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ASTM C1401-23 Standard Guide for Structural Sealant Glazing Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

5.1 The old saying “A chain is only as strong as its weakest link” is very applicable to a SSG system. In reality, a SSG system, to be successful, must establish and maintain a chain of adhesion. For example, a factory applied finish must adhere adequately to a metal framing member, a structural glazing sealant to that metal finish, that structural glazing sealant to a reflective coating on a glass lite, and lastly, that reflective coating to a glass surface. This guide will assist in the identification and development of, among others, performance criteria, test methods, and industry practices that should be implemented to obtain the required structural glazing sealant adhesion and compatibility with other system components.5.2 Although this guide has been arranged to permit easy access to specific areas of interest, it is highly recommended that the entire guide is read and understood before establishing the requirements for a particular SSG system.5.3 This guide should not be the only criteria upon which the design and installation of a SSG system is based. The information herein is provided to assist in the development of a specific program with a goal of achieving a successful SSG system installation. Information and guidelines are provided for the evaluation, design, installation, and maintenance of a SSG system and many of its various components. Considering the range of properties of structural glazing silicone sealants, as well as the many types of framing system designs, material combinations that can be used, various material finishes, and the many types and varieties of accessories, the information contained herein is general in nature.5.4 Generally, the design, fabrication, and installation of a SSG system requires more technical knowledge and experience then is required for a conventionally glazed window or curtain wall system. To ensure the success of a SSG system, it is important that suppliers, fabricators, and installers of materials and components have a sound knowledge of SSG system requirements and become involved in the design and planning for each application. Suppliers of, among others, sealants, framing finishes, glazing materials and components, and various accessories should review and agree with the developed SSG system plans, requirements, and quality control program.5.5 The results of not planning for and implementing quality control programs during at least the design, testing, fabrication, and installation phases of a SSG system's development can result in less than desirable results, which can include nuisance air or water leakage or catastrophic failure where life safety of the public can be at risk (1, 2).81.1 Structural sealant glazing, hereinafter referred to as SSG, is an application where a sealant not only can function as a barrier against the passage of air and water through a building envelope, but also primarily provides structural support and attachment of glazing or other components to a window, curtain wall, or other framing system.1.2 This guide provides information useful to design professionals, manufacturers, contractors, and others for the design and installation of a SSG system. This information is applicable only to this glazing method when used for a building wall that is not more than 15° from vertical; however, limited information is included concerning a sloped SSG application.1.3 Only a silicone chemically curing sealant specifically formulated, tested, and marketed for structural sealant glazing is acceptable for a SSG system application.1.4 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard published by other organizations.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. SI units in this guide are in conformance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of interlayers, in the theoretical equations for designing laminated transparencies, and in the evaluation of new interlayers.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the shear strength and shear modulus of interlayer materials that are restrained by relatively high modulus plies in laminated transparencies. This test method can be used with single or multiple plies of the same interlayer materials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide suggests a simple means of evaluating the extent of any failure of a structural sealant in an installed structural sealant glazing system.5.2 A qualified authority should specify the criteria described in Sections 8 and 9 and should interpret the results and judge their significance for the structural sealant glazing system.5.3 The evaluation program measures deflection of loaded lites and does not measure directly any structural sealant failure. Consequently, the qualified authority interpreting the data should also evaluate the source of any increased deflection that is measured. Increased deflection may be due to structural sealant adhesive or cohesive failure, but may also be due to a decrease in sealant modulus, a change in sealant joint dimensions, or other nonfailure mechanisms. Selective destructive sampling of areas with increased deflections can assist in this evaluation.1.1 This guide covers a screening approach to detect failure (adhesive or cohesive) of a structural sealant in a structural sealant-glazed window, curtain wall, or other similar system. Presently, only a silicone-sealant that is specifically formulated, tested, and marketed as a structural glazing sealant is allowed for structural sealant glazing.1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.3 There are no ISO standards similar or equivalent to this ASTM standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods are intended to establish a measure of resistance for window assemblies subjected to attacks (other than impacting glazing materials) by unskilled or opportunistic burglars. Resistance to higher levels of force generated by skilled burglary attack requires methods such as alarms, communication, or apprehension systems, or special security glazing materials more sophisticated than those evaluated by these test methods. Technicians performing the test should understand the intent of this test method and should be trained on the execution and pass/fail criteria.5.2 Entry through a window assembly can be accomplished by impacting the glazing materials. This method does not evaluate glazing materials for breakage. Other standards must be used to evaluate forced entry by impacting the glazing.5.3 Acceptance criteria for performance levels are a matter for authorities having specific jurisdiction to establish. Suggested guidelines are found in Annex A1.1.1 These test methods cover the ability of window assemblies of various types to restrain, delay, or frustrate forced entry.1.2 For purposes of these test methods, window assemblies are defined as described in 1.2.1 – 1.2.5 and as shown in Fig. 1. Window assemblies with a combination of operable sash and fixed panes (lites) shall be classified and tested separately for each type.FIG. 1 Typical Window Types (viewed from the exterior)1.2.1 Type A—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that open by sliding, either vertically or horizontally within the plane of the wall.1.2.2 Type B—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are hinged at or near two corners of the sash and that open toward the exterior (outswinging) or toward the interior (inswinging).1.2.3 Type C—A window assembly which incorporates one or more sash that are pivoted so that part of the sash opens toward the interior and part of it opens toward the exterior.1.2.4 Type D—A window assembly which incorporates one or more fixed panes (lites) or stationary sash that are designed not to open.1.2.5 Type E—A window assembly which incorporates a series of overlapping horizontal louvers that are pivoted simultaneously by a common actuator so that the bottom edge of each louver swings outward and the top edge swings inward during operation.NOTE 1: See Fig. 1 for graphic depiction of window assembly types.