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5.1 This practice provides criteria that building design teams shall use to compare the environmental impacts associated with a reference building design and a final building design, including additions to existing buildings where applicable.5.2 This practice deals specifically with material selection for initial construction, including associated maintenance and replacement cycles over an assumed service life, taking operating energy use into account if required or explicitly allowed under the applicable code, standard, or rating system.1.1 This practice provides criteria to be applied irrespective of the assessment (LCA) tool that is used when LCA is undertaken at the whole building level to compare a final whole building design to a reference building design.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to support the use of whole building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in building codes, standards, and building rating systems by ensuring that comparative assessments of final whole building designs relative to reference building designs take account of the relevant building features, life cycle stages, and related activities in similar fashion for both the reference and final building designs of the same building.1.3 The criteria do not deal with building occupant behavior, possible future changes in building function, building rehabilitation or retrofit, or other matters that cannot be foreseen or reasonably estimated at the design or permitting stage, or both where this practice applies.1.4 Only environmental impacts and aspects of sustainability are addressed in this practice. The social and economic impacts and aspects of sustainability are not addressed in this practice.1.5 This practice does not deal with basic LCA methodology, calculation methods or related matters that are covered in cited international standards.1.6 This practice does not supersede or modify existing ISO standards for the application of LCA at the product level, nor does it address any of the following related applications:1.6.1 Aggregation of building products Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) at the whole building level;1.6.2 Rules for applying EPDs in a building code, standard, or rating system; and1.6.3 Comparability of building product EPDs.NOTE 1: ISO 14025 and ISO 21930 provide guidance on use and comparability of building products EPDs.1.7 This practice does not specify the impact categories or sustainability aspects to be addressed in building codes, standards, or building rating systems and users of this practice conform to the impact category requirements specified in the applicable code, standard, or rating system.1.8 The text of this standard contains notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice can be applied to the requirements for facility serviceability of many functional occupant groups, provided that an appropriate set of requirement classifications for each type has been established.4.2 This practice can be applied to rating the facility serviceability of a building or building-related facility.4.3 This practice can be used to ascertain the requirements of a group or organization at the time when the group (1) needs to ascertain the serviceability of the facility it occupies; (2) is contemplating a move and needs to assess the relative capability of several existing facilities to perform as required, before deciding to rent, lease, or buy; (3) needs to compare its requirements to the serviceability of a facility that is being planned, or is designed but is not yet built; (4) is planning to remodel or rehabilitate the space it occupies and needs to establish the required level of serviceability that the remodeled or rehabilitated facility will have to meet.4.4 This practice is not affected by the complexity of the requirement for serviceability.4.5 This practice can be used by any individual with sufficient organizational, functional, and technical knowledge of buildings to act as an informed facilitator. The individual charged with the task of leading the process of establishing the functional requirements of an occupant group or organization needs basic facilitation and interviewing skills. The individual charged with rating the serviceability of a building needs sufficient knowledge of buildings to identify the features that are present.4.6 This practice provides a means of setting typical required serviceability levels for any serviceability topic, and of comparing the required levels of functionality for one occupant group or organization against levels set by others.4.7 This practice provides a means for organizations to set a profile of functional requirements for each type of occupant group within that organization.4.7.1 This practice provides a means for organizations to identify and validate exceptional needs of their occupants rapidly.4.7.2 This practice provides a means of comparing the requirement levels of various occupant groups within an organization.4.8 This practice provides a method for comparing how well an occupant's functional requirements match the capabilities of different buildings or facilities, despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.4.9 This practice provides a framework that allows design professionals and facility managers to select the most cost-effective means of providing a facility that will best provide the required levels of serviceability.4.10 This practice helps the occupants to understand how various functional requirements interact and impact on the overall serviceability of a building or building-related facility and on its level of serviceability for each topic.4.11 By providing a direct link between the features of a facility and its level of serviceability on any topic, the descriptions of each level clarify how various subsystems and materials used in a facility interact to provide that level of serviceability.4.12 Examples of Potential Applications: 4.12.1 Project Feasibility—When the owner of an older building considers remodeling it into apartments, or needs to rehabilitate it to bring it up to current market demand.4.12.2 Select Option Before Leasing—A corporate real estate and facility manager compares ratings of several office facilities before selecting which to lease.4.12.3 Compare Serviceability