5.1 Inspection, repair, and construction of ASTs in petroleum service should follow at a minimum the requirements of API 650 and API 653. These standards describe methods for testing the weld quality and structural and hydraulic integrity of new or repaired ASTs. With increasing emphasis on protecting the environment and with environmental issues related to the storing of petroleum materials in ASTs, owners and operators of such tanks may want or need a guide devoted to existing and enhanced methods for evaluating the hydraulic integrity of new or repaired tank bottoms.5.2 The consequences of a tank bottom failure include the economic loss of product, cost of repair or replacing the tank bottom, and exposure to the cost of environmental remediation and potential damage or harm to adjacent lands that may give rise to adverse public relations or regulatory action. In addition, releases of petroleum products introduce potential fire or explosive conditions.5.3 Owners and operators of ASTs or their agents can use this guide to help choose methods of evaluating the hydraulic integrity of their repaired or new tank bottoms. Selection of the methods should be based on regulatory and economic criteria that include operational and cost/benefit considerations.5.4 This guide is intended for use by an individual experienced in repair and construction of ASTs in petroleum service.5.5 This guide is intended for use when repairing or building ASTs. This guide does not address suitability for use or imply useful life of an AST bottom.5.6 This guide is intended to be used in conjunction with and as a supplement to standards provided for hydraulic integrity in API 650 and API 653.5.7 Procedures or methods included here may be supported by a previously completed and documented performance evaluation(s) that may lend itself as valuable results validation.1.1 This guide is intended to provide the reader with a knowledge of construction examination procedures and current technologies that can be used to give an owner or operator of an aboveground storage tank (AST) in petroleum service, relevant information on the hydraulic integrity of a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom prior to return to service. This guide does not pertain to horizontal ASTs, manufacture of tanks using UL 142, or to tanks constructed of concrete or other non-ferrous materials.1.2 The adoption of the methods and technologies presented in this guide are not mandatory, rather they represent options that may be selected to identify the likelihood of product leaking through a new, repaired, or reconstructed tank bottom.1.3 This guide is not intended to suggest or treat any technology in a preferential manner.1.4 The person responsible for applying this guide should be a knowledgeable individual with experience in the design, inspection, construction, or combination thereof, of aboveground storage tanks for use in petroleum service, and should also be certified under the requirements of API 653 when use is related to tank bottom repair.1.5 Refer to API RP 575 for useful information and recommended practices for maintenance and inspection of atmospheric and low pressure stirage tanks.1.6 This guide is written in metric measure units (SI Units) in accordance with requirements of Practice E621. English measure equivalents are in parentheses.1.7 The applicability of this guide to the proposed tank configuration and service conditions should be established prior to use.1.8 This guide complies with ASTM policy for development and subsequent use of a standard.1.9 This guide is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this guide or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, W. Conshohocken, PA 19428.1.10 This guide is not intended for use as a model code, ordinance or regulation.1.11 This guide does not cover every tank bottom inspection procedure that may be properly applied.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

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3.1 This guide is used to distinguish soak tank metal cleaners that are excessively corrosive to metals (other than aluminum and its alloys which are covered by Method D930). The users will define the degree of corrosion considered excessive, in terms of weight loss per unit of surface area or in terms of changes in appearance, or both.1.1 This guide covers determination of the corrosive effects of soak tank metal cleaners on all metals other than aluminum and its alloys, under conditions of total immersion, by quantitative measurement of weight change or by qualitative visual determination of change. The test determines the effects of the cleaner on metals being cleaned, and does not determine the life of the cleaner or of the containing equipment.1.2 When the test is used to assist in the choice of material for a specific use, the test conditions should simulate the conditions of use as closely as practicable.1.3 Where no further processing subsequent to cleaning is indicated, a test for the effect of residual cleaner on the corrosion behavior of the material may be required.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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1.1 This practice covers a uniform protocol for evaluating the performance of systems used to detect releases of regulated substances from underground storage tank systems or facilities. This practice applies to users, manufacturers, vendors, government regulators, and others using or concerned with release detection systems. 1.2 This practice covers release detection systems that are used internally, externally, or within the interstitial area of an underground storage tank system that has secondary containment. 