4.1 This test method is intended to provide a measure of the volume of dry coating obtainable from a given volume of liquid coating. This value is useful for comparing the coverage (square feet of surface covered at a specified dry film thickness per unit volume) obtainable with different coating products.4.2 For various reasons the value obtained may not be equal to that predicted from simple additivity of the weights and volumes of the raw materials in a formulation. One reason is that the volume occupied by a solution of resin in solvent may be the same, greater, or less than the total volume of the separate ingredients: such contraction or expansion in resin solutions is governed by a number of factors, one of which is the extent and direction of spread between solubility parameters of the resin and solvent.4.3 The spatial configuration of the pigment particles and the degree to which the spaces between the pigment particles are filled with the binder also affect the volume of a dry coating formulation. Above the critical pigment volume concentration, the apparent volume of the dry film is significantly greater than theoretical due to the increase in unfilled voids between pigment particles. The use of volume nonvolatile matter values in such instances should be carefully considered as the increased volume is largely due to air trapped in these voids.1.1 This test method is believed to be applicable to the determination of the volume of nonvolatile matter of a variety of coatings. An interlaboratory study to establish the precision of this test method included a water-reducible exterior latex paint and three automotive coatings that included a solvent-reducible primer surfacer, water reducible primer surfacer, water reducible enamel topcoat, and acrylic dispersion lacquer topcoat. Earlier collaborative studies included a gloss enamel, a flat wall paint, a gloss house enamel, an industrial baking enamel, an interior latex paint, and an exterior latex paint. This method does not apply to radiation curable materials or pigmented coatings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 Rosin, particularly gum and wood rosin, occasionally contains small amounts of contamination such as sand, dirt or bark. Rosin derivatives occasionally contain traces of insoluble material as a result of the raw materials used in their production or they may be generated during the production process. In all instances the presence of such insoluble material should be minimal. This test method describes a rapid and reliable procedure for determining the amount of such insoluble matter. It is based on the knowledge that rosin and most of its derivatives are soluble in numerous organic solvents whereas most common contaminants are not. It is especially useful for internal quality control rather than sales specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of insoluble matter in rosin and rosin derivatives as described in Terminology D804.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the total desulfated matter contained in sulfated oils following their total decomposition with dilute mineral acid.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total desulfated fatty matter in a sample of sulfated oils by decomposition with diluted mineral acids and extraction of the decomposed fat. This test method is not applicable to samples that are not completely decomposed upon boiling with mineral acids. This test method was derived from Test Methods D500, Sections 29 through 32.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The result obtained by this test is normally considered to be the moisture content of the wet blue or wet white sample. This result is used to correct all other chemical tests to a moisture-free basis.4.2 Materials that are volatile under these conditions, other than water, may be present in the wet blue, although their amount in any normal wet blue would be expected to be a very small percentage of the total volatile matter.4.3 Under the conditions of this test, certain materials in wet blue, such as protein fiber and chromium tanning salts, may retain moisture. Other materials, such as natural animal fats, may be oxidized. Both of these effects produce negative errors in the moisture determination.4.4 The amount of volatile matter (moisture) released by a given sample varies with (a) method and time of sample preparation, (b) weight of sample taken, (c) temperature and time of the oven drying, (d) type of oven (gravity versus mechanical convection) used.4.5 Because of the above unknown errors, the result of this test is a purely arbitrary value for the moisture content of the sample. It is, therefore, essential that the method be followed exactly in order to obtain reproducible results among laboratories. This is particularly true if other chemical analytical tests being performed on the same sample are reported on the moisture-free basis.1.1 This test method covers the determination of volatile matter (moisture) in all types of wet blue and wet white.1.2 This test method was originally developed for wet blue, however, this test method can be used to test wet white. For wet white testing, substitute the term wet white for wet blue in the standard.