3.1 This practice is applicable to ferrous and nonferrous metals; also organic and inorganic coatings. The variations described herein are useful when a different or more corrosive environment than the salt fog described in Practice B117 is desired.1.1 This practice covers and sets forth conditions for five modifications in salt spray (fog) testing for specification purposes. These are in chronological order of their development:1.1.1 Annex A1,  acetic acid-salt spray test, continuous.1.1.2 Annex A2,  cyclic acidified salt spray test.1.1.3 Annex A3,  seawater acidified test, cyclic (SWAAT).1.1.4 Annex A4,  SO2 salt spray test, cyclic.1.1.5 Annex A5,  dilute electrolyte cyclic fog dry test.1.2 This practice does not prescribe the type of modification, test specimen or exposure periods to be used for a specific product, nor the interpretation to be given to the results.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers Trinidad lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements. The blended Trinidad lake modified asphalt shall be homogeneous as determined by appropriate sampling and testing. The penetration, flash point, thin-film oven, solubility in trichloroethylene, and ductility of the material shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The inorganic material (ash), quantitative extraction of bitumen from bituminous paving mixtures, recovery of asphalt from solution by Abson method, and kinematic viscosity of asphalt shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers Trinidad Lake modified asphalt for use in the construction of pavements.1.2 This specification covers the following penetration grades:40–5560–7580–100120–1501.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method, for the determination of protein levels in latex, is primarily intended to test NR, latex, and elastomeric materials for residual protein content. It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 This test method covers an analytical test for determining the amount of total aqueous extractable protein associated with NR, latex, and elastomeric products. Water soluble proteins are extracted in a buffer solution and then precipitated to concentrate them and also to separate them from water soluble substances that may interfere with the determination. The extracted protein is redissolved and quantified colorimetrically by the modified Lowry method using a protein standard.1.2 For the purpose of this test method, the range of protein measurement will be based on the limit of detection and quantitation and recorded in micrograms per dm2 test specimen.1.3 The test method is designed to be accurate and compatible with the industrial environment.1.4 Steps are included in this test method to minimize the effects of interfering substances.1.5 It is recognized that other methods for the analysis of leachable proteins exist and these may be used for routine quality control purposes provided they have been validated and a correlation established against the reference method specified by this test method.1.6 This test method has not been validated for use with lubricated products such as condoms. Condoms with different lubricants as typically marketed, have not been tested in an ASTM ILS to determine if, and if so to what degree, the lubricant interferes with the assay.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Assumptions: 5.1.1 Well discharges at a constant rate, Q.5.1.2 Well is of infinitesimal diameter and fully penetrates the aquifer, that is, the well is open to the full thickness of the aquifer.5.1.3 The nonleaky aquifer is homogeneous, isotropic, and areally extensive. A nonleaky aquifer receives insignificant contribution of water from confining beds.5.1.4 Discharge from the well is derived exclusively from storage in the aquifer.5.1.5 The geometry of the assumed aquifer and well conditions are shown in Fig. 1.5.2.3 Application of Theis Nonequilibrium Method to Unconfined Aquifers: 5.2.3.1 Although the assumptions are applicable to confined conditions, the Theis solution may be applied to unconfined aquifers if drawdown is small compared with the saturated thickness of the aquifer or if the drawdown is corrected for reduction in thickness of the aquifer and the effects of delayed gravity yield are small.5.2.3.2 Reduction in Aquifer Thickness—In an unconfined aquifer, dewatering occurs when the water levels decline in the vicinity of a pumping well. Corrections in drawdown need to be made when the drawdown is a significant fraction of the aquifer thickness as shown by Jacob (8). The drawdown, s, needs to be replaced by s′, the drawdown that would occur in an equivalent confined aquifer, where:5.2.3.3 Gravity Yield Effects—In unconfined aquifers, delayed gravity yield effects may invalidate measurements of drawdown during the early part of the test for application to the Theis method. Effects of delayed gravity yield are negligible in partially penetrating observation wells at a distance, r, from the control well, where:after the time, t, as given in the following equation from Neuman (9):where:Sy   =   the specific yield.For fully penetrating observation wells, the effects of delayed yield are negligible at the distance, r, in Eq 11 after one tenth of the time given in the Eq 12.