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4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined determine the overall usability and stability of chairs in an environment simulating the conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks, etc. The glass testing base (see Fig. 5) is used to simulate this surface.FIG. 5 Glass Testing BaseNOTE 1: A = poly(methyl methacrylate) 0.25 ± 0.03 in. (6 ± 0.1 mm) thickness,B = AC exterior glue fir plywood 0.75 ± 0.1 in. (19 ± 2 mm) or greater thickness,C = polypropylene microfoam 0.7± 0.01 lb/ft3 (11 ± 0.2 kg/m3) density and 0.13 ± 0.01 in. (3 ± 0.03 mm) thickness, andD = glass/tempered 0.38 ± 0.04 in. (10 ± 0.1 mm) thickness.NOTE 2: A, B,C, and D are sheets roughly 48 in. (1219 mm) on a side or greater to accommodate the length of the chaise lounge.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as wooden decks, outdoor natural surfaces, etc. The plywood testing base (see Fig. 6) is used to simulate this surface.FIG. 6 Plywood Testing BaseNOTE 1: A = poly(methyl methacrylate) 0.25 ± 0.03 in. (6 ± 0.1 mm) thickness, andB = AC exterior glue fir plywood 0.75 ± 0.1 in. (19 ± 2 mm) or greater thickness.NOTE 2: A and B are sheets roughly 48 in. (1219 mm) on a side or greater to accommodate the length of the chaise lounge.1.1 These performance requirements establish nationally recognized performance requirements for Class A (residential) and Class B (nonresidential) plastic chaise lounges, with or without moving arms, with adjustable backs, intended for outdoor use.1.2 The performance requirements are not applicable to upholstered chairs, or other types of furniture.1.3 These performance requirements cover the performance of the product regarding aspects of outdoor weathering, impact, static load for seat and back, and arm testing.1.4 Products may be manufactured from recycled plastics as long as the performance requirements are met.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers the preparation of a formal plan for measurement of outdoor sound levels. A documented, detailed plan is highly desirable and useful for major environmental noise studies requiring measurements at several locations over a long period. This guide is intended primarily for use in such cases. Many simple measurements can be made without extensive prior planning or documentation. It is recommended that persons or organizations routinely performing such measurements draft and use a brief generic plan based on, but not referencing, this guide. Note 1The extent of planning and plan documentation should be consistent with the budget and needs of the project. In a large measurement program it is possible that use of a formal measurement plan could result in cost savings greater than the cost of preparing the plan. A formal documented plan can be prepared for even the simplest measurement. However, on a small project, the cost of preparation of a formal plan may not be cost effective. In such cases, plan documentation could be limited to inclusion in the final report.1.1.1 This guide addresses the following aspects of outdoor sound level measurements:1.1.2 Test Method E 1503 for Conducting Outdoor Sound Measurements Using a Digital Statistical Analysis System addresses listed aspects of outdoor sound level measurements for situations that are normally encountered. Many other formal and informal practices also address most of these issues. However, there is sometimes a need to depart from the normal methods in order to accommodate a special situation or a regulatory requirement. This guide provides options that are technically correct for specific situations, and provides the information needed for selecting appropriate options.1.1.3 This guide may be used when planning a program for obtaining either a single measurement set of sound level data or multiple sets of data, as well as related supporting data.1.2 Measurements that may be planned using this guide include, but are not limited, to the following:1.2.1 Characterization of the acoustical environment of a site.1.2.2 Characterization of the sound emissions of a specific sound source that exhibits a temporal variation in sound output.1.2.3 Measurement of low-frequency sound (infra-sound) is included because it is sometimes implicated in driving structural vibration that translates to audible interior sound.1.2.4 Measurement of impulsive sound and sound with significant tonal content.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Situations for which outdoor sound level data are required include, but are not limited to, comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits.4.2 This guide provides information to (1) measure outdoor sound level in the vicinity of outdoor fixed noise sources, and (2) document other observations necessary for the measurements. This guide provides a standard procedure for a trained acoustical professional that will produce results and documentation which are consistent with the purposes cited in 1.1.1 – 1.1.5.4.3 These sound measurements should be performed by or under the direction of a person experienced in the measurement and analysis of outdoor sound, and who is familiar with the use of the required equipment and techniques.4.4 This guide can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement guide to collect data on the sound level received from a fixed source within the constraints cited in Section 8 and Appendix X1 and Appendix X2.4.5 This guide can be used to establish compliance or noncompliance at the time, distance, and conditions during which the data were obtained. However, this guide is only a measurement procedure and does not address the problem of projecting the acquired data outside those conditions, other times of day, other distances, or comparison with specific criteria. In particular, for a given sound source level, distant noise levels will often be found to be greater at night than during the day.1.1 This guide covers the measurement of outdoor sound due to a fixed sound source such as a siren, stationary pump, power plant, or music amphitheater. Procedures characterize the location, sound level, spectral content, and temporal characteristics of that sound source at the time of measurement. Users should be aware that wind and temperature gradients can cause significant variations in sound levels beyond 300 m. With appropriate caution, the use of measurements resulting from this guide include but are not limited to:1.1.1 Assessing compliance with applicable regulations,1.1.2 Monitoring the effectiveness of a noise reduction plan,1.1.3 Verifying the effectiveness of measures for mitigation of noise impact,1.1.4 Validating sound prediction models, and1.1.5 Obtaining source data for use in sound prediction models.