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Solids, both as filterable matter (TDS) and nonfilterable matter (TSS), are important in the treating of raw water and wastewater, and in monitoring of streams.4.2 Waste solids impose a suspended and settleable residue in receiving waters. Suspended and soluble materials provide a matrix for some biological slime and, in sufficient quantity, impair respiration of organisms. These solids may create nuisance slime beds and odors while imposing a long-term biological oxidation load over limited receiving water areas.4.3 Knowledge of suspended and soluble materials is important in treating raw water supplies. Knowledge of solids loading can aid in determining the type or amount of treatment, or both, necessary to make the water acceptable for use. Such information may also be used to determine acceptability of water after treatment. Too little treatment may not be desirable and excess treatment costs money.4.4 Stream monitoring is important for environmental reasons, such as compliance with discharge permits. Stream improvements, water pollution monitoring, mass wasting, algal studies, and sediment loads are but a few of the many reasons streams are monitored.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of filterable matter, total dissolved solids (TDS), and nonfilterable matter, total suspended solids (TSS), in drinking, surface, and saline waters, domestic and industrial wastes. The practical range of the determination of nonfilterable particulate matter (TSS) is 4 to 20 000 mg/L. The practical range of the determination of filterable matter (TDS) is 10 mg/L to 150 000 µg/g. Section 20 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods.1.2 Since the results measured by these test methods are operationally defined, careful attention must be paid to following the procedure as specified.1.3 The test method for the determination of nonfilterable matter (TSS) must not be used when water samples were collected from open channel flow. For the determination of matter collected in open channel flow use Test Methods D3977.1.4 The test methods appear in the following order:Test Method A: Filterable Matter (TDS) and Nonfilterable Matter (TSS), mg/L Sections 10 – 14   Test Method B: Total Dissolved Solids High Precision Method, µg/g Sections 15 – 191.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

5.1 Test Method D1113 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and the procedure has been used extensively in the trade for this purpose, particularly in connection with the determination of clean wool fiber present by Test Method D584. The procedure in Test Method D1113 is used by the U.S. Customs Service for the determination of the vegetable matter in importations of raw wool on which the allowance for loss of wool during commercial cleaning is based in part.35.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1113 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content of oven-dried, ash-free, alcohol extractive-free vegetable matter and other alkali-insoluble impurities present in scoured wool. It is also applicable to “related fibers” such as the hair from the goat, camel, alpaca, and other animals.Note 1—The determination of clean wool fiber present on a laboratory scale is covered in Test Method D584, the determination of clean wool fiber present on a commercial scale is covered in Test Method D1334, and the calculation of commercial weight and yield of various commercial compositions (formerly covered in Appendix to Test Method D584) is covered in Practice D2720.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety hazard statements, see Section 8.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The following is a non-exclusive list of standards to which this guide applies: Guide D6062; Test Methods D4185, D4532, D6785, D7035, D7439, D7948; and Practices D6061 and D6552.5.2 The applicability of this guide to other standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22, but not the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.04, should be considered where analyte entry into the sampler is considered the sample and where analyte adherence to internal sampler surfaces (“walls”) is likely to scavenge analyte from the collection substrate.5.3 Aerosol samplers typically consist of a filter or other collection substrate, for example an impaction plate or foam, supported in a container or holder. The entire device typically is considered an aerosol sampler. The sampling efficiency of the aerosol sampler, that is, the ratio of the concentration collected by the collection substrate to the undisturbed concentration in the air, has three components: (1) aspiration (or entry) efficiency; (2) transport efficiency (depending on design, both from entry “plane” to internal separator and from any internal separator to collection substrate); and (3) penetration (through the internal separator). For a sampler of a specific design, the three efficiency components are functions of particle (aerodynamic) size and flow rate. The aspiration efficiency also depends on wind speed and direction, while the sampler’s angle to the vertical influences both the aspiration efficiency and the transport efficiency. Ideally, when a sampler is designed and tested for its sampling performance, or both, it should first be established what is considered as the collected sample (that is, the deposit on the collection substrate, but also any deposits on any internal surfaces if these are to be analysed).5.4 Part of the aerosol entering a sampler will deposit on the internal surfaces of the sampler prior to