1.3 This practice does not specify minimum performance standards. 1.4 The release detection system may consist of an individual or multiple tests. The release detection system may operate in a continuous or intermittent mode, and may produce either quantitative-output (measured value) or qualitative-output (on/off) results. 1.5 The release detection system may be applicable to any part of a storage tank system, a single storage tank system, or combination of systems. The manufacturer may further limit the use of a release detection system to specific test conditions (for example, tank sizes, geographical regions, etc.). 1.6 The evaluation given in this practice provides two separate performance descriptions: an estimate of the performance characteristics of the release detection system, and an estimate of probability of release detection and probability of false alarm. 1.6.1 This practice requires that the system performance characteristics must be determined for all release detection systems as described in 1.2. 1.6.2 Further, this practice currently requires the determination of an estimate of probability of false alarm. 1.6.3 Estimates of probability of detecting releases and false alarms for external release detection systems are not required. 1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A full disclosure is required if hazardous materials are released into the environment as part of the test procedure. 1.9 The sections and subsections in this practice are arranged in the following order: Section 1 Terminology 2 Release Detection System Description 3 General Description 3.1.1 Intended Use 3.2 Operational Conditions 3.3 Recommended Calibration Schedule 3.4 Expected Lifetime 3.5 Safety Consideration 3.6 Development of Performance Data 4 Performance Characteristics 4.1.1 Estimate of Probability to Detect a Release and False Alarm 4.2 Evaluation of Performance Data 5 General 5.1.1 Performance Characteristics 5.2 System Response to the Signal 5.2.1 Specificity 5.2.2 Lower Detection Limit 5.2.3 Dynamic Range 5.2.4 Precision and Bias 5.2.5 Response Time 5.2.6 Effects of Physical Properties 5.2.7 System Response to Individual Sounds of Interference or 5.2.8 Ambient Noise Estimate of Probability to Detect a Release and False Alarm 5.3 Marking with ASTM Designation 6 APPENDIXES Definitions X1.1 Technical Guidance to Calculate Performance Characteristics of X1.2 Release Detection Systems Technical Guidance to Calculate the Performance of a X1.3 Release Detection System by Determining Probability of Detecting a Release and False Alarm

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1.1 This guide covers fencing and lighting only. More sophisticated security systems may be appropriate for the facility but discussion of these types of systems is beyond the scope of this document.1.2 The information included in this guide is intended for petroleum bulk storage facilities. It is not intended for use with retail fueling and other motor fueling facilities, refineries, chemical plants, docks, oil production facilities, or electric power generation, transmission, distribution and service center facilities. Fencing, lighting or other security measures designed to prevent unauthorized access to the bulk storage facility may be components of Best Management Practices (BMPs) that the facility uses to prevent releases of petroleum to storm water discharges. There are several different types of fencing and lighting that can be effective. The intent of this document is to outline a method for providing security fencing and lighting that has been effectively used. There are other fencing and lighting methods that may be adequately effective. Some facilities may be considered adequately secure without fencing or lighting. An analysis of the threat level should be made to determine the type of security system to employ.1.3 Any facilities must meet local, state, and federal building, architectural, hazardous material handling and storage, and fire protection codes.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Obtaining samples of high-level waste created during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels presents unique challenges. Generally, high-level waste is stored in tanks with limited access to decrease the potential for radiation exposure to personnel. Samples must be obtained remotely because of the high radiation dose from the bulk material and the samples, samples require shielding for handling, transport, and storage. The quantity of sample that can be obtained and transported is small due to the hazardous nature of the samples as well as their high radiation dose.4.2 Many high-level wastes have been treated to remove strontium (Sr) or cesium (Cs), or both, have undergone liquid volume reductions through pumping and forced evaporation or have been pH modified, or both, to decrease corrosion of the tanks. These processes, as well as waste streams added from multiple process plant operations, often resulted in precipitation, and produced multiphase wastes that are heterogeneous. Evaporation of water from waste with significant dissolved salts concentrations has occurred in some tanks due to the high heat load associated with the high-level waste and by pumping and intentional evaporative processing, resulting in the formation of a saltcake or crusts, or both. Organic layers exist in some waste tanks, creating additional heterogeneity in the wastes.4.3 Many of the sampling systems have limitations including the ability to sample varying depths in the tank and the depth of sampling. Sampling in Hanford tanks is constrained by riser diameter, riser location and riser availability.4.4 Due to these extraordinary challenges, substantial effort in research and development has been expended to