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4.1 This guide is intended to define work-related injuries and illnesses in a way that can be easily understood and measured across countries. These injuries and illnesses can be used to evaluate, compare, and continually improve management systems and programs related to worker safety and health. Although several levels of severity may be defined, the primary objective is to identify cases with meaningful connection to work and cases with such potential consequence that they have value for prevention purposes. The resultant data and incidence rates should improve global benchmarking consistency.4.2 This guide defines recording criteria for Level One cases—cases that have a clear connection to the workplace and consequences that are significant for driving injury and illness prevention and efforts.4.3 While not mandated by this guide, recording of Level Two cases is encouraged and will still be mandatory in many jurisdictions. Level Two cases are those cases currently required to be reported by countries, states, and other jurisdictions.1.1 This guide is intended to establish definitions and criteria for recording occupational injuries and illnesses to be used for measuring safety performance, evaluating safety program performance, and improving consistency when comparing international performance. A measurement system is desired that is precise and accurate, difficult to manipulate, significant and meaningful for safety program evaluation, and appropriate for accountability purposes in a global environment.1.2 Objectives of the occupational injury and illness measurement guide are as follows:1.2.1 Provide a uniform and objective framework for recording work-related injuries and illnesses,1.2.2 Facilitate use of injury and illness rates as a means of evaluating programs designed to control such injuries and illnesses, and1.2.3 Establish a basis for meaningful comparison of injury and illness rates across industries and countries.1.3 In this guide, definitions and procedures necessary to maintain work-related injury and illness records and incidence rates are covered.1.4 Key elements of this guide include work relationship, definition of injuries and illnesses, levels of severity of occupational incidents, accountability for contractor relationships, and specifications for injury and illness rate calculations.1.5 Units—The values stated in English (or Imperial) units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard is not a substitute for any legally required injury and illness recordkeeping obligations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The Device record includes information about how the heat butt fusion joint was made (heater temperature, pressures and times for the heating, fusion and cooling steps) and other important information about the process, job, equipment used, etc. The Device record is compared to the specified heat butt fusion procedure parameters to determine if the procedure was followed correctly. For comparison purposes, a graph of time versus pressure is generated from the data record to show pressure changes that occur during the butt fusion process. Comparing the time versus pressure graph to the steps in the procedure helps determine that the procedure parameters were observed, (Note 1). (See Appendix X1.) These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.5.2 When used in conjunction with manually-operated machines, the Device records information about the procedure used, the operator, the equipment, and the piping material. The Device may capture photographs of the set up (alignment and cleanliness) as well as the completed fusion bead. These records may be downloaded from the device and stored.NOTE 1: The Device cannot show all aspects of the heat butt fusion conditions (such as wind, cold weather, blowing dust and sand, etc.) and does not preclude periodic joint testing as described in the applicable fusion standard or procedure.1.1 This practice specifies the data recording information that is recorded, when data recording equipment is used, on heat butt fusion joints in a plastic piping system in order to compare the procedure used in making the joint to the heat butt fusion joining procedure specified. This practice is suitable for use with all heat butt fusion joining procedures such as Practice F2620, Specification F3372, Specification F2945 international standards or other qualified procedures. This practice primarily applies to hydraulically operated heat butt fusion machines and can be utilized for documenting heat butt fusion joints completed with manually-operated fusion machines.1.2 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Standard wedge welding devices rely on the operator to properly adjust the welding parameters (temperature, speed, and pressure) which are needed to create a sound weld. Changes in one or more of these parameters during production seaming, whether deliberate or accidental, can lead to poor weld quality. Prior to data acquisition systems, verifying welding parameters throughout the welding process relied solely on periodic visual observations and documentation, leaving substantial room for error. This ASTM standard practice, which requires a data acquisition system to be installed on thermal fusion welding devices, allows for the recording of these welding parameters along the entire length of the welded seam at pre-determined intervals, throughout the entire thermal fusion seaming process.4.2 The acquired data can be used in the construction quality control / construction quality assurance program to compare the welding parameters at recorded locations along the welded length to preset values, such as the values obtained during the trial seam, to facilitate detection of anomalies anywhere on the welded length.4.3 This practice does not cover the precision of the measurement, that is, the accuracy of the recorded values of temperature, speed, pressure, or position on the site. It is limited to the data acquisition process.4.4 Data acquisition parameters, such as the frequency at which the data are recorded, may be adjusted by the user depending on project specifications.1.1 This practice establishes the minimum required data recording, saving, and reporting requirements for data acquisition devices used in thermal fusion welding of geomembrane systems. Thermal fusion welding devices may include hot-wedge or hot-air wedge welders. From the data collected using this practice, it is possible to compare the welding parameters used on any production weld to those obtained during the trial welding and to the set welding parameters. This practice does not purport to identify the quality of any given weld. This standard can be used for all geomembranes, homogeneous or scrim reinforced, that can be seamed by thermal fusion welding methods.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides recommended standard formats for the computerization of mechanical test data for a range of test methods for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The types of mechanical tests considered are tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole, bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The recommended formats are not limited in use to these test methods. There are other test methods for which these recommended formats may be useful.4.2 Comparison of data from various sources will be most meaningful if all of the elements are available.4.3 The intent is to provide sufficient detail that values are known for the testing variables that may influence the results. The motivation for this guide is the steadily increasing use of computerized databases. However, this guide is equally appropriate for data stored in a hard-copy form.4.4 This format is for mechanical test data for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composites only. It does not include the recommended material description or the presentation of other specific types of test data (such as fracture toughness test results). These items are covered by separate formats to be referenced in material specifications or other test standards.1.1 This guide provides a common format for mechanical test data for composite materials for two purposes: (1) to establish data reporting requirements for test methods and (2) to provide information for the design of material property databases. This guide should be used in combination with Guide E1309 which provides similar information to identify the composite material tested.1.2 These guidelines are specific to mechanical tests of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. Types of tests considered in this guide include tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole,2 bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The guidelines may also be useful for additional tests or materials.1.3 This guide is the second part of a modular approach for which the first part is Guide E1309. Guide E1309 serves to identify the material, and this guide serves to describe mechanical testing procedures and variables and to record results. The interaction of this guide with Guide E1309 is emphasized by the common numbering of data elements. Data Elements A1 through G13 are included in Guide E1309 and numbering data elements in this guide begins with H1.1.4 This guide with Guide E1309 may be referenced by the data-reporting section of a test method to provide common data-reporting requirements for the types of tests listed in 1.2.1.5 From this information and Guide E1309, the database designer should be able to construct the data dictionary preparatory to developing a database schema.1.6 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in lab notebooks. Property data, data which have been analyzed and reviewed, require a different level of data elements. Data elements for property data are provided in Annex A1.

