1.1 This specification covers cable in conduit (CIC), which is a smooth-walled, coilable, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) conduit (duct) that contains preassembled wires and cables. The outside diameter of the conduit is controlled and the wire or cable encased within may be comprised of single or multiple configurations consisting of electrical/power wires or cables, fiber optic, traditional copper communication, coaxial cable, or any combination thereof. CIC configurations are preassembled into the conduit during the extrusion process and in industry-specific designs for use in commercial, industrial, transportation, government, and utility applications1.2 This specification does not attempt to identify every possible preassembled conduit/cable configuration but is intended to identify material and minimum assembled product properties for optimizing reliability and service life.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: UL 1990 and CSA C22.2 No.327 have a similar scope to D3485; however, there are differences in scope and requirements.NOTE 2: End users may elect to field install single or multiple wire or cable configurations into field-installed conduit. In the case where polyethylene conduit is to have the wire or cable configurations field installed, then the more appropriate specifications to select for establishing the conduit’s material, dimensional, workmanship, and property tests would be Specification F2160, UL 651A, CSA C22.2 No.327 or NEMA TC-7.NOTE 3: Whenever two sets of values are presented, in different units, the imperial units are the standard, while those in the parentheses (metric units) are provided for informational purposes.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is to provide guidance for designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of conduits. Modifications may be required depending on specific job conditions to establish a project specification. The manufacturer of the product should be consulted for design and installation information.1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the installation of deformed polyethylene (PE) liner for pipeline rehabilitation.1.2 This practice describes a method by which the PE liner may be installed with little or no excavation.1.3 This practice applies to the rehabilitation of 3 to 18 in. (76 to 457 mm) diameter pipe in terms of installation. The specifier determines what DR is used based on conditions of the specific application.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers polyethylene (PE 4710) electrofusion fittings for use with outside diameter-controlled crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) pipe, covered by Specifications F2788/F2788M, F2905/F2905M and F2968/F2968M. As stated in these PEX pipe standards, the PEX pipes joined to these PE 4710 electrofusion fittings have an HDB of 1250 psi or 1600 psi at 73 °F (23 °C) per Test Method D2837. Requirements for all metric-sized and inch-sized fittings for use with PEX pipe, made in accordance to these three pipe standards, are specified in Specification F2829/F2829M.1.2 The maximum allowable operating temperature of electrofusion fittings made in accordance with this standard is limited to the highest temperature at which the HDB of the PE 4710 has been determined. When joined to PEX pipe having a higher temperature HDB, the maximum use temperature for the PE/PEX joint is limited to the elevated temperature HDB rating of the PE material in the fittingNOTE 1: PEX and PE 4710 materials can have different elevated temperature ratings, and when joined together, the lower maximum elevated temperature rating will limit the maximum operating temperature. Per Table 1, the required PE 4710 material must have an HDB at 140 °F (60 °C), but may have an HDB at 180 °F (82 °C). PEX pipes generally have HDB ratings at 180 °F (82 °C) or 200 °F (93 °C) or both. When joined to PEX pipe, PE 4710 electrofusion fittings made in accordance with this standard may limit the maximum operating temperature to 140 °F (60 °C) where the PE 4710 material used does not have an optional higher temperature HDB rating.1.3 Requirements for materials, workmanship, and qualification testing performance are included. The PE electrofusion fitting manufacturer shall assure that fittings produced in accordance with this specification comply with all the requirements of this specification. If a PEX pipe manufacturer deems that their pipe is suitable for joining to polyethylene (PE) electrofusion fittings, the PEX pipe manufacturer shall qualify their PEX pipe by testing joints made with these PE electrofusion fittings, and assuring that the joints meet the performance requirements of this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the pipe being tested and at the time of testing.1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installed non-perforated, gasketed corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and corrugated polypropylene (PP) pipelines using either water infiltration or exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity via the level of leakage of the installed materials, construction procedures and installation qualityvia the level of leakage. Pipe to be tested under this practice shall include corrugated HDPE and PP drainage pipe meeting the requirements of Specifications F2306/F2306M, F2763, F2764/F2764M, F2881/F2881M and F2947/F2947M.NOTE 1: The performance criteria specified in this standard may be used for other plastic pipe products. The engineer, however, must assess if the testing procedures are adequate for the particular material and installation being considered.NOTE 2: The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 600 mm (24 in.) diameter or larger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after all connections and service laterals have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressures. The time between completion of the backfill operations and testing shall be specified by the approving authority.