develop techniques to provide grab samples of the contents of the high-level waste tanks. A summary of the primary techniques used to obtain samples from high-level waste tanks is provided in Table 1. These techniques will be summarized in this guideline with the assumption that the tank headspace is adequately ventilated during sampling.1.1 This guide addresses techniques used to obtain samples from tanks containing high-level radioactive waste created during the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. Guidance on selecting appropriate sampling devices for waste covered by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is also provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1).2 Vapor sampling of the head-space is not included in this guide because it does not significantly affect slurry retrieval, pipeline transport, plugging, or mixing.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

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4.1 Environmentally sound management of underground storage tank systems involves a broad range of preventative maintenance activities directed toward preventing accidental releases of regulated substances, and effectively detecting and responding to such releases when, and if, they do occur. Numerous technical guidelines are presently available addressing specific procedures for release prevention and response for underground tank systems, including guidelines for tank system design, installation, operation and maintenance, leak detection, spill control, periodic equipment inspections, corrective action for affected environmental media, tank system closure, and operator training. This guide presents an overview, identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standards and industry guidelines for more detailed information.4.2 Tank System Design and Installation—The first step in environmentally sound management of tank systems is to design and install the tank system so as to minimize the potential for release of regulated substances to the environment. This guide addresses key considerations related to the types of tank systems to be used, compatibility of regulated substances to construction materials, types of spill containment and overfill prevention devices, corrosion protection, leak detection proper installation practices, and system operation.4.3 Preventative Maintenance—Even for properly designed and installed tank systems, practical measures are needed to detect and terminate leaks and respond to releases in a timely manner so as to minimize regulated substance losses and associated environmental effects. This guide reviews general considerations including release detection measures, possible indicators of a release, appropriate record-keeping procedures, tank system inspection, equipment testing, response planning and release control measures. Some preventative maintenance activities are recommended while others are mandated by state or federal regulations. This guide addresses federally mandated activities4.4 Inspections—Inspections are a critical component of a sound UST management plan. Both third-party professional and operator inspections can identify potential risks associated with component compromise and operational issues that may increase the risk of an uncontained release. Some inspections are required by regulatory requirements. The scope, frequency and necessary qualifications to perform required inspections vary by jurisdiction. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required walkthrough inspections.4.5 Equipment Testing—Testing can confirm the functional status of various UST components. Some UST equipment and components must be tested in accordance with federal regulations. Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years. Electronic and mechanical release detection components must be tested annually. Cathodic protection systems must be tested within six months of installation, then at least every three years and within six months of any repair activity. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required equipment testing.4.6 Fueling Procedure—Careful loading, unloading, and dispensing of liquids to and from underground storage tanks is the most important day-to-day activity to ensure proper handling of liquids and prevention of releases. This guide is developed to addresses UST system management. Dispensers and dispensing activities may be sources of releases but are not considered a component of the UST system and are not include in the regulatory requirements addressed by this guide.4.7 Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media—Following discovery and control of a release regulated substance from an underground tank system, corrective actions may be required for affected soil and groundwater as needed to protect human health, safety, and environmental resources. This guide reviews a risk-based process for investigation, evaluation, and remediation of affected environmental media consistent with the guidelines provided in Guide E2081.4.8 Tank System Closure—If it is determined that an underground tank system will no longer be used to store regulated substances, the system must be taken out of service, either temporarily or permanently, and, when appropriate, decommissioned and removed in a manner that minimizes the potential for future releases or safety hazards. This guide reviews the general procedures for properly removing tank systems from service, as well as the options for tank system closure by means of tank excavation and backfill placement or in-place closure methods.4.9 Tank Management Practice Education, and Operator Training—Personnel training is a key element of successful environmental management of UST systems. It is important that persons involved in the installation, operation, or maintenance of tank systems understand the release prevention, appropriate leak detection, and response procedures. