a result of normal machinery operation. Nitration levels in gasoline and natural gas engine oils rise as combustion by-products react with the oil as a result of exhaust gas recirculation or a blow-by. This test method is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for monitoring of nitration in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants with the objective of helping diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on measuring the level of nitration in the oil.1.3 Acquisition of FT-IR spectral data for measuring nitration in in-service oil and lubricant samples is described in Practice D7418. In this test method, measurement and data interpretation parameters for nitration using both direct trend analysis and differential (spectral subtraction) trend analysis are presented.1.4 This test method is based on trending of spectral changes associated with nitration in in-service petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants. For direct trend analysis, values are recorded directly from absorption spectra and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre). For differential trend analysis, values are recorded from the differential spectra (spectrum obtained by subtraction of the spectrum of the reference oil from that of the in-service oil) and reported in units of 100*absorbance per 0.1 mm pathlength (or equivalently absorbance units per centimetre). Warnings or alarm limits can be set on the basis of a fixed maximum value for a single measurement or, alternatively, can be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1).2 In either case, such maintenance action limits should be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with the correlation of nitration changes to equipment performance.NOTE 1: It is not the intent of this test method to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.1.5 This test method is for petroleum and hydrocarbon-based lubricants and is not applicable for ester-based oils, including polyol esters or phosphate esters.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6.1 Exception—The unit for wave numbers is cm-1.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The quality of ground water has become an issue of national concern. Ground-water monitoring wells are one of the more important tools for evaluating the quality of ground water, delineating contamination plumes, and establishing the integrity of hazardous material management facilities.5.2 The goal in sampling ground-water monitoring wells is to obtain samples that meet the DQOs. This guide discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various well sampling methods, equipment, and sample preservation techniques. It reviews the variables that need to be considered in developing a valid sampling plan.1.1 This guide covers sampling equipment and procedures and “in the field” preservation, and it does not include well location, depth, well development, design and construction, screening, or analytical procedures that also have a significant bearing on sampling results. This guide is intended to assist a knowledgeable professional in the selection of equipment for obtaining representative samples from ground-water monitoring wells that are compatible with the formations being sampled, the site hydrogeology, and the end use of the data.1.2 This guide is only intended to provide a review of many of the most commonly used methods for collecting ground-water quality samples from monitoring wells and is not intended to serve as a ground-water monitoring plan for any specific application. Because of the large and ever increasing number of options available, no single guide can be viewed as comprehensive. The practitioner must make every effort to ensure that the methods used, whether or not they are addressed in this guide, are adequate to satisfy the monitoring objectives at each site.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice is intended to cover the extraction, analysis, and information management pertaining to visible wear debris collected from oil system filters or debris retention screens. Further, it is intended that this practice be a practical reference for those involved in FDA.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is useful to both suppliers and users of powders, as outlined in 1.1 and 1.2, in determining particle size distribution for product specifications, manufacturing control, development, and research. 5.2 Users should be aware that sample concentrations used in this test method may not be what is considered ideal by some authorities, and that the range of this test method extends into the region where Brownian movement could be a factor in conventional sedimentation. Within the range of this test method, neither the sample concentration nor Brownian movement is believed to be significant. Standard reference materials traceable to national standards, of chemical composition specifically covered by this test method, are available from NIST,3 and perhaps other suppliers. 5.3 Reported particle size measurement is a function of the actual particle dimension and shape factor as well as the particular physical or chemical properties being measured. Caution is required when comparing data from instruments operating on different physical or chemical parameters or with different particle size measurement ranges. Sample acquisition, handling, and preparation can also affect reported particle size results. 5.4 Suppliers and users of data obtained using this test method need to agree upon the suitability of these data to provide specification for and allow performance prediction of the materials analyzed. