This test method covers the determination of maximum pore diameter and permeability of rigid porous filters used in the laboratory for filtration or diffusion. They are applicable to filters made of sintered glass, ceramic, metal, or plastic. This test method establishes a uniform designation for maximum pore diameter and also provides a means of detecting and measuring changes which occur through continued use. Maximum pore diameter is determined by immersing the filter in a suitable test liquid and applying air pressure until the first bubble of air passes through the filter. The maximum pore diameter is calculated from the surface tension of the test liquid and the applied pressure. Permeability is determined by measuring the flow of air through the filter when subjected to a pressure differential.1.1 This test method covers the determination of maximum pore diameter and permeability of rigid porous filters used in the laboratory for filtration or diffusion. They are applicable to filters made of sintered glass, ceramic, metal, or plastic. This test method establishes a uniform designation for maximum pore diameter and also provides a means of detecting and measuring changes which occur through continued use.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers standard requirements for cold-rolled commercial steel sheet coils and cut lengths. The cast or heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Unspecified elements may be present. Limits on additional elements such as copper, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, and columbium shall be stated. The material shall also conform to the required bending properties.1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled commercial steel (CS) sheet in coils and cut lengths, in which the maximum of the specified carbon range is over 0.15 and not over 0.25 %, and the maximum of the specified manganese range is not over 0.90 %. This material is ordered to chemical composition.1.2 This specification is not applicable to the steels covered in Specifications A109/A109M and A1008/A1008M.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 For many cohesionless, free-draining soils, the maximum index density/unit weight is one of the key components in evaluating the state of compactness of a given soil mass that is either naturally occurring or placed during construction.5.1.1 Relative density and percent compaction are commonly used for evaluating the state of compactness of a given soil mass. Density/unit weight index is also sometimes used. See Section 3 for descriptions of terms.5.2 It is generally recognized that either relative density or percent compaction is a good indicator of the state of compactness of a given soil mass. However, the engineering properties, such as strength, compressibility, and permeability of a given soil, compacted by various methods to a given state of compactness can vary considerably. Therefore, considerable engineering judgment must be used in relating the engineering properties of soil to the state of compactness.5.3 An absolute maximum density/unit weight is not necessarily obtained by these test methods.NOTE 2: In addition, there are published data to indicate that these test methods have a high degree of variability.4 However, the variability can be greatly reduced by careful calibration of equipment, including the vibrating table, and careful attention to proper test procedure and technique.NOTE 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740, generally, are considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.4 The double amplitude of vertical vibration has been found to have a significant effect on the density obtained.4 For a particular vibrating table and mold assembly, the maximum index density/unit weight of a given material may be obtained at a double amplitude of vibration other than the double amplitude of 0.013 ± 0.002 in. (0.33 ± 0.05 mm) at a frequency of 60 Hz or 0.019 ± 0.003 in. (0.48 ± 0.08 mm) at 50 Hz required in this method; that is, dry density/unit weight may initially increase with increasing double amplitude of vibration, reach a peak, and then decrease with further increases in double amplitude of vibration. Furthermore, the relationship between the peak density/unit weight and optimum double amplitude of vibration (double amplitude of vibration where peak density/unit weight occurrs) can vary with various soil types and gradations.5.5 The use of the standard molds (6.1.1) has been found to be satisfactory for most soils requiring maximum index-density/unit weight testing. Special molds (6.1.2) shall only be used when the test results are to be applied in conjunction with design or special studies and there is not enough soil to use the standard molds. Such test results should be applied with caution as maximum index densities/unit weights obtained with the special molds may not agree with those that would be obtained using the standard molds.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the maximum-index dry density/unit weight of cohesionless, free-draining soils using a vertically vibrating table. The adjective “dry before density or unit weight is omitted in the title and remaining portions of this standard to be consistent with the applicable definition given in Section 3 on Terminology.1.2 Systems of Units: 1.2.1 The testing apparatus described in this standard has been developed and manufactured using values in the gravimetric or inch-pound system. Therefore, test apparatus dimensions and mass given in inch-pound units are regarded as the standard.1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, balances or scales measure mass; and weight must be calculated. In the inch-pound system, it is common to assume that 1 lbf is equal to 1 lbm. While reporting density is not regarded as nonconformance with this standard, unit weights should be calculated and reported since the results may be used to determine force or stress.1.2.3 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume whereas unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.3 Four alternative methods are provided to determine the maximum index density/unit weight, as follows:1.3.1 Method 1A—Using oven-dried soil and an electromagnetic, vertically vibrating table.1.3.2 Method 1B—Using wet soil and an electromagnetic, vertically vibrating table.1.3.3 Method 2A—Using oven-dried soil and an eccentric or cam-driven, vertically vibrating table.1.3.4 Method 2B—Using wet soil and an eccentric or cam-driven vertically vibrating table.1.4 The method to be used should be specified by the individual assigning the test.1.4.1 The type of table to be used (Method 1 or 2) is likely to be decided based upon available equipment.NOTE 1: There is evidence to show that electromagnetic tables yield slightly