Clostridium perfringens is a strict obligate anaerobe that is found in fecal material. Under moderately adverse conditions these organisms produce endospores that can withstand extreme environmental conditions and are conservative tracers of past and present pollution in fresh and marine waters and sediments.1.1 This test method can enumerate Clostridium perfringens spores and vegetative cells from marine water, sediment, wastewater, ambient water, and drinking water. Since C. perfringens spores are present in large numbers in human and animal wastes and are resistant to wastewater treatment practices, extremes in temperature, and environmental stress, they are an indicator of present fecal contamination as well as a conservative tracer of past fecal contamination. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 MOX is used as a nuclear-reactor fuel. This test method is designed to determine whether the carbon content of the pellets meet the requirements of the fuel specification. Examples of these requirements are given in Specification C833.5.2 This method is suitable for all sintered MOX pellets containing up to 12 weight % PuO2 when the UO2 and PuO2 meet the requirements of Specifications C753 and C757. The method uncertainty is related to the concentration of the carbon in the sample. At lower concentrations, the relative uncertainty increases. At carbon contents close to the typical carbon content specification limit (100 μg carbon/g U + Pu metal) the method uncertainty is on the order of 5 %, but exact method performance is difficult to determine due to the lack of matrix matched certified reference material.1.1 This test method is an alternative to Test Method C698 for the determination of carbon in nuclear grade sintered mixed oxide (MOX) fuel pellets. The method for the determination of carbon presented in Test Method C698 consists of combusting carbon contained in MOX pellets with oxygen in a high-frequency induction furnace and detecting the resulting carbon dioxide using a thermal conductivity cell. The method for the determination of carbon presented in this test method consists of combusting carbon contained in MOX pellets with oxygen in a high-frequency induction furnace and subsequent detection of the resulting carbon dioxide (CO2) using a non-dispersive infrared detector (NDIR). Sulfur oxide is stripped from the carrier gas stream by a cellulose filter prior to the detection of CO2.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous material, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total sulfur naturally found in liquid aromatic hydrocarbons, their derivatives and related chemicals.1.2 This test method is applicable for samples containing sulfur from 0.05 to 100 mgS/kg.1.3 The detector response for this technique within the scope of this test method is linear with sulfur concentration.1.4 The following applies to all specified limits in this test method for purposes of determining conformance with this test method, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off "to the nearest unit" in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E 29.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 9, and Notes 2-4 and Note 7.

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5.1 This test method is designed to evaluate nanomaterial capacity to induce nitric oxide production by macrophages.5.2 Activated macrophages generate large quantities of NO. NO generated from activated macrophages is a cytostatic/cytotoxic agent (3-6).5.3 The production of NO in excessive amounts leads to the generation of peroxynitrite by its spontaneous reaction with superoxide. Peroxynitrite causes tissue injury through its capability to damage lipids, proteins, and DNA (2).5.4 NO is a proinflammatory mediator and it is an important marker for activation of inflammation (5, 6).5.5 Testing the capacity of a nanomaterial to induce NO production in vitro helps in predicting the nanomaterial’s biocompatibility through anticipating and understanding the potential problems that might be encountered during its in vivo administration.1.1 This test method delivers a protocol for a quantitative measure of nitrite (NO2–), a stable end-product of nitric oxide (NO), in cell culture medium due to exposure to nanomaterial(s).1.2 NO has a critical role in several pathological conditions in addition to its role in many physiological processes.1.3 This test method uses murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 as an in vitro model.1.4 The nitrite is measured in the cell culture medium by a colorimetric analysis using Griess reagent as shown in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Summary of Nitric Oxide Production Assay1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is designed to detect holes in food service gloves made of polyethylene that may compromise the barrier quality of the glove.4.2 This method is suitable and designed as a reference method to evaluate samples of polyethylene food service gloves for holes. The presence of holes is defined as a compromise in barrier quality.4.3 This test method is designed for use as a quality referee for holes in polyethylene food service gloves and for manufacturers to evaluate the ongoing control of holes in food service gloves made of polyethylene.4.4 Test Method D5151 is the test method that shall be used for the detection of holes in a food service glove made of the same material type as that of a medical glove, as specified or described, or both, in each applicable ASTM medical glove standard.4.5 For food service gloves made of a material type not described or specified in an existing ASTM glove standard, and if the material is non-elastic, this test method shall be used for the detection of holes.1.1 This test method covers the detection of holes in polyethylene food service gloves. This test method shall not be used on any medical glove.1.2 This test method is limited to the detection of holes that allow water leakage under the conditions of the test.1.3 The smallest hole size that will allow water leakage has not been determined and is beyond the scope of this method.1.4 The safe use of polyethylene food service gloves is beyond the scope of this standard.