of Design Options—An architect rates various designs to select the most effective way of achieving design objectives within a fixed construction budget.4.12.4 Marketing—An owner rates a building for several potential uses to identify target markets that would find the building most serviceable in its present condition, or when remodeled for another use.4.12.5 Suitability of Existing or Proposed Use—A potential buyer assesses the suitability of a facility for multi-tenant office use.4.12.6 Cost Reduction—The owner rates various design options to select the most cost-effective means for achieving a target serviceability profile.4.12.7 Financial Analysis—The owner or potential buyer assesses likely benefits of a proposed remodel and conversion from a warehouse to a highly technical manufacturing building.4.12.8 Energy and Water Conservation—The owner or potential buyer compares the likely relative levels of energy or water consumption of a facility, or the likely cost-effectiveness of options to reduce energy and water consumption, or improve indoor air quality.4.13 This practice is not intended for, and is not suitable for, use for regulatory purposes, nor for fire hazard assessment, nor for fire risk assessment.1.1 This practice provides a definitive procedure for setting the level of requirements of the users (functionality) for the functional capability of a building or building-related facility.1.2 This practice provides a definitive procedure for rating the level of functional capability (serviceability) provided by an existing building or building-related facility, or to be provided according to the design for one.1.3 This practice provides a definitive procedure for creating or adapting a set of classifications for establishing the levels of functionality required of or the level of capability provided by a building or building-related facility.1.4 This practice can be used for setting the profile of requirements of an occupant group in an existing building or building-related facility, or of a group planning to move and looking at new accommodations to rent, buy, or build, and it can be used to assess the suitability of their present facilities.1.5 This practice can be used for setting the profile of requirements of an owner, facility manager, lender, or other investor.1.6 This practice does not specify what would cause a building to be rated at a given level. That information is found in classifications for specific topics of serviceability that contain a set of rating scales.1.7 This practice is not intended to be used for regulatory purposes.1.8 This practice contains the following information, in the sections indicated:  Section Introduction 1 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Essence of the Approach 5Procedure for Setting the Profile of Required Functionality 6Procedure for Setting the Profile of Functional Capability for a Building or for Building-Related Facilities 7Rating the Plans or Proposals for a New Building or for a Remodel or Rehabilitation Project 8Keywords 9Rules for Setting Levels in a Scale Annex A1Examples of Scales Appendix X1Steps for Setting the Functional Requirement Profile Appendix X2Steps for Setting the Facility Rating Profile Appendix X3Examples of Bar-Chart Profiles Appendix X4Example of Titles of Aspects, Topics and Features Appendix X5List of Common Types of Function Appendix X61.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 This practice is intended to serve as a concise, authoritative, and technically sound practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) that is based upon:6.1.1 The Owner Project Requirements;6.1.2 Clearly defined and enforceable levels of BECx; and6.1.3 Minimum core competencies required of the BECxP and associated service-providers28 (see 4.2) to qualify as Fundamental or Enhanced BECx under this practice.6.2 This practice is suitable for use as an independently applied standard for new buildings and structures, or as part of a more broadly based Total (or “Whole”) Building Commissioning Program.1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a concise, authoritative, and technically sound practice for Building Enclosure Commissioning (BECx) that establishes two levels of BECx: Fundamental and Enhanced (refer also to Section 4).1.2 The BECx process as defined in this practice includes the following phases and sub-phases:1.2.1 Pre-design,1.2.2 Design,1.2.2.1 Schematic Design,1.2.2.2 Design Development,1.2.2.3 Construction Documentation,1.2.3 Bidding and Negotiation Phase,1.2.4 Construction,1.2.4.1 Pre-Construction,1.2.4.2 Construction Administration, and1.2.5 Occupancy and Operations.1.3 This practice includes a mandatory OPR Development Guideline (Annex A1) and requires the development of an OPR for both Fundamental and Enhanced BECx that addresses, at a minimum, the performance attributes and metrics included in Annex A1 of this practice.1.4 This practice includes mandatory BECx Performance Testing Requirements (Annex A2) approved for use with this practice to evaluate the performance and durability of enclosure materials, components, systems, and assemblies.1.5 This practice mandates independent design review during the Design Phase of both Fundamental and Enhanced BECx.1.6 This practice recognizes that the OPR for exterior enclosure performance and environmental separation may exceed the baseline requirements of applicable building codes and standards and provides guidance for the development of an OPR based on the following attributes as defined in Annex A1 of this practice:1.6.1 Energy,1.6.2 Environment,1.6.3 Safety,1.6.4 Security,1.6.5 Durability,1.6.6 Sustainability, and1.6.7 Operation.1.7 The terms “building enclosure” and “enclosure” as they appear in this practice refer collectively to all materials, components, systems, and assemblies intended to provide shelter and environmental separation between interior and exterior, or between two or more environmentally distinct interior spaces in a building or structure.1.8 This practice establishes that the Building Enclosure Commissioning Provider (BECxP) refers specifically to the individual retained by the Owner to develop, manage, and be in responsible charge of the BECx process, including individual members and technical specialists that may comprise the BECx group (see 4.2).1.9 The role and responsibilities