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This specification presents the thermophysical property tables for methane, which are used in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of methane for process design and operations. Tables are provided for gaseous and liquid methane at specified temperature and pressure ranges. One table provides properties at the conditions of liquid-vapor equilibrium (saturation properties). The other table provides properties at selected T, p points for the equilibrium phase at those conditions. These tables apply directly only to pure gaseous methane, but are expected to be substantially useful in mathematical models and tables for the thermophysical properties of mixtures containing methane.1.1 The thermophysical property tables for methane are for use in the calculation of the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT), thermodynamic, and transport properties of methane for process design and operations. Three tables are provided for gaseous and liquid methane at temperatures between 90 K and 600 K at pressures to 30 MPa. Two tables provide properties for the liquid and vapor phases at liquid-vapor equilibrium (saturation properties). The third table provides properties at selected T, p points for the equilibrium phase at those conditions. The tables were developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology from a Standard Reference Database product REFPROP, version 10.02.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The Pusey and Jones indentation value is the depth of indentation, expressed in hundredths of a millimetre, of a ball 3.175 mm (0.1250 in.) in diameter under an expressed force of 9.8 N (2.2 lbf). This value may be used to compare the indentation resistance of rubber and rubber-like materials.3.2 The indentation value obtained should not be confused with hardness as measured by Test Method D1415, since in the latter test the rubber immediately adjacent to the indentor is precompressed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the indentation of rubber or rubber-like materials by means of the Pusey and Jones type of plastometer. This apparatus is used to measure the depth of indentation of an indentor, under fixed force into the surface of a specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the vulcanization characteristics of (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.2 This test method may be used for quality control in rubber manufacturing processes, for research and development testing of raw-rubber compounded in an evaluation formulation, and for evaluating various raw materials used in preparing (vulcanizable) rubber compounds.5.3 The test specimen in a rotorless cure meter approaches the test temperature in a shorter time and there is a better temperature distribution in the test specimen due to the elimination of the unheated rotor found in oscillating disk cure meters.5.4 Several manufacturers produce rotorless cure meters with design differences that may result in different torque responses and cure times for each design. Correlations of test results between cure meters of different designs should be established for each compound tested, and for each set of test conditions.1.1 This test method covers a method for the measurement of selected vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds using unsealed and sealed torsion shear cure meters. The two types of instruments may not give the same results.NOTE 1: An alternative method for the measurement of vulcanization characteristics is given in Test Method D2084.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Movement is the act or process of physically relocating tangible property from one location, internal area, or person to another within an entity’s site, generally regarded as an onsite location change.5.1.1 Movement applies to tangible property relocated within an entity's facility, for example, building and room changes within one site.5.1.2 Movement is recorded by means of internal entity movement documents such as move orders or hand receipts. All movement must be authorized and documented.5.1.3 Movement typically does not include any change to accountability or ownership but may include a change in responsibility and stewardship.5.1.4 Movement documents are used to update and support records established and maintained for management and audit purposes.5.2 Shipment is the physical relocation of tangible property from one facility, geographical location, customer, or entity, or any combination thereof, to another and may or may not include a transfer of accountability. Typically a shipment would include a change in responsibility or stewardship. For information on transfers, see 5.3.5.2.1 A shipment of property from one facility or site to another, to a supplier, to a customer, or to a consignee requires preparation of a shipping document, for example, an entity’s or carrier’s shipping document, customer, client or government forms, etc.5.2.2 Shipping documents used to update property records are retained as auditable documents.5.2.3 For the purpose of this practice, shipment is relocation of an item offsite and movement is a location change onsite. However shipment may be considered the same as movement in regard to the updating of an entity’s property records in that both actions cause a change to location information.5.2.4 Shipments require compliance with federal, state and local laws and regulations, including, where applicable, export laws and regulations as promulgated by Government entities.5.3 Transfers of tangible assets typically include a conveyance of right, title, interest, or accountability (and possibly responsibility or stewardship, or both) in those assets from one person, organization, or entity to another.5.3.1 Transfers require proper approval or authorization, or both, consistent with the involved entity’s organizational structure in accordance with any client requirements.5.3.2 Transfer documents may include the following: entity specific forms, client specific forms, government specific forms, etc.5.4 Some of these processes may