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 When discarded as litter, articles made using photodegradable plastics are subject to attack by daylight (particularly solar-ultraviolet radiation), oxygen, heat, and water. The 5° exposure angle used in this practice represents typical conditions for degradation experienced by litter.4.2 This practice requires characterization of the duration of exposure in terms of solar-ultraviolet radiation. Solar-ultraviolet radiation varies considerably as a function of location and time of year. This can cause dramatic differences in the time required to produce a specified level of degradation in a polymer. Daro4 has shown that when the same lot of polyethylene containing an iron-salt prodegradant is exposed at various times of the year in a single location, the time required to produce an average of two chain scissions per molecule varied by over 130 %. Daro, and Zerlaut and Anderson5 have shown that this variability can be significantly reduced when total solar or solar-ultraviolet radiation, or both, is used to characterize the exposure increments.4.3 In addition to variations in level of daylight and solar-ultraviolet radiation, there are significant differences in temperature, and moisture stresses between different locations, and between different years, or periods within a single year, at a single location. Because of this variability, results from this test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which photodegradable plastics degrade. Results from this test can be used to compare relative rates of degradation for materials exposed at the same time in the same location. Results from multiple exposures of a common lot of material (during different seasons over several years) at different sites can be used to compare the relative rates at which a particular photodegradable plastic will degrade in each location.NOTE 2: An inherent limitation in solar-radiation measurements is that they do not reflect the effects of variations in temperature and moisture exposure, which often can be as important as solar radiation. The same solar-ultraviolet radiation increment will not necessarily give the same changes in properties of the test specimen in different exposure sites. Results from this practice must be regarded as giving only a general indication of the degree of degradability and should always be considered in terms of characteristics of the exposure site as well.4.4 Where measurement of total solar-ultraviolet radiation is not possible, exposure duration can be determined by the number of days, weeks, or months exposed. When this practice is used, a reference material whose degradation properties have been well established must be exposed at the same time as the other materials being tested. The reference material used must be agreed upon by all interested parties. The time to produce a specified level of degradation for each material in this simultaneous exposure is then compared. It is also a good practice to use reference materials when exposure length is determined by total solar or solar UV radiant exposure.NOTE 3: A reference material can be a single lot of material which has shown consistent results after a number of exposures. It is not necessary that the composition or properties of the reference material be characterized and certified by a recognized standards agency or group.1.1 This practice defines test conditions applicable when Practices D1435 and G7/G7M are employed for the outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable plastics.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 During shipment, storage and installation, PEX tubing may be exposed to UV radiation prior to being shielded from further exposure after installation. The effects of UV exposure on PEX tubing is determined by use of this test method. By first exposing specimens to solar UV radiation and subsequently testing specimens for oxidative resistance or stabilizer functionality, changes as a result of solar UV radiation exposure can be evaluated. This information can be used to determine the maximum allowable total UV exposure prior to permanent shielding provided by installation.5.2 The results of short-term exposure tests can provide an indication of relative outdoor performance, but they should not be used to predict the absolute long-term performance of a material. The results of tests conducted for less than twelve months will depend on the particular season of the year in which they begin.1.1 This test method describes the procedure for exposing crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) tubing produced in accordance with Specification F876 to natural (sunlight) ultraviolet (UV) radiation and evaluating the effects of the exposure. This test method outlines the requirements for specimen size and preparation, exposure orientation, minimum UV exposure energy, post exposure testing and reporting.NOTE 1: While other laboratory UV exposure systems are available, this test method relies on natural sunlight as the UV radiation source. Laboratory methods may be added in the future if testing confirms a correlation between natural sunlight and laboratory exposure.1.2 PEX tubing is not designed for outdoor use. Data from short-term exposure testing per this test method can be used to judge the relative performance of PEX tubing stored outdoors for short periods of time prior to installation completely shielded from sunlight.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method and post exposure testing portions, Sections 8 and 9 of this test method. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.NOTE 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.6,7 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that the number of specimens of the control material be the same as that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and condition and age of the lamp and filters.1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The intended use of this practice is for chain link fencing of varying heights and designs to be used to enclose a sports field, sport court or recreation facility including the internal fencing required for safety, separation of activities, security, crowd control, access and egress or other requirements.Consideration should be given to fence offset distances from the activity field to provide a safety area for the participants and viewers.This practice is not intended for applications where fencing higher than 12 ft (3660 mm) is desired by the owner.Follow Guide F 1553 format to specify the chain link fence material and installation.Warning Regarding Windscreens and Added Fence Padding—If windscreens or padding are to be installed at the time of fence erection or at a later time, it is advisable to use stronger framework, closer post spacing or back bracing of posts depending on the type of screening material to be used, area of the fence covered and the local wind and weather conditions. Post size and spacing based on wind load can be calculated using the Chain Link Fence Manufacturers Institute’(CLFMI) Guide WL 2445.1.1 This practice is designed to be used for developing the chain-link fence, design, layout and installation for sports and recreation facilities such as sports fields, sports courts, waterfront areas, docks and marinas and other specific facilities.