of the BECxP as defined by this practice are not intended to supersede or otherwise replace the contractual obligations reserved specifically for the parties responsible for the design and construction of a building or structure, nor the duties that may otherwise be assigned to those parties by applicable regulatory or statutory law.1.10 This practice is not intended to warrant or otherwise guarantee the as-built or in-service durability, or both, and performance of enclosure materials, components, systems, and assemblies.1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.13 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This specification provides basic criteria for evaluating the qualifications of agencies utilizing the ASTM test methods to test and evaluate manufactured building components. The existence of a formal accrediting authority such as a federal, state, municipal, or nongovernmental body is not necessary for the use of this specification. These criteria may be supplemented by more specific criteria for particular classes of testing, quality assurance, and evaluative agencies.4.2 The intent of this specification is to provide a “consensus-system” standardized basis for evaluating a testing, quality assurance, or evaluating agency with respect to its capability to provide the specific service(s) needed by the user without prejudice to the agency offering other services or being affiliated with other agencies or organizations. In those situations where a strict literal interpretation of the phrase “shall be made available,” as used in this specification, would be inordinately burdensome to an agency, it will generally be sufficient that the agency concerned has the information available for “on-site” review. This specification is not intended to be used by accredited agencies or personnel in the performance of Special Inspection services listed in the IBC Code or any other Code.4.3 The criteria of this specification are described in terms of the basic information necessary for an accrediting authority to evaluate the capability, with respect to objectivity, and competency of a testing, quality assurance, and evaluating agency regarding common characteristics pertaining to the organization, human resources, material resources, and quality systems employed by the agency in performing the services offered. Typically, accreditation of an agency involves the following three essential phases:4.3.1 Submittal, to an involved accrediting authority, of basic information in accordance with the criteria of this specification by an interested agency.4.3.2 Evaluation of the agency-submitted information by the involved accrediting authority.4.3.3 Verification, “on-site,” of the agency-submitted information by the representative(s) of the involved accrediting authority.4.4 Although three categories are presented, an agency may provide one or any combination of these categories for which it can qualify. An agency requesting qualification under more than one category must satisfy the criteria for each category for which acceptability is desired.4.5 The criteria set forth herein represent areas upon which agreement can be reached. There may be other areas to be given consideration which may be of importance to the user. The user should include such other areas as a part of its own criteria.4.6 This specification represents minimum criteria necessary to perform, monitor, or evaluate the test results of those standards promulgated by ASTM Committee E06.4.7 It is anticipated that the ultimate user of this specification will have the expertise necessary to exercise good judgment in the areas of human resources, physical resources, and quality systems of the agency being evaluated.NOTE 1: For example, when judging the qualifications of the various individuals in a particular agency, related factors or alternative resources (such as mechanical, electrical, or electronic equipment used to aid, control, or monitor the work of the personnel) should be considered when assessing the overall qualifications of such individuals. The job experience and the reliability of the individual should also be considered in the judgment, where applicable.4.8 When assessing the organization and the resources of a particular agency, the judgment should take into account only those factors or resources specifically related to the technological area being served by the agency in terms of the specific evaluation, and only as necessary to form an adequate judgment in relation to the evaluation. Conversely, those technological areas served by a particular agency that are not required to be evaluated in a specific instance should not be impugned through the lack of such evaluation. The absence of evaluation or the denial of accreditation by any one party should not prejudice future evaluations by other parties because small differences in needs can influence the judgement of users. The use of this specification does not abrogate the right to “due process” necessary to all assessments under this specification. The right of rebuttal to any conclusions drawn during an accreditation procedure shall be extended to the agency.4.9 Each act of evaluation should be viewed as a “one-to-one” judgment and should not be construed as being a universal judgment by others interested in the agency's services. In order to ensure proper interpretation of each act of evaluation, the purpose of the evaluation and the evaluation area shall be clearly specified in any report of an evaluation made pursuant to this specification.1.1 This specification defines the minimum requirements for agencies engaged in inspections and testing performance in accordance with ASTM standards for factory built building components and assemblies.1.2 The criteria in this specification are provided for assessing the competence of an agency to properly perform designation testing, quality assurance, and inspection.1.3 This specification does not cover Special Inspections or construction materials testing or inspection, or both. See Specification E329 for these items.1.4 The criteria presented herein are divided into three categories of endeavor, namely,Part A—Standards and Criteria for Testing AgenciesPart B—Standards and Criteria for Quality Assurance AgenciesPart C—Standards and Criteria for Evaluating Agencies1.5 The fundamental purpose of this