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of advanced ceramic powders. Experience has shown that this test method is satisfactory for the analysis of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and zirconium oxide in the size range of 0.1 up to 50 µm. 1.1.1 However, the relationship between size and sedimentation velocity used in this test method assumes that particles sediment within the laminar flow regime. It is generally accepted that particles sedimenting with a Reynolds number of 0.3 or less will do so under conditions of laminar flow with negligible error. Particle size distribution analysis for particles settling with a larger Reynolds number may be incorrect due to turbulent flow. Some materials covered by this test method may settle in water with a Reynolds number greater than 0.3 if large particles are present. The user of this test method should calculate the Reynolds number of the largest particle expected to be present in order to judge the quality of obtained results. Reynolds number (Re) can be calculated using the following equation: where: D   =   the diameter of the largest particle expected to be present, in cm, ρ   =   the particle density, in g/cm3, ρ0   =   the suspending liquid density, in g/cm3, g   =   the acceleration due to gravity, 981 cm/sec2, and η   =   the suspending liquid viscosity, in poise. 1.1.2 A table of the largest particles that can be analyzed with a suggested maximum Reynolds number of 0.3 or less in water at 35 °C is given for a number of materials in Table 1. A column of the Reynolds number calculated for a 50-µm particle sedimenting in the same liquid system is also given for each material. Larger particles can be analyzed in dispersing media with viscosities greater than that for water. Aqueous solutions of glycerine or sucrose have such higher viscosities. 1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be applied successfully to other ceramic powders in this general size range, provided that appropriate dispersion procedures are developed. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the applicability of this test method to other materials. Note however that some ceramics, such as boron carbide and boron nitride, may not absorb X-rays sufficiently to be characterized by this analysis method. 1.3 The values stated in cgs units are to be regarded as the standard, which is the long-standing industry practice. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard information is given in Section 8. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

In geotechnical, hydrologic, and waste-management investigations, it is frequently desirable, or required, to obtain information concerning the presence of ground water or other liquids and the depths to the ground-water table or other liquid surface. Such investigations typically include drilling of exploratory boreholes, performing aquifer tests, and possibly completion as a monitoring or observation well. The opportunity exists to record the level of liquid in such boreholes or wells, as the boreholes are being advanced and after their completion.Conceptually, a stabilized borehole liquid level reflects the pressure of ground water or other liquid in the earth material exposed along the sides of the borehole or well. Under suitable conditions, the borehole liquid level and the ground-water, or other liquid, level will be the same, and the former can be used to determine the latter. However, when earth materials are not exposed to a borehole, such as material which is sealed off with casing or drilling mud, the borehole water levels may not accurately reflect the ground-water level. Consequently, the user is cautioned that the liquid level in a borehole does not necessarily bear a relationship to the ground-water level at the site.The user is cautioned that there are many factors which can influence borehole liquid levels and the interpretation of borehole liquid-level measurements. These factors are not described or discussed in this test method. The interpretation and application of borehole liquid-level information should be done by a trained specialist.Installation of piezometers should be considered where complex ground-water conditions prevail or where changes in intergranular stress, other than those associated with fluctuation in water level, have occurred or are anticipated.1.1 This test method describes the procedures for measuring the level of liquid in a borehole or well and determining the stabilized level of liquid in a borehole.1.2 The test method applies to boreholes (cased or uncased) and monitoring wells (observation wells) that are vertical or sufficiently vertical so a flexible measuring device can be lowered into the hole.1.3 Borehole liquid-level measurements obtained using this test method will not necessarily correspond to the level of the liquid in the vicinity of the borehole unless sufficient time has been allowed for the level to reach equilibrium position.1.4 This test method generally is not applicable for the determination of pore-pressure changes due to changes in stress conditions of the earth material.1.5 This test method is not applicable for the concurrent determination of multiple liquid levels in a borehole.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This test method details the standard procedures for the determination of the particle size distribution of alumina or quartz powders using X-ray monitoring of gravity sedimentation. This test procedure shall make use of an X-ray sedimentation apparatus, and ultrasonic probe or bath. An aqueous homogeneous dispersion of the specimen is permitted to settle in a cell. The decrease in particle concentration over a programmed settling distance is monitored by an X-ray beam passing through the sedimenting dispersion to a detector. The specimen concentration at any given sedimentation distance is inversely proportional to the X-ray flux and the equivalent diameter (spherical) is calculated from Stokes' law.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size distribution of alumina or quartz powders in the range from 0.5 μm to 50 μm and having a median particle diameter from 2.5 μm to 10 μm using a sedimentation method. This test method is one of several found valuable for the measurement of particle size. Instruments used for this test method employ a constant intensity X-ray beam that is passed through a sedimenting dispersion of particles.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