reaching the collection substrate. There are number of mechanisms by which this can occur, including bounce from the filter, inertial impaction, gravitational settling and electrostatic attraction after entry. In addition, after sample collection, if the collection substrate is transported while mounted in the sampler, it is possible that particles originally deposited on the collection substrate may dislodge during transportation. Such particles can thereby contribute to deposits on the walls, as well as on the base of any cover plate or plug. All particles found elsewhere than on or in the collection substrate are often loosely termed “wall deposits.” If the sample of interest entails the entire aspirated air particulate into the container or holder (sampler), it is necessary to account for these wall deposits, especially if it cannot be shown that they should be disregarded.5.5 The research underpinning the information in this guide has arisen partly from studies of inert particles (3, 4), but mostly from investigations of methods for the determination of airborne metalliferous particulates (2, 5-15). However, the issues at hand are also important in sampling airborne organic materials, including bacterial endotoxin (16), wood (17), and pharmaceutical dusts (18); another relevant study reported results from investigations in thermosetting plastics, wood, paper, and animal breeding (19). Except in the case of very large wood dust particles, there is no evidence to suggest that wall deposited particles are sufficiently different from those found on the collection substrate to warrant their exclusion (13, 14). Wall deposits are not limited to aerosol samplers for larger airborne particles but may also be found in samplers for finer particles (20, 21). There may be a justification for excluding wall deposits where the performance of an aerosol sampler tested to EN 13205 shows appropriate compliance with the relevant ISO 7708 size-selective convention without their inclusion.5.6 The findings of studies that have been carried out to assess wall deposits in two commonly used samplers are summarized in Table 1 and Table 2. A commonly used sampler, the 37-mm closed-face polystyrene cassette (CFC), is specified as the sampler of choice in many U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) methods (1). While the specific methods may not explicitly call for the recovery and analysis of CFC wall deposits, inclusion of wall deposits is called for by both agencies (22). Another widely used sampler, the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) personal inhalable sampler, was specifically developed for the purpose of collecting the inhalable fraction of aerosol in accordance with ISO 7708 specifications (23). Wall deposits in this sampler were noted during its development and are specifically included as part of the sample (24), although no standard protocol has been published for their inclusion other than for gravimetric analysis. Side-by-side studies have shown little difference between these two samplers when used to collect aerosol in metals industries (12), provided they are analyzed by the same procedure (that is, filter only or filter plus wall deposits). Fewer studies have been carried out in non-metal industries. However, in the study of sewage composting facilities (16), wall deposits of endotoxin exceeded 40 % of the total sample in 34 % of cassettes and exceeded more than half the total sample in some. In the laboratory study of wood dust (17) 85 % of the sample aspirated was found on the cassette walls. In the pharmaceutical industry study (18), averages of 51 %, 62 %, and 72 % of the sample was found on non-filter internal surfaces, depending on compound. Figure 8.2 of Aitken and Donaldson (3) provides a graph of mass faction wall deposits of inert particles in the IOM sampler versus particle size. Although the actual data points are not provided the median is approximately 18 % and the maximum approximately 55 %, in accordance with the data in Table 2. Witschger, et al., (4) provides similar data, with a maximum wall deposit of 50 %. While both these studies were performed in a laboratory, Lidén, et al., (19) presents averages of 24–37 % wall deposits in a range of field samples from non-metal industries, depending on industry.5.7 The Gesamtsstaubprobenhame (GSP) inhalable sampler, and similar metal or plastic versions referred to as a conical inhalable sampler (CIS), has not been the subject of similar extensive investigations of wall deposits. While the GSP met the inhalable convention in a European study without considering wall deposits for particles up to 25 µm AED (25), for particles up 50 µm AED it under-samples by an average of 21 % with respect to the IOM sampler (when wall deposits are considered in the IOM sampler) (26). A study of wall deposits at a lead mine concentrate mill (5) showed up to 40 % (median 24 %) of total aspiration on the walls, while the laboratory wood study (17) found an average of 42 %, suggesting that wall deposits be considered with this sampler. Other samplers not specified in this practice may also have wall deposits; these should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.5.8 No pattern has been discerned that might allow for correction factors to be used in any single sampler without introducing too great an uncertainty into the result (1, 12)). Therefore, it is necessary to account for the wall deposits