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact resistance of PEX pipe and tubing for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial applications. Requirements cover workmanship, pipe and tubing dimensions and tolerances, chemical resistance, sustained pressure, elevated temperature, thermal stability, slow crack growth resistance, minimum hydrostatic burst pressure/apparent tensile strength (quick burst), apparent tensile strength at yield, squeeze-off, thermal stability, slow crack growth resistance, and joints.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact resistance of PEX pipe and tubing for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial applications.1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification establishes requirements for the qualification of mechanical couplings of particular range of sizes that connect to particular types of polyethylene conduit, duct and innerduct. The couplings covered by this specification are typically designed to join between conduit ends (in-line coupling). The same coupling-to-conduit joint design may be used as a part of other coupling joint designs that telescope, or connect to bulkheads, or other adapter fitting designs. The requirements of this standard apply only to the coupling-to-conduit joint design. The performance requirements of other coupling joint designs are not a part of this standard. The couplings shall conform to the specified pressure and tensile strength requirements.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for material, performance, workmanship and test methods for the qualification of 2 in. and smaller mechanical couplings that connect to SDR 13.5, DR 15.5, Schedule 40 and Schedule 80 polyethylene conduit, duct and innerduct covered by Specification F2160. Throughout this standard, “conduit” refers to “conduit, duct or innerduct” manufactured in accordance with Specification F2160.NOTE 1: F2176 fittings are not applicable to True-sized and ID-controlled conduit per F2160.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The couplings covered by this specification are typically designed to join between conduit ends (in-line coupling). The same coupling-to-conduit joint design may be used as a part of other coupling joint designs that telescope, or connect to bulkheads, or other adapter fitting designs. The requirements of this standard apply only to the coupling-to-conduit joint design. The performance requirements of other coupling joint designs are not a part of this standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9 of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers outside diameter controlled crosslinkable polyethylene (CX-PE) pipe produced in sizes DN 25 to 630 and NPS 1 to 24 in various dimension ratios. Included in this specification are requirements and test methods for the determination of the long-term hydrostatic strength, hydrostatic burst pressure, hydrostatic sustained pressure, UV weathering resistance, initial and ultimate degree of crosslinking, workmanship, and marking.1.2 This specification shall not be applied to crosslinked products, specifically PEX pipe or tubing.NOTE 1: CX-PE is a different designation separate from conventional PEX materials, specifically with regard to the crosslinking rate, installation, and commissioning processes.1.3 The pipe covered by this specification is intended for pressure and non-pressure applications. Fluids such as non-potable water, multi-phase mixed fluids, crude oils, gases, and chemical solutions containing some water are allowed to be transported in pipe made in accordance with this standard. Permissible operating temperatures for commissioned piping systems constructed from CX-PE pipe manufactured in accordance with this specification are ≤ 200 °F [93 °C].1.4 Pipe produced in accordance with this specification is intended to be crosslinked during or after installation. The procedures and practices to be used for the installation and crosslinking of the CX-PE pipe are outside the scope of this specification. Manufacturer’s recommendations for the commissioning of CX-PE pipe are used to ensure that the performance of the completed piping system meets design expectations.NOTE 2: The difference between pipes made in accordance with this specification and PEX pipes made in accordance with Specification F2905 is that the final crosslinking process is completed as part of installation and commissioning as opposed to crosslinking taking place in the manufacturing facility.1.5 This specification includes requirements to demonstrate a minimum level of performance in service.1.6 Joining of CX-PE pipes made in accordance with this specification is outside the scope of this specification. For guidance on the joining of CX-PE pipe consult Practice F3507 and manufacturer’s recommendations.1.7 This specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes, which provide non-mandatory explanatory material. Excluding table footnotes which are mandatory, notes, footnotes and information in parentheses shall not be considered as requirements of this specification.1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers flexible chlorinated polyethylene sheeting for use in concealed water-containment membranes in applications susceptible to costly secondary damage from leakage and which require very long term reliable performance, for example, fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, and tile tubs. However, this specification does not cover water-containment membranes for use in applications involving exposure to ultraviolet light or direct sunlight. The sheeting shall be manufactured from a compound containing chlorinated polyethylene resin, with the resin being substantially amorphous and made from linear polyethylene. Recycled materials may be used, but must conform to the requirements specified, while the use of water-soluble materials shall be prohibited. Further, the sheeting shall be homogeneous, monolithic, and free of pinholes, particles of foreign matter, undispersed raw materials, blisters, coaters, pimples, pits, crazing, and thin spots, with