higher values of maximum index density/unit weight than the eccentric or cam-driven tables.1.4.2 It is recommended that both the dry and wet methods (Methods 1A and 1B or 2A and 2B) be performed when beginning a new job or encountering a change in soil types, as the wet method can yield significantly higher values of maximum index density/unit weight for some soils. Such a higher maximum index density, when considered along with the minimum index density/unit weight, Test Methods D4254, will be found to significantly affect the value of the relative density (3.2.8) calculated for a soil encountered in the field. While the dry method is often preferred because results can usually be obtained more quickly, as a general rule the wet method should be used if it is established that it produces maximum index densities/unit weights that would significantly affect the use/application of the value of relative density.1.5 These test methods are applicable to soils that may contain up to 15 %, by dry mass, of soil particles passing a No. 200 (75-μm) sieve, provided they still have cohesionless, free-draining characteristics (nominal sieve dimensions are in accordance with Specification E11). Further, these test methods are applicable to soils in which 100 %, by dry mass, of soil particles pass a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve.1.5.1 Soils, for the purpose of these test methods, shall be regarded as naturally occurring cohesionless soils, processed particles, or composites or mixtures of natural soils, or mixtures of natural and processed particles, provided they are free draining.1.6 These test methods will typically produce a higher maximum dry density/unit weight for cohesionless, free-draining soils than that obtained by impact compaction in which a well-defined moisture-density relationship is not apparent. However, for some soils containing between 5 and 15 % fines, the use of impact compaction (Test Methods D698 or D1557) may be useful in evaluating what is an appropriate maximum index density/unit weight.1.7 These test methods will typically produce a lower maximum dry density/unit weight than that obtained by vibrating hammer using Test Method D7382.1.8 For many types of free-draining, cohesionless soils, these test methods cause a moderate amount of degradation (particle breakdown) of the soil. When degradation occurs, typically there is an increase in the maximum index density/unit weight obtained, and comparable test results may not be obtained when different size molds are used to test a given soil.1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.9.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) to specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.9.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Cold-rolled carbon strip specified to temper numbers shall conform to the Rockwell hardness requirements. Bend tests shall be conducted in accordance with requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers cold-rolled carbon steel strip in cut lengths or coils, furnished to closer tolerances than cold-rolled carbon steel sheet, with specific temper, with specific edge or specific finish, and in sizes as follows:Width, in. Thickness, in.   Over 1/2 to 2315/16  0.300 and underOver 12.5 to 600 mm 7.6 mm and under1.2 Cold-rolled strip is produced with a maximum specified carbon not exceeding 0.25 percent.1.3 Strip tolerance products may be available in widths wider than 2315/16 in. [600 mm] by agreement between purchaser and supplier. However, such products are technically classified as cold rolled sheet. The tolerances, finishes, tempers, edges, and available widths and thicknesses differentiate cold rolled strip from the product known as cold rolled sheet which is defined by Specification A568/A568M and from cold rolled high carbon strip which is defined by Specification A682/A682M.1.4 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, values shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the right hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting values in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.1.5 The SI portions of the tables contained herein list permissible variations in dimensions and mass (see Note 1) in SI (metric) units. The values listed are not exact conversions of the values listed in the inch-pound tables, but instead are rounded or rationalized values. Conformance to SI tolerances is mandatory when the “M” specification is used.NOTE 1: The term weight is used when inch-pound units are the standard. However, under SI the preferred term is mass.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification provides the minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, rating, marking, and testing of all cast pipe line strainers, and welded pipe line strainers used in services up to 150 psig and 150°F (1 MPa and 65°C) that are acceptable for use in marine environments. The strainers may be classified into three general construction categories, namely, simplex, duplex (or multiplex), and automatic (self-cleaning). They may also be further classified according to pressure ratings and types of port connections, port alignments relative to unit center lines, cover closures, valve types (in duplex), types of baskets or elements, materials of construction, and other features of design.1.1 This specification covers all cast strainers and welded strainers in services up to 150 psig and 150°F (1 MPa and 65°C). For welded strainers used in services above 150 psig and 150°F, see Specification F1200.1.2 This standard provides the minimum requirements for the design, fabrication, rating, marking, and testing of cast and welded pipe line strainers for services above 0°F (−18°C).1.3 Strainers manufactured to this specification are acceptable for use in the marine environment.