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.NOTE 3: The injection of water into an aquifer may be regulated or require regulatory approvals. Withdrawal of contaminated waters may require that the removed water be properly treated prior to discharge.1.1 This practice covers an analytical procedure for determining transmissivity and storage coefficient of a nonleaky confined aquifer under conditions of radial flow to a fully penetrating well of constant flux. This practice is a shortcut procedure used to apply the Theis nonequilibrium method. The Theis method is described in Practice D4106.1.2 This practice, along with others, is used in conjunction with the field procedure given in Test Method D4050.1.3 Limitations—The limitations of this practice are primarily related to the correspondence between the field situation and the simplifying assumptions of this practice (see 5.1). Furthermore, application is valid only for values of u less than 0.01 (u is defined in Eq 2, in 8.6).1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI Units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this practice.1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers prefabricated modified bituminous sheet materials with glass fiber reinforcement, which use atactic polypropylene (APP) as the primary modifier and which are intended for use as a base sheet in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes. The high temperature stability and low temperature unrolling shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers prefabricated modified bituminous sheet materials with glass fiber reinforcement, which use atactic polypropylene (APP) as the primary modifier and which are intended for use as a base sheet in the fabrication of multiple ply roofing and waterproofing membranes.1.2 This is a material specification only. Issues regarding the suitability of specific roof constructions or application techniques are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The specified tests and property limits used to characterize the sheet materials covered by this specification are intended to establish minimum properties. In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field strength, impact/puncture resistance, material compatibility, uplift resistance, the need for field applied coatings, and others, are factors beyond the scope of this material specification.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide outlines general procedures for the storage and application of various prefabricated sheets made using modified bituminous materials and intended for use as below-grade and below-wearing-surface waterproofing.4.2 The substrate used for applications described in this guide shall be concrete or masonry.4.3 This application consists of a prefabricated reinforced modified bituminous sheet applied to a suitable substrate using a bituminous-based, cold-applied adhesive or mastic. Application rates given are typical for such installations.4.4 This guide is intended to supplement instructions from designers and manufacturers.1.1 This guide lists application and installation requirements for fully adhered, cold-applied, prefabricated modified bituminous membrane waterproofing systems for below-grade or below-wearing-surface (such as plaza decks) vertical or horizontal applications.1.2 For the purposes of this application guide, the substrate is assumed to be structurally sound, sloped to drain (if new construction), and meeting the local building code requirements. Similarly, the system components are assumed to comply with all federal, state, and local requirements in effect at the time of installation.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This guide may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method may be used to determine the total nitrogen content of certain unknown organic samples, or to assay known nitrogen containing organic compounds.4.2 This test method may be used on organic materials in which the complete conversion of nitrogen to ammonium sulfate can be accomplished by digestion in a mixture of sulfuric acid, potassium sulfate, and mercuric oxide. It cannot be used on materials containing N–O, N–N linkages.4.3 This test method assumes that ammonia can be quantitatively measured by distillation from an alkaline solution into a measured volume of standard acid.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total nitrogen in nitrogen-containing organic compounds. This test method is not applicable for use on materials containing N-O, N-N linkages.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: Another method of restricted application is given in Test Method D1013.

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5.1 The concentration of nitrogen is a measure of the presence of nitrogen-containing additives. Knowledge of its concentration can be used to predict performance.1.1 This test method covers the determination of nitrogen in lubricating oils when present in the concentration from 0.03 % to 0.10 % by mass, and for the determination of nitrogen in fuel oils when present in the concentration from 0.015 % to 2.0 % by mass. This test method is also applicable to the analysis of additive concentrates and additive packages.NOTE 1: This test method may not be applicable to certain materials containing N–O or N–N linkage. However, the samples used in the cooperative program to establish the precision of the test method were compounded with currently available ashless additives containing nitrogen. Complete recovery of the nitrogen present in these additives was obtained.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.6, 7.9, and 9.8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is used to determine the dimensional changes and physical stability of the product upon exposure to specified cyclic thermal conditions. It is also useful in determining the integrity of the bond between the metal foil and the SBS-modified bituminous compound.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of movement due to cyclic thermal exposure of SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene)-modified bituminous sheets with a factory-applied metal foil surface.