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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11.1 The significance and use of the test methods is contained in Test Methods E2353.AbstractThis specification covers the classification, design and performance requirements, and test methods for glass in permanent railing systems, guards, and balustrades installed in agricultural, assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, recreational, and residential buildings. This specification considers that the overall outlook is based on the health and safety of all potential users of buildings, and establishes the basic minimum requirements and criteria that lead to satisfactory products under normal and anticipated building uses, and not for abuses for which the building and its components are not designed. Also, this specification does not give consideration to design criteria for specific field conditions, the establishment of which is the prerogative and responsibility of the designer, specification writer, and regulatory agencies.1.1 This specification covers glass in permanent railing systems, guards, and balustrades, including components such as rails and swing gates or other forms of required guardrail opening protection installed in agricultural, assembly, commercial, educational, industrial, institutional, recreational, and residential buildings, and other structures such as towers or elevated platforms.1.2 This specification is intended to be applied to permanent glass or other glazing railing systems for buildings and to such railing systems, rails, guards, and balustrades having major structural components made of glass or other glazing material, or the secondary components such as infill or balusters made of glass or other glazing material.1.3 This specification considers that the overall outlook is based on the health and safety of all potential users of buildings. The criteria incorporated in this specification provide for normal and anticipated building uses, but not for abuses for which the building and its components are not designed.1.4 This specification establishes basic minimum requirements and criteria that lead to satisfactory products under normal use conditions and does not give consideration to design criteria for specific field conditions, the establishment of which is the prerogative and responsibility of the designer, specification writer, and regulatory agencies.1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1487-19 Standard Guide for Remedying Structural Silicone Glazing Active 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

4.1 Guidelines are provided for remedying existing SSG installations. Refer to Guide C1401 for a complete discussion of proper SSG design, installation, and materials.4.2 Due to the unlimited range of materials that may be used in a particular building, and because each design is unique, the information contained in this guide is general in nature.4.3 This guide should not be the only reference consulted when designing remedies for SSG. For example, the local building code and the manufacturers' product literature for the actual materials used, if known, also should be considered. The sealant manufacturer(s) should be involved fully with the remedial design.4.4 This guide is intended to be a resource, but it is not a substitute for experience and judgement in designing remedies for the specialized types of construction discussed. It is intended to be used in conjunction with other resources as an aid in remedying problems with existing SSG.1.1 This guide provides recommendations for remedying existing structural sealant glazing (hereinafter called SSG) installations in situ. Remedial work may be necessary when a lite of glass is replaced, for routine maintenance, or after distress is discovered. This guide focuses on large-scale remedies, not isolated repairs or maintenance.1.2 Committee C24 is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers an accelerated procedure for predicting the effect of weathering on adhesion, surface cracking and peeling, deep bead cracking, oil exudation, and wrinkling of face glazing or bedding compounds, or both, intended for exterior use on steel, aluminum, or other metal sash.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any equivalent standard published by other ASTM committees, ISO or any other standards organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers voluntary performance requirements and methods of laboratory tests for the resistance to forced entry of window and door assemblies. The capability of window and door assemblies to frustrate opportunistic entry by unskilled and semi-skilled intruders is addressed by the specification. However, detention facilities or window and door assemblies attacked by professional, sophisticated intruders are not addressed. The specified requirements are limited to window and door assemblies only as manufactured, regardless of their materials or method of manufacture. They do not include requirements for secondary or storm windows and doors, doors intended for vehicular access, or skylights. The window assemblies, sliding door assemblies, and swinging door assemblies shall be subject to forced entry test through the hand manipulation test. Assembly glazed area shall be subject to a missile impact test.1.1 This specification covers performance requirements and methods of test for the resistance to forced entry of window and door assemblies. This specification addresses the capability of window and door assemblies to frustrate and potentially delay or deter opportunistic entry by unskilled and semi-skilled intruders. This specification does not address detention facilities or window and door assemblies attacked by professional, sophisticated intruders.1.2 This specification is used for the testing of complete window and door assemblies including assault to the infill glazing. Direct assault to the infill glazing at the specified threat level is not included in other ASTM test methods that address fenestration security performance.1.3 These requirements are limited to window and door assemblies only as manufactured, regardless of their materials or method of manufacture. They do not include requirements for secondary or storm windows and doors, doors intended for vehicular access, or skylights. This is a laboratory test, not a field test that simulates an installed condition.