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The determination of class group composition of automotive spark-ignition fuels as well as quantification of various individual species such as oxygenates and aromatics in automotive fuels is useful for evaluating quality and expected performance, as well as compliance with various governmental regulations.1.1 This test method is a standard procedure for the determination in percent mass or percent volume of hydrocarbon group types (paraffins, isoparaffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics), methanol, ethanol, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes in automotive spark-ignition engine fuels using gas chromatography and vacuum ultraviolet detection (GC-VUV).1.1.1 The concentration ranges for which precision has been determined are as follows:Property Units Applicable RangeParaffins % Volume 3.572 to 23.105Isoparaffins % Volume 22.697 to 71.993Olefins % Volume 0.011 to 44.002Olefins % Mass 0.027 to 41.954Naphthenes % Volume 0.606 to 18.416Aromatics % Volume 14.743 to 58.124Methanol % Volume 0.063 to 3.426Ethanol % Mass 0.042 to 15.991Benzene % Volume 0.09 to 1.091Toluene % Volume 0.698 to 31.377Ethylbenzene % Volume 0.5 to 3.175Xylenes % Volume 3.037 to 18.955Naphthalene % Volume 0.019 to 0.779Methylnaphthalenes % Volume 0.21 to 1.4841.1.2 This test method may be applicable to other concentration ranges, to other properties, or to other hydrocarbon streams, however precision has not been determined.1.2 Individual hydrocarbon components are typically not baseline-separated by the procedure described in this test method, that is, some components will coelute. The coelutions are resolved at the detector using VUV absorbance spectra and deconvolution algorithms.1.3 While this test method reports percent mass and percent volume for several specific components that may be present in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel, it does not attempt to speciate all possible components that may occur in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel. In particular, this test method is not intended as a type of detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See specific hazard statements in subsection 8.4 and Section 9.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is designed to detect holes that leak water and thereby compromise the usefulness of the glove.3.2 This test method is suitable and designed as a reference method to evaluate samples of medical gloves.1.1 This test method covers the detection of holes in medical gloves.1.2 This test method is limited to the detection of holes that allow water leakage under the conditions of the test.1.3 The smallest hole size that will allow water leakage in a medical glove has not been determined and is beyond the scope of this test method.1.4 The safe and proper use of medical gloves is beyond the scope of this test method.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Many regulators, industrial processes, and other stakeholders require determination of NMOC in atmospheres.5.2 Accurate measurements of ambient NMOC concentrations are critical in devising air pollution control strategies and in assessing control effectiveness because NMOCs are primary precursors of atmospheric ozone and other oxidants (7, 8).5.2.1 The NMOC concentrations typically found at urban sites may range up to 1 ppm C to 3 ppm C or higher. In order to determine transport of precursors into an area monitoring site, measurement of NMOC upwind of the site may be necessary. Rural NMOC concentrations originating from areas free from NMOC sources are likely to be less than a few tenths of 1 ppm C.5.3 Conventional test methods based upon gas chromatography and qualitative and quantitative species evaluation are relatively time consuming, sometimes difficult and expensive in staff time and resources, and are not needed when only a measurement of NMOC is desired. The test method described requires only a simple, cryogenic pre-concentration procedure followed by direct detection with an FID. This test method provides a sensitive and accurate measurement of ambient total NMOC concentrations where speciated data are not required. Typical uses of this standard test method are as follows.5.4 An application of the test method is the monitoring of the cleanliness of canisters.5.5 Another use of the test method is the screening of canister samples prior to analysis.5.6 Collection of ambient air samples in pressurized canisters provides the following advantages:5.6.1 Convenient collection of integrated ambient samples over a specific time period,5.6.2 Capability of remote sampling with subsequent central laboratory analysis,5.6.3 Ability to ship and store samples, if necessary,5.6.4 Unattended sample collection,5.6.5 Analysis of samples from multiple sites with one analytical