2.1 The contributions that an effective remote sensing system can make are:2.1.1 Provide a strategic picture of the overall spill,2.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not visible by persons operating at, or near, the water's surface or at night,2.1.3 Provide location of slicks containing the most oil,2.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,2.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,2.1.6 Identify oceanographic and geographic features toward which the oil may migrate,2.1.7 Locate unreported oil-on-water,2.1.8 Collect evidence linking oil-on-water to its source,2.1.9 Help reduce the time and effort for long range planning,2.1.10 A log, or time history, of the spill can be compiled from successive data runs, and2.1.11 A source of initial input for predictive models and for “truthing” or updating them over time.1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selection of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitoring of oil on water.1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in combination. The sensors may be mounted on vessels, in helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), drones, or aerostats. Excluded are situations where the aircraft are used solely as a telemetry or visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite systems.1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capability of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the areal extent, as well as measure or approximate characteristics of oil spilled upon water.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and their operation, particularly at low altitudes. Also, in some instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example, certain gases, high voltages, etc.) can be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Periodic testing of spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping is required by US EPA regulation § 40 CFR §280.35.5.2 The spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing according to § 40 CFR §280.35. Under this practice, an annual test is required.5.3 The phrase liquid tight is an ambiguous expression with the acceptable leak rate dependent upon the nature of the liquid and the purpose of the evaluated material. This practice defines liquid tight.5.3.1 There is no minimum containment capacity or leak rate criteria for spill prevention equipment or containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping.5.4 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are designed to contain a regulated substance that is released from the primary fuel path of a UST system including leaks that occur when the delivery hose is disconnected from the fill pipe, until the regulated substance is detected and removed. There is no established maximum leak rate, capacity requirement or holding time.5.5 Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps must be properly installed pursuant to § 40 CFR §280.20 in accordance with a code of practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Properly installed spill prevention equipment and containment sumps will perform as designed unless one or more components have become compromised. Indications of component compromise that could impact the capability of a sump to remain liquid tight are visually observable.5.6 This practice is used to perform a liquid test of sumps to determine if the sumps are liquid tight, capable of containing a regulated substance leaked from the primary fuel path of the UST system until the regulated substance is detected and removed.5.7 Liquid testing by visual examination is the process of using the naked eye, alone or in conjunction with various aids such as portable lighting, camera, or mirrors, as the sensing mechanism from which a determination is made about the condition of the sump being inspected.5.8 This practice is only applicable to spill prevention equipment and containment sumps after installation testing is complete. Properly installed spill prevention equipment and containment sumps will remain liquid tight unless one or more components become compromised.5.9 The periodic operation and maintenance walkthrough inspections required by §40 CFR §280.36 will not comply with this practice unless conducted by a professional inspector and all requirements of Section 7 are addressed.5.10 This practice is not applicable where components are not observable.5.11 This practice does not supersede requirements developed by the manufacturer of items tested, if any requirements exist.1.1 Spill prevention equipment, and containment sumps are tested periodically to ensure the equipment is liquid tight by using vacuum, pressure, or liquid testing pursuant to United States of America federal regulations found in § 40 CFR 280.35.1.2 This practice provides a liquid test by visual examination conducted by a professional inspector to determine if the spill prevention equipment and containment sumps are liquid tight.1.3 The user is expected to have knowledge of UST installation procedures and UST operational, maintenance and testing requirements of § 40 CFR 280 et seq, related to the tasks performed.1.4 Section 6 provides the minimum qualifications and educational requirements of a professional inspector. The authority having jurisdiction may have additional certification requirements.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Hazards known to this practice are identified in Section 8.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车