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定价: 481元 / 折扣价: 409 加购物车

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4.1 The methods by which sample materials are prepared and molded influence the mechanical properties of the specimen. Unlike injection molding, the objective of compression molding is to produce test specimens or sheets that are both homogeneous and isotropic. Specimens can be molded from powder or pellets such as are received directly from a material manufacturer, particles produced in a recycle recovery operation, or from a milled preform or sheet prepared on a two-roll mill. The powder, pellets, particles, preform, or sheet are melted and molded in a mold designed to produce a finished specimen of a given geometry, size, and thickness, or melted and molded in the form of a smooth plaque or sheet of uniform thickness from which desired specimens are cut, punched, or machined. Working a compound on a two-roll mill prior to molding will disperse and distribute the compound additives in a manner that will affect the physical properties of the compound. The relevant material specification or the material manufacturer shall be consulted to determine the need for milling a sample prior to compression molding. It is important to treat different samples of the same type of material in the same way: if milling was done prior to molding on a material which is to be used as a standard for comparison, all new materials to be tested against this practice shall be prepared and molded in a similar manner.4.2 The apparatus and exact conditions required to prepare adequate specimens will usually vary for each plastic material. Apparatus and procedures satisfactory for molding many different plastic materials are given in this practice in Sections 5 and 6. The apparatus and procedures which have been found satisfactory for molding certain specific materials are given in the Appendixes. In any case, the specific apparatus and procedures to be used in producing compression-molded specimens of a given material shall be obtained by reference to the relevant material specification or by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.1.1 This practice covers the compression molding of thermoplastic granules and milled stock for the preparation of test specimens.21.2 While conditions for certain materials are given, the primary source of specific conditions shall be the material specification standards for each type of material.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The main body of this practice is equivalent to ISO 293-1986. Annex A1 and ISO 293-1986 differ in some details; however, specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure A should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method D. Specimens prepared using Annex A1, Procedure C should be equivalent to those prepared using ISO 293-1986, Cooling Method B. However, due to the greater cooling rate tolerances of the ISO standard, specimens prepared in accordance with ISO Cooling Method B may not be equivalent to Annex A1, Procedure C.

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This specification covers fiberglass reinforced bituminous sheet materials modified by styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) thermoplastic elastomer, and are surfaced with a factory applied continuous metal foil. These materials are intended for use in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes and flashings. This is intended as a material specification only, and does not address specific roof constructions or application techniques. The specified tests and property limits are intended to establish minimum properties. Roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, uplift resistance, and others are factors beyond the scope of this specification. The properties for which the materials shall be tested on and consequently conform to are thickness, net mass per unit, back surface coating thickness, peak load value, elongation at peak load, ultimate elongation, tensile-tear strength, low-temperature flexibility, dimensional stability, compound stability, cyclic thermal shock, water absorption, and moisture content.1.1 This specification covers fiberglass reinforced modified bituminous sheet materials that use styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) thermoplastic elastomer as the primary modifier and are surfaced with a factory applied continuous metal foil. These materials are intended for use in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes and flashings.1.2 This specification is intended as a material specification only. Questions regarding the suitability of the specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The specified tests and property limits are intended to establish minimum properties. In place roof system design criteria such as fire resistance, field strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, uplift resistance, and others, are factors beyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains to the test method portion only, Section 8 of this Specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the standard for wrought copper-alloy bearing plate and bearing sheets intended for use in bridges and other structures. The plates and sheets are also proposed for use as fixed or expansion bearings where motion is slow and intermittent. Specimens shall be manufactured by hot working, cold working, and annealing. Specimens shall adhere to mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. The plates and sheets shall be subjected to tensile, hardness, and compression tests. The specimens shall also undergo chemical analysis. When the specimens fail to conform to the specification, a retest shall be permitted.1.1 This specification establishes the requirements for wrought copper-alloy bearing plate and bearing sheets for application in bridges and other structures. Specifically, the plates and sheets are to be used for fixed or expansion bearings where the motion is slow and intermittent with pressures not exceeding 3 ksi (20 MPa).1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.2.1 Exception—Values given in inch-pound units are the standard except for grain size, which is stated in SI units.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价: 590元 / 折扣价: 502 加购物车