system,5.6.6 Collection of replicate samples for assessment of measurement precision, and5.6.7 Specific hydrocarbon analysis can be performed with the same sample system.1.1 This test method2 presents a procedure for sampling and determination of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) in ambient, indoor, or workplace atmospheres.1.2 This test method describes the collection of integrated whole air samples in silanized or other passivated stainless steel canisters, and their subsequent laboratory analysis.1.2.1 This test method describes a procedure for sampling in canisters at final pressures above atmospheric pressure (pressurized sampling).1.3 This test method employs a cryogenic trapping procedure for concentration of the NMOC prior to analysis.1.4 This test method describes the determination of the NMOC by the flame ionization detection (FID), without the use of gas chromatographic columns and other procedures necessary for species separation.1.5 The range of this test method is from 20 ppb C to 10 000 ppb C (1, 2).31.6 This test method has a larger uncertainty for some halogenated or oxygenated hydrocarbons than for simple hydrocarbons or aromatic compounds. This is especially true if there are high concentrations of chlorocarbons or chlorofluorocarbons present.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice establishes essential and renumbered elements in the design, conduct, and reporting of research (both laboratory and field) on the psychophysiological detection of deception (polygraph). In laboratory research, all procedures shall be documented in sufficient detail such that others can replicate them. Subject manipulation shall require minimal human interaction; however, when human interaction is deemed necessary, such procedure shall be standardized to the extent possible. Also, when studies of exploratory nature are conducted, they shall be clearly identified as exploratory studies. In field research, on the other hand, the procedure for case selection shall be reported in sufficient detail, including the qualifications of the polygraph testing and chart evaluating participants. In cases where departures from conventional field practice are encountered, these shall be documented in sufficient detail including an explanation for the nonstandard procedures. For both laboratory and field research, statements of generalization shall be limited to those which can be supported by data, procedures, and statistical methodology. Polygraph testing shall be carried out in terms of evidentiary psychophysiological detection of deception (PDD) examinations and investigative PDD examinations, the validity and utility of which shall conform to the requirements specified. Investigative PDD examinations may resort to a "successive hurdles" approach to satisfy the minimum validity requirements.1.1 This practice establishes essential and recommended elements in the design, conduct, and reporting of research on psychophysiological detection of deception (polygraph) (PDD). Analog and field research are addressed separately.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.5.2 This test method extends the scope of Test Method D2887 (538 °C) boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include sulfur boiling range distribution in the petroleum distillate fractions. Knowledge of the amount of sulfur and its distribution in hydrocarbons is economically important in determining product value and in determining how best to process or refine intermediate products. Sulfur compounds are known to affect numerous properties of petroleum and petrochemical products. The corrosion of metals and poisoning of catalysts is of particular concern. In addition, the content of sulfur in various refined products may be subject to governmental regulations. Test Methods, such as, D2622, D3120, D5504 and D5623, are available to determine total sulfur content or content of individual sulfur compounds in petroleum and petroleum products. Test Methods, such as, D86, D1160, D2887, D3710, and D2892, are also available to determine the hydrocarbon boiling ranges of such samples. The gas chromatographic determination of the sulfur boiling range assists in process development, in treatment and control of refining operations and is useful for assessing product quality. This determination produces detailed information about the sulfur distribution in a sample that cannot be obtained by either total sulfur analysis or analysis of sulfur in discreet distillation cuts.5.2.1 The hydrocarbon boiling range distributions obtained by Test Method D2887 are theoretically equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.1.1.1 The applicable sulfur concentration range will vary to some extent depending on the boiling point distribution of the sample and the instrumentation used; however, in most cases, the test method is applicable to samples containing levels of sulfur above 10 mg/kg.1.2 This test method requires the use of both FID and SCD for detection. The hydrocarbon simulated distillation data obtained from the FID signal should be performed according to Test Method D2887 Procedure B.1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight components (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example, alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D3710, D7096, D5307, D7169, or D7500.1.4 This test method does not purport to identify all sulfur species in a sample. The detector response to sulfur is equimolar for all sulfur compounds within the scope (1.1) of this test method. Thus, unidentified sulfur compounds are determined with equal precision to that of identified substances. Total sulfur content is determined from the total area of the sulfur detector.1.4.1 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining may be poisoned when even trace amounts of nitrogenous materials are contained in the feedstocks. This test method can be used to determine bound nitrogen in process feeds and may also be used to control nitrogen compounds in finished products.