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice shall only be used on soils having infiltration rates ranging from 2.5 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 6.9 × 10-7 m/s) to 15000 mm/h (field hydraulic conductivity of 4.0 × 10-3 m/s).5.2 This practice is useful for field measurement of the infiltration rate and calculation of field hydraulic conductivity of soils. It was initially developed for stormwater treatment applications, and has been used to design, verify the construction of, and perform annual testing on surface drainage applications such as rain gardens or storm water collection systems (1). Other suitable applications include evaluation of potential septic-tank disposal fields (ASTM D5879 and D5921), leaching and drainage efficiencies, irrigation requirements, erosion potential, forestry, agriculture, and water spreading and recharge, among other applications. This test is not intended for use in hydraulic barriers/seals such as landfill liners, nuclear waste repositories, or the core of a dam. This test is also not intended for use in soils that experience changes in volume during infiltration, such as collapsible or expansive soils.5.3 Field hydraulic conductivity can only be calculated when the hydraulic boundary conditions are known, such as hydraulic gradient and the extent of lateral flow of water, or these can be reliably estimated.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.4 A mathematical analysis has been developed for this test that follows the Green-Ampt analysis that assumes a relationship between the volumetric water content and the depth of the wetting front, in that volumetric water content profile at the wetting front is represented by a sharp transition between the initial value in the ground and that of saturated soil, that is, the porosity (1), (2).5.5 Many factors affect the infiltration rate, for example the soil structure, soil layering, condition of the soil surface, degree of saturation of the soil, chemical and physical nature of the soil and of the applied liquid, head of the applied liquid, temperature of the liquid, and diameter and depth of embedment of rings. Thus, tests made at the same site are not likely to give identical results and the rate measured by the practice described in this standard is primarily for comparative use.1.1 This practice describes a procedure for field measurement of the infiltration rate of liquid (typically water) into soils using the modified Philip Dunne (MPD) infiltrometer. The data from the field measurement is then used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. Soils should be regarded as natural occurring fine or coarse-grained soils or processed materials or mixtures of natural soils and processed materials, or other porous materials, and which are basically insoluble and are in accordance with requirements of 5.1.1.2 This practice may be conducted at the ground surface or at given depths in pits, on bare soil or with vegetation in place, depending on the conditions for which infiltration rates are desired. However, this practice cannot be conducted where the test surface is at or below the groundwater table, a perched water table, or the capillary fringe.1.3 This practice is for soils within a range of infiltration rate range defined in 5.1, as long as an adequate seal can be made between the MPD Infiltrometer base and the soil being tested. In highly permeable soils, readings can be taken at shorter intervals, to ensure that enough data are collected to determine the infiltration rate.1.4 The field measurement is a falling head test that can be performed relatively quickly (30 to 60 minutes) in silty sand or clayey sand soils suitable for stormwater infiltration practices. It is suitable for testing several locations across a site, to characterize the spatial variability of the infiltration rate throughout the site.1.5 The field measurement can be used to measure the infiltration rate, which can be used to calculate the field hydraulic conductivity. The field hydraulic conductivity can be used as an index to compare the suitability of soils for use in the development of surface drainage applications (for example, rain gardens or stormwater fills).1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are to be included in this standard.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.8 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method measures the rate of thermal transport between a heating element and a fabric specimen. Some of the comfort properties of a garment relate to initial thermal sensations (that is, cold or warm feeling upon initial contact), where lower thermal effusivity values indicate sensations of warmth and higher values indicate sensations of coolness. The thermal effusivity of different fabrics and their initial perceived surface temperature are important to assist product developers with fabric selection.5.2 The sensor and the test specimen being measured shall be at the same temperature for measurements at standard conditions. This test method may be applied to any fabric with a thermal effusivity in the range of 35 to 1700 Ws1/2/m2·K.5.3 Air flow shall be kept at a minimum to ensure temperature fluctuations do not occur during the measurement.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement of thermal effusivity of woven, knitted, or non-woven fabrics using a guarded modified transient plane source (MTPS) instrument.4 This test method is applicable to a wide range of thicknesses; however, the thickness of the specimen must be greater than the penetration depth of the heat flux during the measurement time.1.2 This test method is comparative since specimens of known thermal effusivity are used to calibrate the apparatus at the factory level. Thermal effusivity of the calibration specimens are confirmed through calculations that use established properties of thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat.1.3 This test method is intended for measuring fabrics in a dry state at ambient conditions.