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice is intended for use as a guide in evaluating the behavior of insulations at elevated temperatures, and in judging suitability for use under the conditions of an intended application. It is not intended for acceptance or certification testing on a lot basis.5.2 No single test for estimating maximum use temperature can be used that will apply to all types of insulations, nor can any single maximum use temperature be applied to any insulation that will be applicable under all possible conditions of use. Maximum use temperature depends on thickness, temperature gradient, heating rate, and other factors. When the various test methods listed herein are employed, the test results serve as guides and, as such, shall be applied with good engineering judgment in arriving at an acceptable temperature limit for the products and applications being considered.5.3 The criteria used to establish acceptable performance is provided in the material specification or as agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.5.4 In most cases, the properties covered by the applicable material standards (for example, thermal transmission, strength, and so forth) are the properties important to the end use of the product. Major changes in those properties resulting from in-service conditions often causes failure or substandard performance of the installed system.5.5 Unless removal and reuse of the insulation is an important consideration, properties that relate primarily to handling and installation shall be eliminated from the evaluation.NOTE 1: Installation assemblies: some systems create conditions that affect the performance from the data obtained in the test procedures of this practice.5.6 The listing of a test procedure in this practice does not imply that the performance of that particular procedure is required. Only those tests which are relevant to the requirements of the application involved, or which are agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller are preformed.5.7 Most of the changes that occur in the functionally important characteristics of all types of thermal insulation during service result from changes in the matrix or binder system first, followed by changes in the bulk filler materials where such fillers have been used.5.7.1 In general, these changes are temperature-dependent and the major portion of the change takes place quickly once the critical temperature has been reached.5.7.2 Typically, organic thermoplastic materials or binders will change in the 140 °F to 240 °F (60 °C to 116 °C) temperature range. Thermosetting organic materials or binders will start to deteriorate above 350 °F (177 °C). Hydrated inorganic binders such as clays, Portland and lumnite cements, gypsum, sodium silicates, oxysulfates, and oxychlorides lose varying amounts of water of crystallization at temperatures from 250 °F to 900 °F (121 °C to 482 °C) depending on the compound. Glass fibers and glass foams start to sinter around 1000 °F (538 °C). Rock or slag wools, perlite and refractory fibers occasionally show change at temperatures in excess of 1300 °F (704 °C).5.8 If, after testing specimens exposed to the maximum service temperature, additional tests are made of specimens exposed to intermediate temperatures (third or quarter points in the full service temperature range), the results of such tests, when plotted with proper curve-fit techniques, give indications of changes in product characteristics throughout the service range. These results are used to bracket the temperature range within which a change has occurred (for example, significant change in slope of curve).5.9 Some properties of thermal insulations containing trapped gases other than air change with time at different rates depending on the age, thickness, facing and boundary conditions. Elevated temperature exposure often accelerates these changes. In many cases changes in properties continue over a very long period of time. It is beyond the scope of this recommended practice to establish a minimum time period for evaluation of long-term changes.1.1 This practice covers estimation of the maximum use temperature of thermal insulation including loose fill, blanket, block, board, and preformed pipe insulation. It is based upon selected performance criteria, and characterization of product properties during and after use conditions.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers hot-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip of commercial quality, in coils and cut lengths, having a maximum carbon of 0.15%. This material is intended for parts where bending, moderate forming or drawing, and welding may be involved. 1.2 This specification is not applicable to the steel covered by Specification A635/A635M. 1.3 The values stated in either acceptable metric units (SI) or in inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers mercury-in-glass, reusable maximum self-registering clinical thermometers of the types commonly used for measuring body temperatures of humans and of animals. Clinical thermometers shall be classified as follows: basal metabolism or ovulation; multi-use with stubby bulb; oral; rectal; veterinary; and veterinary (heavy duty). The following tests shall be performed to conform to the specified requirements: retention of colorant; accuracy test; ease of resetting; temperature retention; fire cracks; and precision and bias.1.1 This specification covers mercury-in-glass, reusable maximum self-registering clinical thermometers of the types commonly used for measuring body temperatures of humans and of animals. Requirements are given for bulb and stem glasses, mercury, legibility and permanency of markings, dimensions, temperature scale ranges, and graduations, as well as for thermometer stability, ease of resetting, retention of temperature indication, and for accuracy of scale reading. Appropriate methods of testing to determine compliance are provided. Also included is a glossary of terms used in the standard and an appendix with additional information on thermometer glasses and stability.1.2 All values of temperature in this standard are with reference to the International Temperature Scale of 1990.1.3 This specification was developed to provide nationally recognized marketing classifications and quality requirements for mercury-in-glass, maximum self-registering clinical thermometers. It is also intended to provide producers, distributors, and users with a common understanding of the characteristics of this product.1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 6 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The stress limit shall be measured and calculated to meet the specified requirements.1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures.1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are:beakers Imhoff conesbottles, aspirator impingersbottles, dropping jars, batterybottles, gas washing jars, bellbottles, infusion jars, chromatographybottles, milk test jars, cylindricalbottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taperbottles, weighing manometersbulbs, absorption percolatorsbulbs, leveling pycnometersbulbs, sampling stopcocksburets tubes, centrifugecondensers tubes, chromatographycrystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity)culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition)custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adaptercylinders, graduated tubes, digestion and plain tubes, dryingdesiccators tubes, fermentationextraction tubes tubes, thistle (spray traps)flasks vapor trapsfritted ware viscometersfunnels watch glassesgenerators, Kipp  grinder, tissue  1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress.1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车