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the trace total nitrogen naturally found in liquid hydrocarbons boiling in the range from approximately 50 °C to 400 °C, with viscosities between approximately 0.2 cSt and 10 cSt (mm2/s) at room temperature. This test method is applicable to naphthas, distillates, and oils containing 0.3 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg total nitrogen. For liquid hydrocarbons containing more than 100 mg/kg total nitrogen, Test Method D5762 can be more appropriate. This test method has been successfully applied, during interlaboratory studies, to sample types outside the range of the scope by dilution of the sample in an appropriate solvent to bring the total nitrogen concentration and viscosity to within the range covered by the test method. However, it is the responsibility of the analyst to verify the solubility of the sample in the solvent and that direct introduction of the diluted sample by syringe into the furnace does not cause low results due to pyrolysis of the sample or solvent in the syringe needle.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, 6.9, and Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used for determination of the total or dissolved nitrogen content of water from a variety of natural, domestic, and industrial sources. In its most common form, this test method is used to measure nitrogen as a means of monitoring nutrient pollutant in industrial wastewater, domestic wastewater, and ambient water. These measurements may also be used in monitoring waste treatment processes. 5.2 This test method measures oxidized ammonia and organic nitrogen (as nitrate) and soluble nitrate simultaneously, subtracting the nitrate + nitrite value from a non-digested sample gives total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN). When using this test method: where: TN   =   total nitrogen, and TKN   =   total Kjeldahl nitrogen. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of total nitrogen (TN) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in surface water, seawater, groundwater, wastewater, and wastewater effluents in the range from 0.2 mg/L N to 10 mg/L N. Concentrations from 10 mg/L to 500 mg/L are possible when used in conjunction with manual or automatic dilution, or automatic injection of less sample volume. The EPA 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B Method Detection Limit (MDL) is 0.05 mg/L N. Higher concentrations may be determined by sample dilution. Lower concentrations may be possible by injecting larger sample volumes. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. 1.2 The sample is injected onto a platinum catalyst heated at ≥720 °C. The sample converts into a gaseous phase and is forced through a layer of catalyst ensuring conversion of all nitrogen containing compounds to nitrogen oxide (NO). Reaction with ozone converts the NO to an exited NO2. As the excited NO2 returns to the ground state, it emits radiation that is measured photo-electrically. 1.3 Total and dissolved organic carbon analysis by Test Method D7573 can be analyzed at the same time on the same sample simultaneously using a properly equipped analyzer. (See Appendix X1 for an example of simultaneous TOC data.) 1.4 This test method quantitatively recovers nitrogen from a large range of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds (see Table 1 and Table 2). The test method does not measure nitrogen gas (N2). It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices. 1.5 This test method is applicable only to nitrogenous matter in the sample that can be introduced into the reaction zone. The syringe needle or injector opening size generally limits the maximum size of particles that can be so introduced. Optional automatic sample homogenization may be used. 1.6 This test method is performance based. You may make modifications that improve the test method’s performance but do not change the oxidation or detection technique. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.5.2 Method B—High voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thick-film coatings (greater than 20 mils), but can be used on coatings as low as 10 mils thick. A test voltage is selected and set. A charged Electrode is placed in contact with the coating, and the Detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When Electrical Breakdown occurs, electric current flows between the Detector’s electrode and the conductive substrate and emits an audible alarm.5.3 This standard does not apply to holiday detection of tape wraps used to protect pipe or coatings containing conductive raw materials such as conductive pigments and extenders.5.4 The thickness of a coating applied to ductile iron pipe, fittings, or other iron castings may vary substantially due to the inherent roughness of the substrate. For these applications, consult the coating manufacturer for their recommended test voltage setting when using Method B. The coating manufacturer’s recommended test voltage setting may