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ASTM C1186-22e1 Standard Specification for Flat Fiber-Cement Sheets Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification covers either untextured or surface textured non-asbestos fiber-cement flat sheets intended for exterior applications such as claddings, facades, curtain walls, soffits, and so forth. This specification does not apply to asbestos-cement flat sheets, gypsum-based boards or particle boards, discrete non-asbestos fiber-cement interior substrate sheets, fiber-mat reinforced non-asbestos cement interior substrate sheets, or cement-bonded particleboards. Flat sheets covered here are divided into two types according to their intended application, and four grades according to their flexural strengths. Type A sheets are intended for exterior applications subjected to the direct action of sun, rain, or snow, while Type B sheets are intended for exterior applications not subjected to the direct action of sun, rain, or snow. Sheets shall adhere to the following mechanical and physical requirements: flexural strength, density, dimension (nominal length, width, and thickness, squareness, and edge straightness), finish, and color.1.1 This specification covers either untextured or surface textured fiber-cement flat sheets intended for exterior applications such as wall claddings, facades, curtain walls, soffits, and so forth.1.2 This specification is not applicable to asbestos-cement flat sheets (Specification C220), gypsum-based boards (Specifications C1396/C1396M, C1177/C1177M, C1178/C1178M), or particle boards (Terminology D1554) discrete non-asbestos fiber-cement interior substrate sheets (Specification C1288), fiber-mat reinforced non-asbestos cement interior substrate sheets (Specification C1325), or cement-bonded particleboards (Specification BS 5669: Part 4) and (ISO 8335).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers vulcanized fibres in sheet, round rod, and round tube forms of bone, commercial, and electrical insulation grades. Fibres shall be tested appropriatedly and consequently conform to specified color, chemical composition, flexural strength, impact strength, tearing strength, compressive strength, water absorption, dielectric strength, bursting strength, density, Rockwell hardness, and dimensional and size requirements.1.1 This specification covers vulcanized fibre (Note 1) sheets, rolls, round rods, and round tubes of such grades suitable for use as electrical insulation.NOTE 1: The variant spelling “fibre” has been approved by Committee D09 for use in this standard.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers two types of factory prepared reinforced bituminous flashing sheets used for roofing and waterproofing systems. The bitumen used may be asphalt, coal-tar pitch, or polymer modified bitumen. The reinforcement may include any one or a combination of organic (wood fiber), polyester, or glass fiber felts, woven fabrics, or thermoplastic films. Fine mineral powders, granules, or metal foils may be used as surfacing. Specimens shall be sampled, be tested for, and consequently conform to dimensional and physical properties, as follows: mass; thickness; load-strain properties; impact resistance; tear strength and resistance; flexibility; breaking load; and elongation at break. Calculation procedures for the mean, estimated standard deviation, and mean variance of test values from specimens tested before and after heat conditioning are also detailed.1.1 This specification covers factory-prepared reinforced bituminous sheet used in flashing. The bitumen used may be asphalt, coal-tar pitch, or polymer-modified bitumen. The reinforcement may include any one or a combination of organic (wood fiber), polyester, or glass fiber felts, woven fabrics, or thermoplastic films. Fine mineral powders, granules, or metal foils may be used as surfacing.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C220-91(2015) Standard Specification for Flat Asbestos-Cement Sheets (Withdrawn 2021) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

This specification covers the requirements for flat asbestos-cement sheets designed for use in industrial, commercial, and general building purposes. Each sheet should be composed of a combination of asbestos fiber and Portland cement or Portland blast-furnace slag cement. Curing agents, water-repellent substances, mineral fillers, coatings, pigments, or minerals may be added to the material. All the materials should conform to the requirements on flexural strength, water absorption, workmanship, finish, color, and efflorescence.1.1 This specification covers asbestos-cement sheets in flat form designed for industrial, commercial, and general building purposes, of the following types:1.1.1 Flat Sheets, Type F (Flexible)—An asbestos-cement flat sheet suitable for exterior and interior use, where a board having higher strength and density, smoother surface, greater flexibility, and lower moisture absorption is desired.1.1.2 Flat Sheets, Type U (Utility)—An asbestos-cement flat sheet suitable for exterior and interior use, having sufficient strength for general utility and construction purposes, and where a board having maximum flexibility, highest density, smoother surface, and lower moisture absorption is not essential.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Warning—Breathing of asbestos dust is hazardous. Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated health risks for users and for those with whom they come into contact. In addition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For information on the safe use of chrysotile asbestos, refer to “Safe Use of Chrysotile: A Manual on Preventive and Control Measures.”21.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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