in all cases where the sample is meant to include the total aspirated aerosol into the sampler. On the other hand, enough data have now been accumulated to allow rough assumptions to be made regarding the effect of wall deposits on a large population of samples, either historically or for predictive purposes, including estimating the proportion of likely overexposures. These estimates become more precise where there is a body of data involving filter-only and filter plus wall deposits from the specific environment of interest.5.9 Samplers for the ISO 7708 respirable fraction of dust have filters contained in holders downstream of (after) the size-separation device, typically a cyclone. These sample holders, where not electrically conductive, have also been shown to exhibit significant proportions of wall deposits. In a study of field samples (19), up to 32 % of total collected quartz was found on the walls of 2-piece non-conductive styrene cassettes and up to 55 % on the walls of 3-piece styrene non-conductive cassettes, which is similar to what was found in laboratory studies (20).1.1 Many methods for sampling airborne particulate matter entail aerosol collection on a substrate (typically a filter) housed within a container (or holder), the whole apparatus being referred to as an aerosol sampler. In operation, the sampler allows a vacuum (pressure below ambient or room air pressure) to be applied to the rear of the substrate so that sampled air will pass through the substrate, leaving collected particles on the substrate for subsequent analysis. The sampler may also protect the substrate, while the opening (orifice) of the container may further play some role in determining what size range(s) of particles approach the collection substrate (size-selective sampling).1.2 All particles entering the container orifice are considered part of the sample, unless stated otherwise in the method, but not all particles are necessarily found on the substrate after sampling (1).2 Particles may be deposited on the inner walls of the sampler during sampling or may be deposited on the inside walls of the sampler or on the orifice plug or cap following transportation (2). These particles are often loosely referred to as wall deposits. This guide presents background on the importance of these wall deposits and offers procedures by which these deposits can be assessed and included in the sample.1.3 Wall deposits may also occur in multi-stage samplers (for example, cascade impactors), but this guide does not cover such samplers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used for determining particulate matter (PM) emission rates and emission factors for wood heaters.5.2 This method is used in conjunction with Annex A2 for determining particulate matter (PM) emissions for Single Burn Rate heaters.5.3 Use of this test method in conjunction with Annex A1 and CSA B415.1 allows overall thermal efficiency, carbon monoxide emission rate, and particulate matter per unit of heat output to be determined.5.4 The fuel load specified in this test method is cordwood that is representative of the fuel actually burned in homes. The intent is that the results from this test method will be more predictive of in-home performance than other test methods using a lumber crib of uniform dimensions.1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining average particulate matter emissions from wood fires in wood-burning room heaters and fireplace inserts as well as options for determining heat output, efficiency, and carbon monoxide emissions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Refer to 4.3.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Many types of printed matter, notably container labels, packaging materials, magazine and book covers, must be resistant to liquid materials that may contact them advertently or inadvertently. This practice permits an assessment of resistance of printed matter to several types of liquids.4.2 The requirement that a reference print be run at the same time as the test print minimizes effects of atmospheric conditions (humidity and temperature) and other variations which may develop.4.3 This practice can be used to determine whether new formulations are suitable for the end-use purpose and for specification acceptance between producer and user.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of the relative resistance of printed matter to liquid chemicals, as evidenced by lack of discoloration, bleeding, or loss of gloss.1.2 This practice utilizes a sandwich procedure similar in principle to ISO/TC 130 N 589. Spotting or immersion procedures are covered in Test Methods D1308, D1647, and D2248.1.3 This practice is applicable to prints on any flat substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, and plastic films, and produced by any printing process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, silk screen, and non-impact.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