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1.1 This specification covers international standards for the flight recording aspects of airworthiness and design for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm), which includes CAA website links. Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this specification to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR Part 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The objective of this guide is to provide near-miss reporting guidance for maritime vessels to promote standardization of near-miss reporting which will allow for better use of the data industrywide.3.2 Importance of Near-Miss Reporting: 3.2.1 Most accidents/incidents are preceded by a chain of events, circumstances, acts, or conditions. If any of these events, circumstances, acts, or conditions had transpired another way, at another time, or had been corrected, the accident/incident may have been avoided. Reporting near-misses can play an important role in learning from mistakes, preventing accidents, and suffering from their serious consequences.3.3 Near-miss reporting can provide information that can be used to improve most any safety system, often complementing other safety system components such as accident/incident investigations, hazard analyses, safety reporting, prioritizing, root cause analysis, solution identification, communication, identifying corrective actions, sharing lessons learned, leading safety indicator analyses, and safety culture enhancement. In addition, in terms of human life and property damage, near-misses are very low cost learning tools for training, prevention of re-occurrence, and a new data source on what may work to break the chain of events before an accident occurs. Finally, near-misses may provide key data that can prevent low probability-high consequence accidents by providing safer alternatives.3.4 Barriers to Near-Miss Reporting: 3.4.1 It is generally agreed that effective near-miss reporting can reduce hazardous conditions and situations in the workplace, resulting in a reduction in accidents, or at least provide an opportunity for hazard identification and abatement. However, there remain significant challenges and obstacles to implementing near-miss recording/reporting systems. The barriers to near-miss recording/reporting can be related to the employees and management as well as outside influences. The barriers to near-miss recording/reporting can lead to underreporting in the maritime industry. Common near-miss reporting barriers include, but are not limited to:• Employees lack adequate near-miss training. Employees must be trained to report near-misses, how to report near-misses, what constitutes a near-miss, and the benefits of near-miss reporting.• Employees not being fully engaged in the development and operation of near-miss reporting. Employees should be involved in the development and implementation of near-miss reporting.• Employees feel their near-miss reports are not being followed up on. If the reports are not actively followed up on and there is not clear communication between ship and shore, near-miss reporting efforts will fail.• Employees fear some type of reprimand or discipline. Employees must not fear any disciplinary action, peer teasing, or supervisory belittling. A means of anonymous or confidential reporting should exist and a positive, no-blame near-miss reporting culture needs to be nurtured.• Employee lack adequate motivation to report near-misses or even disincentives. Participation in near-miss reporting cuts across all levels of an organization and management must fully support near-miss reporting through their words, actions, and support.• Management not providing unwavering support to near-miss reporting. This includes providing adequate time for the employee to complete the near-miss report. Additionally, this includes any financial support or support from external experts, if necessary to correct potentially hazardous conditions. Management commitment to safety has a positive effect on reporting, while underreporting has been linked to lack of management commitment to safety.• Near-miss reporting is viewed as overly time consuming. Near-miss reporting forms must be streamlined to be easily completed, easily available, easily submitted, easily reviewed, and lessons learned easily disseminated.• Management may fear legal liability or recrimination. When deciding to formalize a near-miss reporting system, organizations have both legitimate and unsubstantiated fears of liability and recrimination. Regardless, if legislators, enforcement agencies, and the legal community give companies legitimate fear of liability based on their near-miss reporting or the fear is unfounded, the result most likely will be the same; companies will not report near-misses. Near-miss reporting must be viewed by all stakeholders (companies, legislators, enforcement agencies, and the legal system) as one of the most effective ways to identify hazards and reduce accidents/incidents and not used for recrimination of any type.1.1 This guide provides near-miss reporting criteria and terminology for maritime vessels.1.2 The purpose of this near-miss reporting guide is to standardize near-miss reporting, including terminology, for the maritime industry.1.3 The criteria contained within this guide should be applied as a minimum to all near-miss reporting in the maritime industry unless otherwise specified.1.4 This guide is divided into the following sections and appendixes:Table of ContentsSections and Subsections Title1 2 Terminology3 4 Near-Miss Standardization5 Procedure6 KeywordsAppendix X1 Probability, Severity, and Risk AssessmentAppendix X2 Sample Near-Miss Reporting Form1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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