the sheet edges being straight, parallel, and free of trim material. Tests for tensile strength, tensile stress at elongation, ultimate elongation, tear resistance, volatile loss, microorganism resistance, low-temperature flexibility, chemical resistance, hydrostatic pressure resistance, puncture resistance, bonded seam strength, thickness, pinholes, and shrinkage shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers flexible chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating for construction of concealed water-containment membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage from leakage, and where very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, and similar installations where the membrane is inaccessible once construction is complete. Included are requirements for composition, strength and toughness, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.1.2 Manufacturers have the option to use recycled materials in this product. Recycled materials must be in accordance with the requirements in Section 4.1.3 The test methods used to characterize the sheeting are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not necessarily adequate for design purposes. Test methods have been selected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environments to which the membrane will be subjected during actual installation and use.1.4 This specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed in use to ultraviolet light or direct sunlight.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 14, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements for polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for normal residential and commercial roof drain systems. Material for pipe or fitting shall be made from PE virgin plastic as defined by hydrostatic design stresses and shall contain suitable stabilizers and antioxidants. Pipe and fitting requirements include pipe dimensions, fitting dimensions, chemical resistance, water absorption, system integrity, sealing rings, flattening, impact resistance, workmanship, finish, and appearance. Test methods include test conditions, chemical resistance, water absorption, hydrostatic pressure test, mechanical-joint pullout test, threads, flattening, and impact resistance. Quality and product marking shall also conform to the requirements of this specification.1.1 This specification covers requirements for polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings for nonpressure roof drain systems.1.2 This specification covers pipe and fittings intended for normal residential and commercial uses and is not intended for use in unusual corrosive conditions.NOTE 1: Before installing pipe for waste disposal use, the approval of the cognizant building code authority shall be obtained as conditions not found in normal use or temperatures approaching 140 °F (60 °C) may be encountered.1.3 Pipe is produced in dimensions based on outside diameters of 32 mm (1.250 in.) and larger in accordance with Specification F714.1.4 The interchangeability of pipe and fittings made by different manufacturers is not addressed in this specification. Transition fittings for joining pipe and fittings of different manufacturers is provided for in this specification.1.5 Pipe and fittings are joined by the heat-fusion method, by the electrofusion method, or by using mechanical joints (excluding insert fittings) recommended by the manufacturer.1.6 In referee decisions, the SI units shall be used for metric-sized pipe and inch-pound units for pipe sized in the IPS system (ANSI B36.10). In all cases, the values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification includes requirements, test methods, and materials for a polyethylene (PE) corrugated pipe with a smooth interior. The pipe consists of an outer corrugated wall connected to a smooth inner wall. Joints and fittings are included in this specification. 1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use in nonpressure applications such as sewers, conduit, and land drainage. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) for general use and packaging applications. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers. The low-density polyethylene film shall be classified by Types 1, 2, and 3; Surfaces 1, 2, and 3; Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4; and Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4. The film shall be made from an ethylene homopolymer, ethylene copolymers, or blends of homopolymers or copolymers, or homopolymer and copolymer, so that it meets the density and other film requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to conform to the specified properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: conditioning; test conditions; thickness; yield; flatness; density; coefficient of friction; clarity; haze; wetting tension; impact resistance; tensile properties; heat sealability; and odor.1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) with densities ranging from 0.910-0.925 g/cm3 per Specification D4976.NOTE 1: The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a molded plaque from the same resin.NOTE 2: Blends of ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm3.1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made from polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 101.6 μm or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or layflat is 3.30 m (130 in.).1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all of the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are also met. (See Note 3.)NOTE 3: Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However, Sections 2 – 5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1 – 1.4.1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the classification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method is included.