1.1 This specification covers requirements for PVC pipe and tubing for use only to maintain or repair existing PVC gas piping. This specification covers requirements for fittings for use to maintain or repair existing PVC gas piping.1.1.1 In-plant quality control programs are specified in Annex A1.1.2 The text of this specification references notes and, footnotes, and appendixes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following is an index of the annexes in this specification:Annex SubjectAnnex A1 In-Plant Quality Control for PVC materialsup to 6 in.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact resistance of PEX pipe and tubing for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial applications. Requirements cover workmanship, pipe and tubing dimensions and tolerances, chemical resistance, sustained pressure, elevated temperature, thermal stability, slow crack growth resistance, minimum hydrostatic burst pressure/apparent tensile strength (quick burst), apparent tensile strength at yield, squeeze-off, thermal stability, slow crack growth resistance, and joints.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for material dimensions and tolerances, hydrostatic burst strength, chemical resistance, and impact resistance of PEX pipe and tubing for use in fuel gas mains and services for direct burial applications.1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test Method—The pulse test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low-permeability formations surrounding the packed-off intervals. This test method is considerably shorter in duration than the pumping and slug tests used in more permeable rocks. To obtain results to the desired accuracy, pumping and slug tests in low-permeability formations are too time consuming, as indicated in Fig. 1 (from Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1)).4 5.2 transmissivity, T—the transmissivity of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows: where: K   =   equivalent formation hydraulic conductivity (efhc). The efhc is the hydraulic conductivity of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The hydraulic conductivity, K, is related to the equivalent formation, k, as follows: where: ρ   =   fluid density, μ   =   fluid viscosity, and g   =   acceleration due to gravity. 5.3 storativity, S—the storativity (or storage coefficient) of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows: where: Ss   =   equivalent bulk rock specific storage (ebrss). The ebrss is defined as the specific storage of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The specific storage is given as follows: where: Cb   =   bulk rock compressibility, Cw   =   fluid compressibility, and n   =   formation porosity. 5.4 Analysis—The transient pressure data obtained using the suggested method are evaluated by the curve-matching technique described by Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1), or by an analytical technique proposed by Wang et al (2). The latter is particularly useful for interpreting pulse tests when only the early-time transient pressure decay data are available. 5.5 Units:  5.5.1 Conversions—The permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy. A porous medium has a permeability of 1 darcy when a fluid of viscosity 1 cP (1 mPa·s) flows through it at a rate of 1 cm3/s (10−6 m3/s)/1 cm2 (10−4 m2) cross-sectional area at a pressure differential of 1 atm (101.4 kPa)/1 cm (10 mm) of length. One darcy corresponds to 0.987 μm2. For water as the flowing fluid at 20°C, a hydraulic conductivity of 9.66 μm/s corresponds to a permeability of 1 darcy. Note 1: A darcy (or darcy unit) and millidarcy (md or mD) are units of permeability. They are not SI units, but are widely used in petroleum engineering and geology. A darcy has dimensional units in length. 5.5.2 Viscosity of Water—Table 1 shows the viscosity of water as a function of temperature. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/observation/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not itself guarantee reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 3: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by Worthington (3) Smart, 1999 (4). Additional guidance can be found in D5717. 1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10−3 μm2 (1 millidarcy) using the pressure pulse technique. 1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water saturated. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard. 1.4.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits. 1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these conditions. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 176元 / 折扣价： 150 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method measures the cohesive strength of the adhesive on a pressure sensitive article. The time to failure can predict end use properties of pressure sensitive articles such as edge ooze from cold flow; trimming, slitting and die cutting quality; telescoping in tapes; ability to seal packages; and vertical holding power.5.2 This test method is suitable for quality control, development and applications testing.5.3 If the adhesive is not already coated, the adhesive can be coated on smooth, clear polyester (PET) film backing 0.05 mm [0.002 in.] thick. The recommended dry adhesive thickness is 0.025 mm [0.001 in.].5.4 Humidity has a strong effect on time to failure for many pressure sensitive articles. Therefore, humidity should be controlled in accordance with 8.1.2.1.1 This test method covers the ability of a pressure sensitive article (for example, tape, label, sticker, etc.) to remain adhered to a stainless steel panel under a constant load applied parallel to the bonding surface of the pressure sensitive article.1.2 Values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently without combining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元 加购物车