specification is to provide criteria for evaluating an agency as denoted in 1.4 either by a user of that service or by an accrediting authority.1.6 It is not the purpose of this specification to provide a basis for determining the quality of a product or service being evaluated.1.7 This specification is not intended for the evaluation of those activities normally associated with the production and sale of products and the like, such as a manufacturer's internal quality program. However, any organization may request or perform an evaluation of its own in-house facilities under this specification if it so desires.1.8 It is not the intent of this specification to be the basis for the determination of the type of agency to be selected by the user.1.9 This specification is used in conjunction with Specification E541 and Practice E651/E651M.1.10 The use of SI or inch – pound units, or combination of, will be the responsibility of the technical committees referred to in this standard.

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1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for thermal insulation block composed of rigid cellular glass intended for use in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing applications. The insulation blocks are intended for continuous use at temperatures between 200°F and −50°F (93.3°C and −45.6°C).1.2 This standard is intended to apply to rigid cellular glass thermal insulation block products that are commercially useful in building exterior and interior walls, foundation, floor, ceiling, and roofing construction. For engineering and design purposes, users need to follow specific product information provided by block manufacturers regarding physical properties, system design considerations and installation recommendations.1.3 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is typically regulated by building codes, or other agencies that address fire performance or both. Where required, the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. For conversion to metric units other than those contained in this standard, refer to IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Each Facility Rating Scale in this classification (see Figs. 1-24) provides a means to estimate the level of serviceability of a building or facility for one topic of serviceability, and to compare that level against the level of any other building or facility.4.2 This classification can be used for comparing how well different buildings or facilities meet a particular requirement for serviceability. It is applicable despite differences such as location, structure, mechanical systems, age, and building shape.4.3 This classification can be used to estimate the amount of variance of serviceability from target or from requirement, for a single office facility, or within a group of office facilities.4.4 This classification can be used to estimate the following:4.4.1 Serviceability of an existing facility for uses other than its present use.4.4.2 Serviceability (potential) of a facility that has been planned but not yet built.4.4.3 Serviceability (potential) of a facility for which a remodeling has been planned.4.5 Use of this classification does not result in building evaluation or diagnosis. Building evaluation or diagnosis generally requires a special expertise in building engineering or technology, and the use of instruments, tools, or measurements.4.6 This classification applies only to facilities that are building constructions, or parts thereof. (While this classification may be useful in rating the serviceability of facilities that are not building constructions, such facilities are outside the scope of this classification.)1.1 This classification covers matched sets of scales (see Figs. 1-24) for classifying an aspect of the serviceability of an office facility, that is, the capability of an office facility to meet certain possible requirements for structure and building envelope.1.2 Within that aspect of serviceability, each matched set of scales (see Figs. 1-24) is for classifying one topic of serviceability. Each topic is typically broken down into two more demand functions and supply features. Each paragraph in an Occupant Requirement Scale summarizes one level of serviceability on that function, which occupants might require. The matching entry in the Facility Rating Scale is a translation of the requirement into a description of certain features of a facility which, taken in combination, indicate that the facility is likely to meet that level of required serviceability.1.3 The entries in the Facility Rating Scale (see Figs. 1-24) are indicative and not comprehensive. They are for quick scanning, to estimate approximately, quickly, and economically, how well an office facility is likely to meet the needs of one or another type of occupant group, over time. The entries are not for measuring, knowing, or evaluating how an office facility is performing.1.4 This classification can be used to estimate the level of serviceability of an existing facility. It can also be used to estimate the serviceability of a facility that has been planned but not yet built, such as one for which single-line drawings and outline specifications have been prepared.1.5 This classification indicates what would cause a facility to be rated at a certain level of serviceability, but does not state how to conduct a serviceability rating nor how to assign a serviceability score. That information is found in Practice E1679. The scales in Figs. 1-24 are complimentary to and compatible with Practice E1679. Each requires the other.1.6 The scales are intended to identify the levels of various requirements unique to a particular user, and the serviceability (capability) of a building to meet those requirements. The scales thus supplement rather than include code requirements. It remains the responsibility of designers, builders, and building managers to meet applicable code requirements relative to their respective roles in facility design, construction, and ongoing management.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