be subject to approval by the owner.NOTE 1: Use of voltage settings lower than those listed in this standard may increase the likelihood of non-detection.1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus and procedures for detecting pinholes and holidays in coatings used to protect pipelines.1.2 Method A is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thin-film coatings from 0.025 mm to 0.254 mm (1 mils to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is effective on films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a wetting agent is used with the water.1.3 Method B is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thick-film coatings >0.508 mm (20 mils) This method can be used on any thickness of pipeline coating and utilizes applied voltages between 3.4 and 35 kV d-c.1.4 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This method directly determines the concentration of metal cyanide complexes in environmental waters. The method is important from an environmental regulatory perspective because it differentiates metal cyanide complexes of lesser toxicity from metal cyanide complexes of greater toxicity. Previous determinations of strong metal cyanide complexes assumed that the concentration of strong metal cyanide complexes is equivalent to the difference between the total cyanide and the free cyanide. This approach is subject to error because different methods used to determine free cyanide often provide widely varying results, thus impacting the strong metal cyanide complex concentration that is determined by difference. The direct analysis using anion exchange chromatography avoids these method biases and provides for a more accurate and precise determination of metal cyanide complexes.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the metal cyanide complexes of iron, cobalt, silver, gold, copper and nickel in waters including groundwaters, surface waters, drinking waters and wastewaters by anion exchange chromatography and UV detection. The use of alkaline sample preservation conditions (see 10.3) ensures that all metal cyanide complexes are solubilized and recovered in the analysis (1-3).21.2 Metal cyanide complex concentrations between 0.20 to 200 mg/L may be determined by direct injection of the sample. This range will differ depending on the specific metal cyanide complex analyte, with some exhibiting greater or lesser detection sensitivity than others. Approximate concentration ranges are provided in 12.2. Concentrations greater than the specific analyte range may be determined after appropriate dilution. This test method is not applicable for matrices with high ionic strength (conductivity greater than 500 meq/L as Cl) and TDS (greater than 30 000 mg/L), such as ocean water.1.3 Metal cyanide complex concentrations less than 0.200 mg/L may be determined by on-line sample preconcentration coupled with anion exchange chromatography as described in 11.3. This range will differ depending on the specific metal cyanide complex analyte, with some exhibiting greater or lesser detection sensitivity than others. Approximate concentration ranges are provided in 12.2. The preconcentration method is not applicable for silver and copper cyanide complexes in matrices with high TDS (greater than 1000 mg/L).1.4 The test method may also be applied to the determination of additional metal cyanide complexes, such as those of platinum and palladium. However, it is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish the validity of the test method for the determination of cyanide complexes of metals other than those in 1.1.1.5 The presence of metal complexes within a sample may be converted to Metal CN complexes and as such, are altered with the use of this method. This method is not applicable to samples that contain anionic complexes of metals that are weaker than cyanide complexes of those metals.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, refer to Section 9.

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5.1 Methanol and ethanol are generated by the degradation of cellulosic materials used in the solid insulation systems of electrical equipment. More particularly, methanol comes from the depolymerization of cellulosic materials.3, 4, 5, 65.2 Methanol and ethanol, which are soluble in an insulating liquid to an appreciable degree, will proportionally migrate to that liquid after being produced from the cellulose.5.3 High concentrations or unusual increases in the concentrations of methanol or ethanol, or both, in an insulating liquid may indicate cellulose degradation from aging or incipient fault conditions. Testing for these alcohols may be used to complement dissolved gas-in-oil analysis and furanic compounds as performed in accordance with Test Methods D3612 and D5837 respectively.1.1 This test method describes the determination of by-products of cellulosic materials degradation found in electrical insulation systems that are immersed in insulating liquid. Such materials include paper, pressboard, wood and cotton materials. This test method allows the analysis of methanol and ethanol from the sample matrix by headspace GC-MS or GC-FID.1.2 This test method has been used to test for methanol and ethanol in mineral insulating liquids and less flammable electrical insulating liquids of mineral origin as defined in D3487 and D5222 respectively. Currently, this method is not a practical application for ester liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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