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Certain values contained in reference documents cited and quoted herein may be stated in inch-pound units and must be converted by the user.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Frequently IG units are adhered with a structural sealant to a metal framing system. In such applications, only the inward lite of glass is usually adhered to the frame. As a result, a significant portion of any outward-acting or negative wind load must be carried in tension by the joint seal between the two lites of the IG unit. This test will not provide information on the integrity of the IG unit primary seal; however, it may provide data on load sharing between the primary IG vapor seal and the secondary structural sealant.5.2 Although this test method prescribes one environmental condition, other environmental conditions and exposure cycles can be employed for specific project evaluation. Such deviations should be described when reporting the data.1.1 This test method covers a laboratory procedure for quantitatively measuring the tensile strength, stiffness, and adhesion properties of insulating glass edge seals that are used in structural sealant glazing applications. Edge seals for these applications use a structural sealant to bond both glass lites and the edge spacer into a monolithic sealed insulating glass unit. In typical applications, the structural sealant acts to hold the outside lite in place under wind and gravity load and to maintain the edge spacer in its proper position. Hereafter, the term “insulating glass” will be abbreviated as “IG.”1.2 The characterization of the IG secondary sealant properties, as defined by this test method, are strongly dependent on glass and edge spacer cleaning procedures, IG spacer profile, location of spacer, and primary IG sealant application. Users of this test method must recognize that the IG edge seal assembly influences the secondary sealant properties.1.3 The values determined by this test method will be characteristic of the particular edge seal assembly that is tested.NOTE 1: Presently, only elastomeric, chemically curing silicone sealants specifically formulated for use as the secondary seal of IG units are recognized as having the necessary durability for use in structural sealant glazing applications.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 At this writing, aerospace quality extruded transparent polycarbonate material is not available in thicknesses greater than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm). When a requirement exists for sheets thicker than 0.5 in. (12.7 mm), two or more sheets are fusion bonded together to form a single sheet of the desired thickness.5.2 The structural integrity of the completed transparency depends on the integrity of the fusion bond. This test applies torsional shear loads to measure the structural integrity of the fusion bond. This test method is considered more reliable and more reproducible than shear tests in tension or compression.1.1 This test method determines the shear yield strength Fsy and shear ultimate strength Fsu of fusion bonds in polycarbonate by applying torsional shear loads to the fusion-bond line.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers a laboratory determination of the slump of a knife-grade, oil-base, channel glazing compound. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 This specification can be referred to in contract documents as a method and workmanship standard for the installation of lock-strip gasket glazing systems. See also related standards (Specifications C542 and C963, Guide C964, and Terminology C717).AbstractThis specification covers installation procedures for lock-strip gaskets and for infill glazing materials in lock-strip gasket glazing applications used in building walls. The prime performance considerations are weathertightness against air and water infiltration, and structural integrity under wind loads. H-type gasket and reglet-type gasket are types of single-opening gasket systems which should be installed according to the specified requirements. Installation of multiple-opening gasket systems shall be classified as: unsupported vertical ladder assembly; unsupported horizontal ladder assembly; supported vertical ladder assembly; supported horizontal ladder assembly; and grid assembly. Installation of stick system, glass or panel into gasket, and lock-strip shall be in accordance with the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers installation procedures for lock-strip gaskets that comply with Specification C542 and for infill glazing materials in lockstrip gasket glazing applications used in building walls which are not more than 15° from a vertical plane. The prime performance considerations are weathertightness against air and water infiltration, and structural integrity under wind loads.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other organizations.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It should be realized that the design of an IG unit edge seal for use in SSG systems is a collaborative effort of at least the IG unit fabricator, sealant manufacturer, and design professional, among others.4.2 This guide provides information on silicone sealants that are used for the secondary seal of IG units that are glazed into SSG systems.4.3 Information is also provided on the other major components of the IG unit edge seal, compatibility of components, durability, and quality assurance (QA).1.1 This guide covers design and fabrication considerations for the edge seal of conventionally sealed insulating glass units, herein referred to as IG units. The IG units described are used in structural silicone sealant glazing systems, herein referred to as SSG systems. SSG systems typically are either two or four sided, glazed with a structural sealant. Other conditions such as one, three, five, six sided may be used.1.2 This guides does not cover the IG units of other than conventional edge seal design (Fig. 1); however, the information contained herein may be of benefit to the designers of such IG units.FIG. 1 Sealed IG Edge Seal: Basic Components1.3 In an SSG system, IG units are retained to a metal framing system by a structural seal (Fig. 2). The size and shape of that seal, as well as numerous other SSG system design considerations, are not addressed in this guide.FIG. 2 Typical A-Side SSG System Mullion: Horizontal Section (Vertical Joint)1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard guides published by other organizations.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the testing of wood sash face glazing compounds for accelerated aging. Note-Test Method D2249 describes a similar procedure for a different type of glazing compound. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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ASTM C742-99 Standard Test Method for Degree of Set for Wood Sash Glazing Compound (Withdrawn 2002) Withdrawn, No replacement 发布日期 :  1970-01-01 实施日期 : 

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree of set of wood sash glazing compounds. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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