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5.1 This test method does not establish requirements for airtightness but provides means of assessing compliance with specified air-leakage rates established elsewhere.5.2 This test method is used to determine the airtightness of building envelopes or portions thereof by measuring the air leakage rate at specified reference pressure differentials.5.3 This test method provides:5.3.1 Specific directions for determining acceptable weather conditions for conducting the test.5.3.2 Two different test boundary preparation conditions; building envelope (9.1.1.1), and operational envelope (9.1.1.2).5.3.3 Testing conducted in a range of pressures from 10 Pa (0.04 in. WC) to 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).5.4 A measurement of the air-leakage rate of the constructed building envelope. Test methods that measure the air permeance of materials (Test Method E2178) and air leakage of assemblies (Test Method E2357) alone do not address the various complexities of the constructed building envelope, including but not limited to design, sequence, constructability, workmanship, and the transitions between assemblies.5.5 This test method applies to all multizone and large building types and portions or subsections of buildings. It can be used to test envelopes that consist of a single zone or subsections of a zone that can be tested as a single zone. Test envelopes that are entirely composed of subsections separated by interior partitions or floors, or both, may be tested as a single zone by maintaining baseline relationships between these subsections throughout testing. (See Appendix X1. See also Test Methods E779 and E1827.) Isolated subsections, each with its own specified air-leakage rate, shall be treated as separate test envelopes and tested separately. While testing isolated subsections, monitoring must be conducted for any extraneous/flanking air movement between the different zones.5.6 The building preparations prior to testing (fenestration positions and preparation of intentional openings such as HVAC penetrations and equipment) are critically important and can have a strong influence on the final test results. This test method includes guidance for testing of the building envelope both including and excluding HVAC-related openings.5.7 Compliance with a specified air leakage rate does not imply that all potentially problematic leaks have been sealed.5.8 While this test determines the air leakage rate of an envelope, it does not identify the location of leakage sites.NOTE 1: See, for example, Practices E1186 for locating leaks. The location of leaks, in addition to their cumulative leakage area, is also an important determinant of leakage under normal operating conditions.1.1 This standard test method provides a quantitative field-test procedure and calculation method for assessing an air leakage rate using a fan-induced pressure differential(s) across the building envelope, generated by blower doors or equivalent equipment.1.2 Building setup conditions in accordance with defining the test boundaries appropriate for testing the envelope’s air leakage are defined in this test method.1.3 Procedure to determine the air pressure boundaries of the test envelope to be tested are provided in this test method.1.4 This test method applies to all multizone and large building types and portions or subsections thereof.1.5 This test method defines three test procedures: multipoint regression, repeated single point, and repeated two-point air leakage rate testing.1.6 This test method allows for testing the test envelope in a pressurized condition, a depressurized condition, or in both conditions and averaging the results.1.7 This test method applies to an air leakage rate specification with a reference pressure greater than 10 Pa (0.04 in. WC) and not greater than 100 Pa (0.40 in. WC).1.8 This test method describes two methods of preparation for the building in order to conduct the test: the building envelope where HVAC-related openings are excluded, and on the operational envelope where the HVAC-related openings are included.1.9 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides for the following measurements and evaluations:5.1.1 Ability of the spandrel-panel assembly to resist the passage of flames or hot gases sufficient to ignite a cotton pad, or be visible to an observer.5.1.2 Transmission of heat through, and above, the spandrel-panel assembly using heat flux and unexposed surface temperature measurements.5.2 This test method does not provide the following:5.2.1 This test method does not evaluate the fire propagation characteristics of exterior nonload-bearing wall assemblies containing combustible components, or flame spread over the test assembly.5.2.2 This test method does not evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics of the perimeter joint protection between the floor assembly and the exterior wall assembly. This is covered in Test Method E2307.5.2.3 Evaluation of the degree to which the spandrel-panel assembly contributes to the fire hazard by generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion,5.2.4 Measurement of the degree of control or limitation of the passage of smoke or products of combustion through the spandrel-panel assembly,5.2.5 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the spandrel-panel assembly or exterior wall assembly,5.2.6 Durability of the test specimen under actual service conditions, including the effects of cycled temperature,5.2.7 Effects of loads (for example, wind, seismic, etc.) on the spandrel-panel assembly established by this test method,5.2.8 Movement capabilities of the test specimen,5.2.9 Other attributes of the test specimen, such as wear resistance, chemical resistance, air infiltration, water-tightness, and so forth, and5.2.10 Lateral spread of flame from the compartment of fire origin to adjacent spaces.5.3 In this test method, the test specimens are subjected to one or more specific test conditions. When different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by, or from, this test method to predict changes to the characteristics measured.5.4 This test method is not intended to be used as the only test method in the selection of a spandrel-panel assembly. It is not intended as a specification for all attributes required by a spandrel-panel assembly, or any of its individual components, in order for a spandrel-panel assembly to be used in a particular application.1.1 This test method evaluates the fire-test response characteristics of a spandrel-panel assembly spanning