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Since coated pipe may be stored outdoors for long periods before burial, weathering tests described in this practice are needed to evaluate the stability of these coatings stored outdoors. The results obtained should be treated only as indicating the general effect of weathering. Exposure conditions vary greatly from year to year, from one part of a year to another, and from locality to locality. The results of short-term exposure tests in the north are more meaningful if exposure is started in the summer followed by a winter season. In southern areas where climatic conditions are more uniform throughout the year, the time of year when short-term exposure is started is less critical. In all localities, the longer the exposure period, the more reliable are the results obtained.1.1 This practice is intended to define conditions for the exposure of coated metal pipe to weather.1.2 This practice specifies qualifications for the samples, procedure to be followed in exposure to weather, and procedure for evaluating effects of exposure including visual examination and other tests.1.3 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method deals with methods and techniques which are well defined and which are understood by a trained acoustical professional. This test method has been prepared to provide a standard methodology which, when followed, will produce results which are consistent with requirements of government and industry, and which can be validated using information gathered and documented in the course of the measurement program.4.2 There are numerous situations for which outdoor sound level data are required. These include, but are not limited to the following:4.2.1 Documentation of sound levels before the introduction of a new sound source as a reference for assessment of the noise impact caused by a proposed facility and associated activities,4.2.2 Comparison of sound levels with and without a specific source (for example, assessment of the impact of an existing source), and4.2.3 Comparison of sound levels with criteria or regulatory limits (for example, indication of exceedance of criteria or non-compliance with laws).4.3 This test method provides a means for operating a sound analysis system which incorporates digital circuits for processing and storing sound level data, documenting conditions under which the measurements were performed, and reporting the results.4.4 This test method provides the user with information to (1) perform and document statistical analysis of outdoor sound level over specific time periods at specified places, and (2) make and document the physical observations necessary to qualify the measurements.4.5 This test method can be used by individuals, regulatory agencies, or others as a measurement method to collect acoustical data for many common situations. The data are collected in a format determined by the capabilities of the equipment, equipment operational options selected, and by post-processing options available.4.6 The user is cautioned that there are many factors that can strongly influence the results obtained during measurement of outdoor sound levels and that this test method is not intended to supplant the experience and judgment of experts in the field of acoustics. This test method is intended to facilitate communication between sound measurement professionals and individuals who are responsible for administering regulations, or are otherwise involved in decisions involving sound measurements. Measurements shall be performed only under the direction of people who are experienced in the measurement and analysis of outdoor sound, and who are thoroughly familiar with the use of the equipment and techniques involved.4.7 This test method is only a measurement procedure and, as such, does not address the methods of comparison of the acquired data with specific criteria. No procedures are provided within this test method for estimating the influences of two or more simultaneously measured sounds. This test method can be used, with an appropriate plan, in establishing compliance when the measured data are below a specified limit, or conversely, establishing noncompliance when any of the data are above a specified limit.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of outdoor sound levels at specific locations using a digital statistical sound analysis system and a formal measurement plan.1.1.1 This test method provides basic requirements for obtaining either a single set of data or multiple sets of related data. However, because there are numerous circumstances and varied objectives requiring multiple sets of data, the test method does not address planning of the measurement program.1.2 The use of results of measurements performed using this test method include, but are not limited to, the following:1.2.1 To characterize the acoustical environment of a site,1.2.2 To characterize the sound emissions of a specific sound source which exhibits a temporal variation in sound output, and1.2.3 To monitor the effectiveness of a noise impact mitigation plan.1.3 This test method is intended to be used in conjunction with a measurement plan that references this test method. Changes or additions to the provisions of this test method shall be clearly stated in the plan.1.3.1 In the event it is necessary, for example, because of time constraints, to conduct measurements without first formalizing a plan, this test method can be used if an operator/observer whose qualifications are satisfactory to both the performing organization and the client is present at all times during the measurements and who complies, to the extent possible, with all the applicable requirements of this test method, including record keeping.1.4 The data obtained using this test method enable comparison of sound level data with appropriate criteria.1.4.1 The data obtained with this test method can be used in the derivation of loudness levels provided the necessary requirements regarding sample duration and signal bandwidth are observed in collecting the data. It is recommended that a specialist in the area of loudness evaluation be consulted in preparing a plan for measurements intended to produce data which will be used for this purpose.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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