Lightfastness or weatherability for specified periods of time is pertinent for certain types of printed matter such as magazine and book covers, posters and billboards, greeting cards and packages. Since the ability of printed matter to withstand color changes is a function of the spectral-power distribution of the light source to which it is exposed, it is important that lightfastness be assessed under conditions appropriate to the end-use application. The accelerated procedures covered in these exposure methods provide means for the rapid evaluation of lightfastness or weatherability under laboratory conditions. Test results are useful for specification acceptance between producer and user and for quality control. The xenon-arc lamp with an appropriate filter system exhibits a spectral-power distribution that corresponds more closely to that of daylight than the carbon-arc. In turn, accelerated tests using xenon-arc apparatus may be expected to correlate better with exposure to natural daylight than do those using carbon-arc apparatus. To accommodate variations in light intensity among days, seasons, locations, or instruments, duration of exposure is preferably expressed as the radiant exposure in specific bandpasses rather than time. In either case, the inclusion of an appropriate control serves to minimize effects of variations in test conditions. Color changes are not a linear function of duration of exposure. The preferred method of determining lightfastness or weatherability is to expose the prints for a number of intervals and to assess the time or radiant exposure required to obtain a specified color difference. For a given printing ink, lightfastness and weatherability or both depend on the type of substrate, the film thickness of the print, and the area printed (solid versus screen). Therefore, it is important that the nature of the test and control specimens correspond to that expected under actual use conditions. Note 2—Specifications D4302, D5067, and D5098 provide useful guides to the lightfastness of pigments in several types of artists' paints after 1260 MJ/m2 total window glass filtered solar radiant exposure (equivalent to about 2 or 3 months' exposure to window glass filtered solar radiation in accordance with Practice G24 at a tilt angle of 45 degrees). However, because of major differences between printing inks and artists' colors, especially in applied film thickness, it cannot be assumed that the lightfastness categories of printed ink films containing these pigments will be comparable to those indicated in the three specifications.1.1 This standard describes procedures for the determination of the relative lightfastness and weatherability of printed matter under the following conditions, which involve exposure to natural daylight or accelerated procedures in the laboratory: 1.1.1 Method 1—Daylight behind window glass, 1.1.2 Method 2—Outdoor weathering, 1.1.3 Method 3—Xenon-arc apparatus with window glass filters to simulate daylight behind window glass, 1.1.4 Method 4—Xenon-arc apparatus with water spray and daylight filters to simulate outdoor weathering, 1.1.5 Method 7—Fluorescent lamp apparatus to simulate indoor fluorescent lighting in combination with window-filtered daylight. 1.1.6 Method 8—Fluorescent lamp apparatus operating with fluorescent cool white lamps to simulate indoor fluorescent lighting. Note 1—Previous versions of this standard included Methods 5 and 6 that are based on enclosed carbon-arc exposures. These methods are described in Appendix X1. The spectral irradiance of the enclosed carbon-arc is a very poor simulation of solar radiation, window glass filtered solar radiation, or the emission of lamps used for interior lighting. In addition, enclosed carbon-arc devices are no longer readily available or commonly used. 1.2 These methods require that a suitable print or other control (reference standard) be run along with the test sample. Color changes due to conditions of exposure may be evaluated by visual examination or instrumental measurement. 1.3 These methods are applicable to prints on any flat substrate including paper, paperboard, metallic foil, metal plate, and plastic film, and are produced by any printing process including letterpress, offset lithography, flexography, gravure, and silk screen. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating exposures to benzene-soluble particulate matter in a concentration range that can be related to occupational exposures.1.1 This test method describes the sampling and gravimetric determination of benzene-soluble particulate matter that has become airborne as a result of certain industrial processes. This test method can be used to determine the total weight of benzene-soluble materials and to provide a sample that may be used for specific and detailed analyses of the soluble components.1.2 The limit of detection is 0.05 mg/m3 by sampling a 1 m3 volume of air.NOTE 1: Other volatile organic solvents have been used for this determination and whereas a less toxic solvent for this analysis might be desirable, the substitution of a solvent other than benzene is unwise at this time. A tremendous volume of environmental sampling data based on benzene-soluble determinations has been accumulated over many years in several industries.2 Some of the determinations have been used in epidemiological studies. Furthermore, the use of benzene is specified in existing United States federal standards.3 As a result, it appears imprudent to use a different solvent until the qualitative and quantitative relationship of analyses derived from benzene and a substitute solvent is established. With proper care, benzene can be safely used in the laboratory.