the intersection of a floor assembly.1.2 This test method is used to assess the spandrel-panel assembly’s ability to impede spread of fire to the interior of the room or the story immediately above it via fire spread from the exterior of a building, and provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard in terms of an I-Rating, T-Rating, and F-Rating from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies.1.3 This test evaluates the performance of the portions of the exterior wall installed between vertically adjacent window openings in multi-story buildings.1.4 This test method addresses the potential for fire spread to a single story immediately above the room of fire origin.1.5 The test method simulates a fire in a post-flashover condition in a compartment that is venting to the exterior through a window opening.1.6 The fire exposure conditions within the test room are those specified by this test method for the first 30 min of exposure and then conform to Test Methods E119 time-temperature curve for the remainder of the test. The fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test specimen comprises both the exposure from the fire plume exiting the window opening of the test room and the exterior burner, although the fire exposure on the exterior surface of the test assembly is not equivalent to that of Test Methods E119.1.7 This test method specifies the heating conditions, methods of test, and criteria for evaluation of a building’s spandrel-panel assembly. Specimens are not tested using any super-imposed axial load.1.8 Test results establish the performance of the spandrel-panel assembly during the fire-exposure period and shall not be construed as having determined the suitability of a spandrel-panel assembly for use after that exposure.1.9 This test method does not provide quantitative information about the spandrel-panel assembly relative to the rate of leakage of smoke or gases, or both.1.9.1 This test method does not evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics of perimeter joint protection between the floor assembly and the exterior wall assembly. This is covered in Test Method E2307.1.10 This test method does not evaluate the fire-test-response characteristics or fire propagation propensity of material installed on, or within, exterior non-load-bearing wall assemblies containing combustible components. This is covered in NFPA 285.1.11 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. Where provided, the SI values given in parentheses are for information only.1.12 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.13 This test method is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for the fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.15 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.1.16 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide may be used by public agencies to set standards affecting the weather resistance, durability, and performance of new building wall systems, exterior deck and stair components, doors, windows, penetrations and sealant joints beyond those specifically defined in the building codes.5.2 This guide may be used by building field inspectors as a resource for construction inspection during the construction phase of a project.5.3 This guide may be used by private organizations or individuals to set standards affecting the weather resistance, durability, and performance of building walls.5.4 This guide may be used by architects and engineers as a resource for making design decisions involving material selection, building wall detailing and specifications.5.5 This guide may be used by architects and engineers as a resource for conducting submittal review and construction observation during the construction administration phase of a project.5.6 This guide may be used by contractors as a resource and checklist for exercising field quality control.1.1 This guide describes design, specification, selection, installation, and inspection of new building wall systems, exterior deck and stair components, doors, windows, penetrations and sealant joints of wood and metal frame buildings, typically four stories or less, to minimize water intrusion.1.2 This guide does not address prevention of damage caused by water originating from the use of wet building materials or from indoor or outdoor humidity. Water from these sources can be important, and the potential for damage caused by water from these sources must not be overlooked in building design or construction.1.3 This guide does not address roofing systems, except when the surface of a deck also serves as a roof and at locations where roof systems interface with building walls.1.4 This guide does not address any type of barrier wall system.1.5 This guide does not address any exterior insulation and finish system (EIFS).1.6 This guide does not address foundation conditions where the bottom of a slab on grade or the grade of a crawl space is at or below the water table or subject to hydrostatic pressure.1.7 This guide is intended to supplement and not duplicate building code requirements.1.8 Maintenance, although important, is not covered in detail.1.9 Application of finishes, such as paint and sealers, may be important in the performance of some types of cladding; however, this is not covered in detail.1.10 This guide applies only to constructions with sheathing, which facilitates installation of the water-resistive barrier and associated flashings in a common plane.1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.12 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.13 Organization of Document:   Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Guide 4 5General Design Principles 6Design Practices 7General Guidelines 8Drainage Walls 9 Drainage Walls—General 9.1 Drainage Wall Cladding—Portland Cement Plaster (Stucco) 9.2 Drainage Wall Cladding—Wood and Wood-Derived Products 9.3 Drainage Wall Cladding—Vinyl Siding 9.4 Drainage Wall Cladding—Fiber-Cement Siding 9.5Cavity Drainage Walls 10 Cavity Drainage Walls—General 10.1 Cavity Drainage Wall Cladding—Masonry 10.2Wood Framed Decks and Stairs with Exposed Framingand Decking 11Plaza Decks or Stairs with Enclosed Framing and aWaterproofing Membrane with Separate Wearing Surfaces 12Plaza Decks or Stairs with Enclosed Framing and aWaterproofing Membrane with an Integral Wearing Surface 13Windows, Doors, and Similar Wall Penetrations 14Special Wall Configuration 15Exterior Sealant Joints 16Keywords 17Appendix—Introduction to Guide Details Appendix X1Appendix—General Notes for Cement Plaster (Stucco) Details Appendix X2Appendix—Additional Resources Appendix X31.