occur simultaneously. For instance movement or shipment may also include a transfer of custodianship, accountability, stewardship, or responsibility and vice versa.1.1 This practice defines and clarifies the differences between movements, shipments, and transfers of tangible property to support the goals and mission of the entity.1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for tangible property holding entities.1.3 This practice contains information on movements, shipments, and transfers as defined herein and includes other terms from Terminology E2135.1.4 This practice enables effective and consistent communication across entities through standard use of the terminology.1.5 This practice does not include actual instructions or directions on how to complete or conduct movements, shipments, or transfers.1.6 For the purpose of clarification and communication, shipment and movement are considered two different activities in this practice.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This test method may be used to estimate the relative abrasion resistance of subject materials as described in 1.1. No correlation between this accelerated test and service performance is given or implied, due, in part, to the widely varying nature of service conditions.4.2 The formulas, for which the mixing and curing specifications are given in Annex A1, once prepared, are referred to as calibration compounds. These calibration compounds may be used to determine the performance status of the cutting knives as described in this test method.4.3 The performance of the cutting knives may also be determined by periodically determining their dimensions as described in 6.1.7.4.4 The calibration compounds are used as reference standards to which the abrasion resistance, determined by volume loss of a subject material, may be compared.4.5 Once the resistance to abrasion is established, using this methodology, for a specific material, the results achieved may be used as a basis for future comparative analysis of identical materials, either as agreed upon between laboratories, or between customer and supplier.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of vulcanized (thermoset) rubbers, thermoplastic elastomers, and elastomeric and similar materials to a standardized reference system. A standardized set of reference compounds is used to calculate relative abrasion resistance. These reference compounds are also used to determine the relative performance, within a permissible range, of the cutting knives used in performing the test.1.2 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology,2 or other internationally recognized organization parallel in nature.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 One objective in the extrusion of rubber compounds is to obtain a smooth extrusion that closely reproduces the contours of the extrusion die. This test method provides for a subjective determination of this under controlled conditions. As the rating is subjective, it does not lend itself readily to incorporation as a specification requirement. It does not measure other aspects of extrudability such as rate of extrusion or die swell in a quantitative manner.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extrudability of unvulcanized SBR and NBR rubber compounds through a screw-type extruder equipped with ASTM Extrusion Die, Garvey type. This test method is designed to allow the observation of the appearance and contours of the extrusion. Rating systems are provided along with recipes for compounds of known extrusion characteristics. The utility of the test method for evaluating rubbers or compounding materials other than those listed has not been established. Since extrusion machines differ among laboratories, the procedure includes techniques that minimize differences between machines.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Establish a standard notational and conversational approach to tangible property mobility and related information to enable precision in requirements and results related to movement and tracking.4.2 Foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on mobility practice and information.1.1 This practice covers standardizing practice and terminology related to information conveying the mobility of tangible property.1.2 This practice describes a graduated index depicting in a standard manner the mobility of tangible property, assigning a standard name and index number to each. The index ranges from indiscernible to immovable. The mobility index ranges from MI 0 for non-discernible items to MI 10 for real property.1.3 While examples are given of items that may be associated with a particular mobility index number, the intent of this practice does not include rigid prescriptive assignment of items or types of items to specific mobility indexes. Individual entities may make their own assignments based on their judgment unless or until standard practice based on experience using this practice emerges.1.4 In conjunction with Practice E2608, entities may base decisions on control classes and control classes in whole or in part based on the mobility indices of the items.1.5 In conjunction with Practice E2132, entities may develop their physical inventory plans for classes of items based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.1.6 In conjunction with Practice E2131, entities may analyze and report their loss, damage, and destruction experience based in whole or in part on the mobility indices of the items.1.7 There is no existing, recognized practice for recording, discussing, and comparing mobility information.1.8 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all tangible property-holding entities.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The International Hardness test is based on measurement of the penetration of a rigid ball into the rubber specimen under specified conditions. The measured penetration is converted into IRHD, the scale of degrees being so chosen that 0 represents a material having an elastic modulus of zero, and 100 represents a material of infinite elastic modulus. 