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of several key training areas that may be appropriate depending on individual job assignments, including: tank system installation and maintenance; general measures for release prevention; leak detection equipment operation and maintenance; release control and emergency response measures; and regulated substance and waste handling measures. This guide outlines the scope of federally mandated operator training.4.10 Recognized Practice—Some federally mandated testing and inspection requirements can be satisfied by following a practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory such as provided in 40 CFR §280.35(a)(1)(ii)(B) and 40 CFR §280.40(a)(3). Many such practices are referenced in this guide. Not all practices developed by nationally recognized associations or independent testing laboratories are accepted by the USEPA or the implementing agency. To determine if a practice satisfies the federal requirements, the owner or operator should consult with the implementing agency.1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited to facilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing regulated substances at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to provide detailed technical specifications for implementation of the approaches described in this document, nor to be used as an enforcement tool, but rather to identify the important information used for environmental management of underground tank systems. The term “must” is used where United States federal requirements apply. References to ASTM standards and other industry guidelines have been provided to address implementation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many states and some local agencies have adopted rules that place additional responsibilities on the owners/operators of UST systems. Refer to state and local regulations that may contain additional requirements. It is not possible to identify all considerations or combinations of conditions pertinent to a unique underground storage tank system.1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related to the prevention of, and response to environmental releases from tank systems and is organized in the sections listed below:    Section 1:  Section 2: Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents Section 3: Defines the key terminology used in this guide Section 4: Describes the significance and use of this guide Section 5: Tank System Design and Installation Section 6: Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan Section 7: Fueling Procedure Section 8: Dispensing Activities Section 9: Release Response Plan Section 10: Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media Section 11: Tank System Closure Section 12: UST Management Practice and Operator Training Appendix X1: Recurring Release Detection and Cathodic Protection Requirements (Quick Glance) is intended to be a quick reference guide for monitoring information Related Material: Documents related to environmental management of underground storage tanks1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Extensional viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a liquid to stretching forces, such as those occurring during the disruption of liquid films and the formation of sprays used in agriculture and other purposes including painting operations or metal working. This method for measurement of a Screen Factor, gives a relative value for extensional viscosity, which may be used:4.1.1 To compare the potential for drift control of different polymers.4.1.2 To compare the relative extensional viscosity component of different spray tank mixtures.4.1.3 To determine the extent of breakdown of polymer solutions used as drift control additives during the recirculation of the solutions through pumps and screens.4.1.4 To use as a parameter in the Spray Drift Task Force Models for droplet size prediction.4.2 It should also be noted that many drift control polymers are irreversibly destroyed during the recirculation of spray mixes by pumping with high shear pumps such as gear or centrifugal pumps. It is advisable to subject the test mixture to similar pumping regimes to simulate practical conditions before carrying out the extensional viscosity test. Measurements of extensional viscosity are the only presently known method of determining the extent of this breakdown properties of dilute polymer solutions.4.3 This method is intended to produce a relative value for extensional viscosity. The purpose of the method is to compare the extensional viscosity produced by different polymer types or concentrations of polymer in spray tank mixes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative extensional viscosity or Screen Factor (SF) of dilute agricultural spray mixes.1.2 The test can be used for tank mixes containing dissolved, emulsified or dispersed materials, or mixtures.1.3 Results may be affected by the quality of the water used. Make-up water quality should therefore be specified in the presentation of results.1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination. Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.NOTE 1: References to the development of extensional viscosity from dissolved polymers, extensional viscosity effects on the droplet size distribution of sprays, and measurements of screen factor on recirculated spray mixes containing polymers are available.2,31.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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