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Intent—This standard practice is intended to establish the minimum requirements for conducting periodic inspections of building facades to identify unsafe conditions that could cause harm to persons and property. It addresses the required content of the facade inspection to convey to the specifying authority the condition of the facade and allow comparisons of facade conditions at other times. Facade Inspection reports conducted and prepared as outlined in this standard practice will provide specifying authorities the information necessary to mitigate the threat of harm, injury, damage, or loss to persons or property from unsafe conditions on subject facades.4.2 Need for Periodic Facade Inspections—Due to age, lack of maintenance, design or construction errors, or a combination of these factors, building facades deteriorate. Based on the knowledge gained about the performance of building facades through investigation and research, governing authorities, owners, and qualified professionals are becoming more aware of potential unsafe conditions on building facades that if unaddressed, can jeopardize public safety and surrounding properties.4.3 Facade Service History—Facades require periodic maintenance and repairs to extend their useful life and to minimize and/or correct problems. As a part of any facade inspection, facade service history shall be reviewed because: (1) it may indicate patterns of leakage or other performance problems leading to concealed damage and an unsafe condition; (2) it may show a poorly conceived or improperly implemented maintenance or repair procedure that can contribute and aggravate unsafe conditions; and (3) it is necessary to distinguish between original construction and subsequent repairs or modifications during the inspection process and help identify the source of potential problems.4.4 Who Shall Perform the Inspection—Facade inspection shall be performed by a qualified inspector familiar with the available service history and the available design documents relevant to the building facade. The qualified inspector shall be capable of assessing both the watertight integrity and exterior conditions of the building facade to evaluate and identify potential unsafe conditions. The qualified professional who seals and signs the report shall also oversee all work of the qualified inspector and the inspection process.4.5 Facades Requiring Inspection—Those facades as determined by the specifying authority that pose a potential threat of harm, injury, damage or loss to persons or property.4.6 Frequency, extent, and the required level of facade inspections are dependent on facade age, material, and construction.4.7 Observed facade deficiencies shall be categorized and documented in Facade Inspection Report as “unsafe condition,” “requires repair/stabilization,” or “ordinary maintenance.”4.8 Limitations—Due to the construction techniques and physical properties of the many materials used in facade construction, and the inherent limitations on detecting concealed facade distress based on limited observation and probes, conducting a facade inspection does not assure that all unsafe conditions will be identified.1.1 This standard practice covers methods and procedures for inspection, evaluation, and reporting for periodic inspection of building facades for unsafe conditions. In the context of this practice, unsafe conditions are hazards caused by or resulting from loss of facade material.1.2 This standard practice does not purport to address the nature of deterioration of various building facade materials nor the performance of their assemblies. It is the responsibility of the owner to retain a qualified professional who can demonstrate expertise in the evaluation of various facade materials and their assemblies.1.3 Investigative techniques discussed may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of the qualified professional to anticipate, advise on the nature of procedures, and to plan for implementing repair as necessary.1.4 It is the responsibility of the specifying authority to establish the usage of this standard practice and to supplement this practice with additional requirements suitable to its local jurisdiction. It is also the responsibility of the specifying authority to determine compliance with local licensing regulations and customary practices.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Awareness of safety and familiarity with safe procedures are particularly important for above-ground operations on facades and destructive investigative procedures, which typically are associated with the work described.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers solid, dry-cast, concrete building brick intended for interior and exterior use in constructing structural masonry, and are made from portland cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials. Materials to be used in the manufacture of brick include Portland cement, limestone, hydraulic cement, pozzolan, blast furnace slag cement, aggregates, and other constituents like air-entraining agents, coloring pigments, integral water repellents, and finely ground silica. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the units or significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction.1.1 This specification covers solid, dry-cast, concrete building brick intended for interior and exterior use in constructing structural masonry, and are made from portland cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.NOTE 1: Specification C1634 addresses concrete facing brick used in facing applications and other exposures (previously referred to in earlier editions of this standard as Grade N—for use as architectural veneer and facing units in exterior walls and for use where high-strength and resistance to moisture penetration and severe frost action are desired). This specification differs from C1634 in that it addresses properties for concrete building brick used in non-facing, utilitarian applications (previously referred to in earlier editions of this specification as Grade S—for general use where moderate strength and resistance to frost action and moisture penetration are required).1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.NOTE 2: Concrete building brick covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.NOTE 3: When particular features are desired, such as density classification, high compressive strength, surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, fire resistance, insulation, acoustical properties, or other special features, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete building brick having the desired features.