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, ring stiffness, flattening, joint systems, and a form of marking for polyethylene (PE) pipe of profile wall construction and with bell and spigot, heat fusion, extrusion welded or electrofusion joints for use in gravity flow applications, such as for sewers and drains. The PE profile wall pipe products cover six standard ring stiffness constant (RSC) classifications, namely 40, 63, 100, and 160, 250 and 400. These are referred to as RSC 40, RSC 63, RSC 100, RSC 160, RSC 250 and RSC 400. Referee testing, ring stiffness constant testing, flattening test, and joint tightness test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for materials, dimensions, workmanship, ring stiffness, flattening, joint systems, and a form of marking for large diameter, 10 to 132 in. (250 to 3355 mm), inside diameter based polyethylene (PE) pipe of profile wall construction and with bell and spigot, heat fusion, extrusion welded or elctrofusion joints for use in gravity flow applications, such as for sewers and drains.NOTE 1: Pipe produced to this specification should be installed in accordance with Practice D2321 and with the manufacturer's recommendations.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers thermoplastic chlorinated polyethylene (CM) compounds suitable for use as an outer covering or jacket on electrical cables. Thermoplastic jackets shall conform to the requirements for physical properties specified. The sunlight and weather resistance of the jackets shall be tested to meet the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers thermoplastic chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) compounds suitable for use as an outer covering or jacket on electrical cables.1.2 These jacket materials are suitable for use on cables which will be installed at temperatures above –35 °C.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

Miniature specimen testing techniques are used to characterize the mechanical behavior of UHMWPE stock materials and surgical implants after manufacture, sterilization, shelf aging, radiation crosslinking, thermal treatment, and implantation (1). Furthermore, experimental UHMWPE materials can be evaluated after accelerated aging and hip or knee wear simulation. Consequently, the small punch test makes it possible to examine relationships between wear performance and mechanical behavior of UHMWPE. This test method can also be used to rank the mechanical behavior of UHMWPE relative to a reference control material (such as the NIST Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Reference Material #8456).Small punch testing results may vary with specimen preparation and with the speed and environment of testing. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.1.1 This test method covers the determination of mechanical behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) by small punch testing of miniature disk specimens (0.5 mm in thickness and 6.4 mm in diameter). The test method has been established for characterizing UHMWPE surgical materials after ram extrusion or compression molding (1,2) ; for evaluating as-manufactured implants after radiation crosslinking and sterilization (3,4); as well as for testing of implants that have been retrieved (explanted) from the human body (5,6).1.2 The parameters of the small punch test, namely the peak load, ultimate displacement, ultimate load, and work to failure, provide metrics of the yielding, ultimate strength, ductility, and toughness of UHMWPE under multiaxial loading conditions. Because the mechanical behavior of UHMWPE is different when loaded under uniaxial and multiaxial loading conditions (3), the small punch test provides a complementary mechanical testing technique to the uniaxial tensile testing specified for medical grade UHMWPE by Specification F 648.1.3 In addition to its use as a research tool in implant retrieval analysis, the small punch test can be used as a laboratory screening test to evaluate new UHMWPE materials, such as those created by gamma or electron beam irradiation (1). The test method is also well suited for characterization of UHMWPE before and after accelerated aging (for example, Guide F 2003), and in that regard it can provide ranking of the mechanical degradation of different UHMWPE samples after oxidative degradation (4,7).1.4 The small punch test has been applied to other polymers, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, polyacetal, and high density polyethylene (HDPE) (8,9). However, the small punch testing of polymers other than UHMWPE is beyond the scope of this standard.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The units in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and marking requirements for metric- and inch-sized fittings for use with Specification F2788/F2788M, F2905/F2905M, and F2968/F2968M PEX pipe. The following performance requirements are described for the fittings – 73 °F [23 °C] hydrostatic strength, 176 °F [80 °C] hydrostatic strength, short-term internal pressure resistance, resistance to tensile loads, cohesive resistance for electrofusion fittings at both the minimum and maximum recommended temperatures, impact resistance for saddle fittings, and leak tightness and pull out tests for mechanical fittings. The metric- and inch-sized components covered by this specification are intended for the above-ground and buried pressure piping applications, such as industrial and general-purpose pipelines, potable water pipelines up to 140 °F [60 °C], fire – extinguishing pipelines.1.2 Crosslinking requirements for PEX pipe are found in Specifications F2788/F2788M, F2905/F2905M, and F2968/F2968M.1.3 Requirements for materials, workmanship, and qualification testing performance are included.1.4 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes, and appendixes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.NOTE 1: Suggested hydrostatic design stresses and hydrostatic pressure ratings for pipe and fittings are listed in Appendix X1. Design, assembly, and installation considerations are discussed in Appendix X2. An optional performance qualification and an in-plant quality control program are recommended in Appendix X3.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车