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used for determining average emission rates and average emission factors for pellet heaters.5.1.1 The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.5.1.2 The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.5.1.3 The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from pellet heaters.5.2 The reporting units are grams of particulate per hour and grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel.5.2.1 Appropriate reporting units for comparing emissions from all types of solid fuel fired appliances: g/kg.5.2.2 Appropriate reporting units for predicting atmospheric emission impacts: g/h or g/MJ.1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from fires in pellet or other granular or particulate biomass burning room heaters and fireplace inserts.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used for determining emission rates and emission factors for wood heaters.5.1.1 The emission factor is useful for determining emission performance during product development.5.1.2 The emission factor is useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining compliance with emission performance limits.5.1.3 The emission rate may be useful for the air quality regulatory community for determining impacts on air quality from wood heaters.5.2 The reporting units are grams of particulate per hour, grams of particulate per kilogram of dry fuel and grams of particulate per megajoule of heat output.5.2.1 Appropriate reporting units for comparing emissions from all types of solid fuel fired appliances: g/kg.5.2.2 Appropriate reporting units for predicting atmospheric emission impacts: g/h or g/MJ.5.3 The fuel load specified in this test method is a lumber crib of uniform dimensions, identical to that specified in EPA Method 28. Cribs were specified in EPA Method 28 to provide a reproducible and repeatable test method. In normal operation the majority of fuel used by consumers is cordwood with irregular shapes and dimensions. Very little data exists to indicate whether or not the fuel cribs specified in this standard yield results that are predictive of performance using cordwood fuel. This standard, therefore, includes Annex A1 which provides a fueling procedure using cordwood. It is provided so that those interested in measuring emissions performance with cordwood will have a consistent method to follow. A comparative database using the two fueling procedures will provide data to determine whether test results using crib fuel correlate to test results using cordwood fuel.1.1 This test method covers the fueling and operating protocol for determining particulate matter emissions from wood fires in wood-burning room heaters and fireplace inserts as well as determining heat output and efficiency.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test Method D1574 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1574 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.5.2 This test method may be used to estimate the quantity of oil, grease, and waxy materials remaining on or in wool fibers after scouring, or the quantity of lubricant added before carding or remaining after carding, or the quantity of such materials added or removed in subsequent processing operations.5.3 The residues obtained in this test may be subjected to chemical analysis for identification and assay of the component materials, if desired.5.4 The specified solvent in this test method does not remove some materials, such as soaps, that may be present in wool and hence in some cases may reflect more closely the added content of some extractables in wool such as oils. When such materials are present and an estimate of their quantity is desired, some other solvent or combination of solvents should be used as specified in a material specification or by agreement. The information in the Annex of this test method may be useful for this purpose. Various solvents have been used in the past, and are still used to some extent. Many of these solvents are undesirable, however, because of flammability, toxic or anesthetic effects, or unpleasant odors. Trichlorotrifluoroethane is nonflammable, has a very low level of toxicity, and a high degree of stability and is a good solvent for most fatty or mineral oils, greases, and waxes. The specified solvent, under conditions of the test, was found in interlaboratory test not to extract wool protein.NOTE 2: Since the specified solvent is primarily a solvent for oils rather than soap, the extractable matter obtained in this procedure may be considered a measure of commercial oil content.NOTE 3: Due to the hazardous nature of some of the solvents listed in Table A1.1, the user should refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for use before using under the conditions of this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of extractable matter in samples of all forms of wool, except grease wool, that is extractable with a non-flammable vapor degreasing and cleaning solvent.1.2 This test method does not cover the determination of the amounts of different components in the extracted matter nor their identification.1.3 This test method is suitable for use with other animal fibers.NOTE 1: The determination of extractable matter in yarns and in felts is covered in Test Methods D2257 and D461. For the determination of alcohol-extractable matter in oven-dry scoured wool, refer to Test Methods D584 and D1334.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.4 and Note 3.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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