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides data on classifying polymer-modified bituminous membranes by their performance related to the fatigue conditions to which they are subjected.5.2 This test method is applicable to testing specimens consisting of a single ply of the polymer-modified bitumen material or a multiple-ply composite that includes the polymer-modified bitumen material.5.3 This test method is conducted on both unaged and heat-aged specimens to determine the effect of heat exposure on the membrane material's ability to resist deterioration from cyclic strain. This test method may also be conducted on specimens subjected to other laboratory exposure conditions that are not specified herein.1.1 This test method determines the effect of constant cyclic displacement on polymer-modified bituminous membrane specimens. In this test method, a relatively low travel rate of cycling is used and the material is tested for a specified number of cycles under conditions of increased amplitude or lower temperature.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers modified high-strength alloy steel forgings and rolled and forged bar commonly used in oil and gas pressure vessels and oilfield equipment. Oil and gas product specifications for which this material is intended include, but are not limited to, the following: specification for wellhead and Christmas tree equipment and errata, recommended practice for repair and remanufacture of wellhead and Christmas tree equipment, specification for drill-through equipment, specification for marine drilling riser couplings, specification for subsea wellhead and tree equipment and errata, and specification for drilling and production hoisting equipment.This specification covers requirements for melting, hot working, heat treatment, chemical composition, mechanical properties and testing, rework and retreatment, inspection, certification, product marking, and workmanship, finish, and appearance, as well as metallurgical requirements and nondestructive examination (NDE) requirements.1.1 This specification covers modified high-strength alloy steel forgings and rolled and forged bar for oil and gas pressure vessels and oilfield equipment. See Appendix X1. Oil and gas product specifications for which this material is intended include, but are not limited to, the following:1.1.1 API 6A Specification for Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment and Errata,1.1.2 API RP 6AR Recommended Practice for Repair and Remanufacture of Wellhead and Christmas Tree Equipment,1.1.3 API 16A Specification for Drill-Through Equipment,1.1.4 API 16R Specification for Marine Drilling Riser Couplings,1.1.5 API 17D Specification for Subsea Wellhead and Tree Equipment and Errata,1.1.6 API 8C Specification for Drilling and Production Hoisting Equipment.1.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 In the case of conflict between a requirement of this specification and a requirement of referenced general specifications, this specification takes precedence. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order or contract, the purchase order or contract take precedence. The purchase order or contract requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification, for example, by the waiving of a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent. In the case of conflict in terminology between API standards and Terminology A941, Terminology A941 definitions shall be applied.1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification, which covers polystyrene materials, both crystal and rubber modified suitable for molding and extrusion, is intended to be a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. Polystyrene materials are classified according to classes after being grouped as crystal, rubber modified, and others. The materials are further classified according to grades after being grouped as general-purpose, other medium impact, high impact, super-high-impact, and others. The materials shall conform to the prescribed injection molded properties and natural colors.1.1 This classification system covers polystyrene materials, both crystal and rubber modified, suitable for molding and extrusion.1.2 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to be a means of calling out plastic materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastics field after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this specification, and the economics.1.3 The properties included in this specification are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be specified using the suffixes as given in Section 5.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: This standard combines elements from ISO 1622-1-2 and ISO 2897-1-2, but is not equivalent to either ISO standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice outlines general procedures and precautions for the application of self-adhering modified bitumen waterproofing systems used in new installations.This practice is not all-inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from designers.1.1 This practice covers the minimum installation recommendations for self-adhering modified bitumen sheets used in waterproofing.1.2 For the purpose of this application practice, the substrate is assumed to be structurally sound, sloped to drain, able to accept the weight of the membrane and other system materials, and meets the local building code requirements. Similarly, all components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations, which may be in affect at the time of installation. Additional plies of membrane, expansion joints, insulation and drainage layers are beyond the scope of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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