5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for locating, detecting and estimating the relevance of longitudinally oriented crack-like discontinuities which have been previously indicated by AE examination.5.2 This practice may be used for a pressure vessel that is situated in such a way as to limit access to the vessel's wall. Typical examples include tube trailers and gas tube railroad cars. Since the pressure vessels are stacked horizontally in a frame, with limited space between them, the circumferential location of a discontinuity may be a distance away from the search unit (several skip distances).5.3 This practice has been shown to be effective for cylinders between 9 in. (229 mm) and 24 in. (610 mm) in diameter and wall thicknesses between 1/4 in. (6.4 mm) to 1 in. (26 mm) with discontinuities that are oriented longitudinally in pressure vessel sidewall.5.4 To reliably detect discontinuities by the procedure in this practice, a significant part of the reflecting surface must be transverse to the beam direction.5.5 Evaluation of possible discontinuity in the end faces indicated by AE is not covered by this practice.1.1 This practice describes a contact angle-beam shear wave ultrasonic technique to detect and locate the circumferential position of longitudinally oriented discontinuities and to compare the amplitude of the indication from such discontinuities to that of a specified reference notch. This practice does not address examination of the vessel ends. The basic principles of contact angle-beam examination can be found in Practice E587. Application to pipe and tubing, including the use of notches for standardization, is described in Practice E213.1.2 This practice is appropriate for the ultrasonic examination of cylindrical sections of gas-filled, seamless, steel pressure vessels such as those used for the storage and transportation of pressurized gasses. It is applicable to both isolated vessels and those in assemblies.1.3 The practice is intended to be used following an Acoustic Emission (AE) examination of stacked seamless gaseous pressure vessels (with limited surface scanning area) described in Test Method E1419.1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. These are determined by the reference notch dimensions, which must be specified by the using parties.NOTE 1: Background information relating to the technical requirements of this practice can be found in the references sited in Test Method E1419, Appendix X1.1.5 Dimensional values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard; SI equivalents, in parentheses may be approximate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Engines operating under severe conditions involving high temperatures, hot spot areas, entrained air, or small cooling systems, or combinations thereof, are placing greater emphasis on engine coolant oxidation stability and corrosion protection. This test method provides an accelerated test method to assess engine coolant performance under high temperature oxidizing test conditions of new, used, or recycled engine coolants, or combinations thereof. The test method may also serve as a screening tool to determine oxidation stability. The test results of this method cannot stand alone as evidence of satisfactory oxidation stability and corrosion protection. The actual service of an engine coolant formulation can be determined only by more comprehensive bench, dynamometer, and field tests.1.1 This test method covers determination of engine coolant corrosion protection and stability under accelerated thermal and oxidizing conditions using a rotary pressure vessel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 11.1, 12.8, 12.9, and 12.10.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The rain spray test described in 8.1 as Method A is based upon Test Method E 331 which is intended for use in the evaluation of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors. This test method is intended to supplement the water spray test in Practice E 823 that does not include the effects of wind-driven rain. This method includes the use of a pressure differential to enhance the penetration of water into the assembly being tested. This type of pressure differential can occur with many types of solar collector mounting configurations. In the case of solar collectors that form a building element, for example, a roof, this pressure differential will be caused by differences of pressure inside and outside the building. In the case of solar collectors mounted on standoffs or racks, this pressure differential will be caused by positive and negative wind forces acting simultaneously on faces of the collector.Water leakage due to joint expansion can be influenced by several factors, including: the specific collector design and materials used, the test specimen temperature, and the water spray temperature (Note 1), in addition to the pressure differential. The temperature conditions will vary in outdoor exposure. The test temperatures should be selected to be representative of outdoor conditions where the collectors will be used.Note 1—Water spray temperatures are likely to range from 4.5°C to 29.4°C (40 to 85°F).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of flat plate solar collectors to water penetration when water is applied to their outer surfaces with a static air pressure at the outer surface higher than the pressure at the interior of the collector.1.2 This test method is applicable to any flat plate solar collector.1.3 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is contained in Section 6.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers four grades of carbon steel forgings for boiler and pressure vessel components, and associated equipment. Materials shall be manufactured by melting process and hot-worked forging. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein forgings shall conform to chemical requirements for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulphur, and silicon. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area shall be inspected as well. The requirements for annealed, normalized, or normalized and tempered steel forgings, and that for quenched and tempered steel forgings have been specified separately.1.1 This specification2 covers four grades of carbon steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment.NOTE 1: Designations have been changed as follows:Current FormerlyGrade 1 Class 1Grade 2 Class 2Grade 3 Class 3Grade 4 Class 41.2 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车