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This guide specifies recommended scales for architectural, building product, and building drawings using metric (SI) units of measurement, and measured with scale instruments graduated in millimetres. Careful consideration should be given to the selection of suitable scales in metric building drawings. Scales for use with metric (SI) drawings are expressed as ratios only. For the purpose of classifying suitable scale ratios, the following drawing types shall be identified: area location plan; block plan; site plans; general location drawings; component drawings; assembly drawings; and component detail drawings.1.1 This guide specifies recommended scales for architectural, building product, and building drawings using metric (SI) units of measurement, and measured with scale instruments graduated in millimetres. Preferred scales are listed for various types of drawings.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This guide is intended to provide building professionals with a methodology for conducting periodic condition assessments of building facades, for the purpose of determining if conditions exist in the subject facades that represent hazards to persons or property. It addresses the performance expectations and service history of a facade, the various components of a facade, and the interaction between these components and adjacent construction to provide a stable and reliable enclosure system. This guide was written as a parallel document to Practice E2270 as well as potential uses in conducting facade inspections as required by authorities having jurisdiction. Practice E2270 is written in the imperative form as a Standard Practice and is designed for adoption by specifying authorities. This guide is intended as a dissemination of explicit knowledge gained from experience of conducting periodic facade inspections. Implicit in this guide are general facade inspection techniques that have been tailored for periodic inspections. These tips and techniques are shared to provide a comprehensive template from which a facade inspection program can be tailored.4.1.1 Qualifications—Use of this guide requires knowledge of basic physics, construction and building exterior wall design principles and practices.4.1.2 Application—The sequential activities described herein are intended to produce a complete and comprehensive evaluation program, but all activities may not be applicable or necessary for a particular evaluation program. It is the responsibility of the professional using this guide to determine the activities and sequence necessary to perform an appropriate condition assessment for a specific building properly.4.1.3 Preliminary Assessment—A preliminary assessment may indicate that localized conditions in a wall system exist which are limited to a specific element or portion of a wall. The evaluation of causes may likewise be limited in scope, and the procedures recommended herein abridged according to the professional judgment of the investigator. A statement stipulating the limits of the investigation should be included in the report.4.1.4 Expectations—Expectations about the overall effectiveness of a condition assessment program must be reasonable, and in proportion to a defined scope of work and the effort and resources applied to the task. The scope and effort of facade inspections is defined by the purchaser and provider of such services. The objective is to be as comprehensive as possible within a defined scope of work. The methodology in this guide is intended to address the intrinsic behavior of a facade system. Since every location throughout the building facade is not likely to be included in the evaluation program, it is possible that localized conditions of distress may not be identified. Conditions that are localized or unique may remain, and require additional evaluation. The potential results and benefits of the condition assessment program should not be over-represented.4.2 This guide is not intended for use as listed below. In each instance, more appropriate standards or guides exist.4.2.1 As a design guide, design check, or a guide specification. Reference to design features of a wall is only for the purpose of identifying items of interest for consideration in the condition assessment process.4.2.2 As a construction quality control procedure, or as a preconstruction qualification procedure.4.2.3 As a diagnostic protocol for evaluating buildings for water leakage or other performance related problems.4.2.4 As a sole evaluation of facade damage arising from natural or manmade event/disasters.1.1 This guide is intended to establish procedures and methodologies for conducting inspections of building facades including those that meet inspection criteria for compliance with Practice E2270 as well as potential uses in conducting facade inspections as required by authorities having jurisdiction. For the purposes outlined in this guide, unsafe conditions are hazards which could result from loss of facade materials.1.2 Investigative techniques discussed may be intrusive, disruptive or destructive. It is the responsibility of the investigator to establish the limitations of use, to anticipate and advise of the destructive nature of some procedures, and to plan for patching and selective reconstruction as necessary.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Awareness of safety and familiarity with safe procedures are particularly important for aboveground operations on the exterior of a building and destructive investigative procedures that typically are associated with the work described in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车