4.1.1 The scale also fulfills the following conditions over most of the normal range of hardness: one IRHD range represents approximately the same proportionate difference in Young's modulus, and for rubber vulcanizates in the usual range of resilience, readings in IRHD are comparable with those given by a Type A durometer (Test Method D2240) when testing standard specimens. 4.1.1.1 The term “usual range of resilience” is used to exclude those compounds that have unusually high rates of stress relaxation or deformational hysteresis. For such compounds, differences in the dwell time in the two hardness tests (Test Methods D2240 and D1415) result in differences in hardness values. Readings may not be comparable when testing curved or irregularly shaped test specimens. 4.1.2 For substantially elastic isotropic materials like well-vulcanized natural rubbers, the hardness in IRHD bears a known relation to Young's modulus, although for markedly plastic or anisotropic rubbers the relationship will be less precisely known. 4.1.3 The relation between the difference of penetration and the hardness expressed in IRHD is based on the following: 4.1.3.1 The relation4 between penetration and Young's modulus for a perfectly elastic isotropic material: where: D   =   known relationship for a perfectly elastic isotropic material, between indentation, R   =   radium of the ball, mm, F   =   total indenting force, E   =   Young's modulus expressed in megapascals, and f   =   contact force 4.1.3.2 Use of a probit (integrated normal error) curve to relate log10 M and hardness in IRHD, as shown in Fig. 1. This curve is defined as follows: FIG. 1   Point Curve to Relate Log10 M and the Hardness in IRHD 4.1.3.3 The value of log10 M corresponding to the midpoint of the curve is equal to 0.364, that is, M  = 2.31 MPa or 335 psi. 4.1.3.4 The maximum slope is equal to 57 IRHD per unit increase in log10 M. 1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the hardness of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber. The hardness is obtained by the difference in penetration depth of a specified dimension ball under two conditions of contact with the rubber: (1) with a small initial force and (2) with a much larger final force. The differential penetration is taken at a specified time and converted to a hardness scale value. 1.2 This test method is technically similar to ISO 48. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Rubber in contact with light colored organic finishes may stain the surfaces in contact with the rubber (contact staining) and surfaces adjacent to or beyond the rubber (migration staining), especially under conditions of heat, pressure, or sunlight. When a light colored rubber veneer or organic coating covers a staining rubber compound, the staining ingredients can diffuse through the veneer or coating and stain the surface (diffusion staining). This staining of light colored surfaces is objectionable to the consumer.5.2 These test methods provide a means of evaluating staining characteristics of rubber compounds but may not necessarily duplicate the effects of natural exposure conditions.5.3 Results obtained should not be treated as being equivalent to any natural exposure, unless the degree of quantitative correlation has been empirically established for the material in question.5.4 These test methods may be used for producer-consumer acceptance, referee purposes, and research and development work.5.5 The two types of exposures (Fluorescent UV and Xenon Arc) are not equivalent and may produce different test results.1.1 These test methods cover techniques to evaluate three types of staining that rubber may cause when in contact with, or in proximity to, another surface that may be light colored.1.2 The test methods also describe how to qualitatively evaluate the degree of staining produced under the conditions of exposure to heat alone or heat and light.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The plasticity number and the recovery of the test specimen are related to the flow properties and the elastic properties, respectively, and may be useful in predicting processing characteristics, such as ease of forming and extrusion characteristics.4.1.1 In this test method, plasticity is measured in an inverse manner, as noted by the final height of the specimen. Thus, high plasticity rubbers (high degree of flow during test) are indicated by a low plasticity number.1.1 This test method covers the determination of plasticity and recovery of unvulcanized rubber by means of the parallel plate plastometer. Uncompounded, compounded, and reclaim rubber may be tested.NOTE 1: ISO 2007 and Test Method D3194 use a principle similar to this test method although the apparatus, test conditions, and procedure are different.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.1.FIG. 1 (a) Type A and C Indentor1.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanized (thermoset) rubber, elastomeric materials, cellular materials, gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described.1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D1415.1.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics.1.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Resilience is a function of both dynamic modulus and internal friction of a rubber. It is very sensitive to temperature changes and to depth of penetration of the plunger. Consequently, resilience values from one type of rebound instrument may not, in general, be predicted from results on another type of rebound instrument.4.2 This test method is used for development and comparison of materials. It may not directly relate to end-use performance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of impact resilience of solid rubber from measurement of the vertical rebound of a dropped mass.1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubbers or coated fabrics.1.3 A standard test method for impact resilience and penetration of rubber by a rebound pendulum is described in Test Method D1054.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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