4.1 This test method is used to measure one-dimensional vertical flow of water through initially saturated samples of materials derived from scrap tires under an applied hydraulic gradient. Hydraulic conductivity is required in various civil engineering applications of scrap tires.4.2 Samples are to be tested at a unit weight and under an overburden pressure representative of field conditions. Data from the literature indicate a reduction in hydraulic conductivity with increasing vertical pressure (1).4.3 Use of a dual-ring permeameter is included in this test method in addition to a single-ring permeameter. The dual-ring permeameter allows for minimizing potential adverse effects of sidewall leakage on measured hydraulic conductivity of the test specimens. The use of a bottom plate with an inner ring with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the permeameter and two outflow ports (one from the inner ring, one from the annular space between the inner ring and the permeameter) allows for separating the flow from the central part of the test specimen from the flow near the sidewall of the permeameter.4.4 Darcy's law is assumed to be valid, flow is assumed to be laminar (Reynolds number less than approximately 2000–3000), and the hydraulic conductivity is assumed to be essentially independent of hydraulic gradient. The validity of Darcy's law may be evaluated by measuring the hydraulic conductivity of a specimen at three hydraulic gradients. The discharge velocity (v = k × i) is plotted against the applied hydraulic gradient. If the resulting relationship is linear and the measured hydraulic conductivity values are similar (i.e., within 25 %), then Darcy’s law may be taken as valid.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent of the competence of the personnel using this standard and the suitability of the equipment and facilities. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.1.1 This test method covers laboratory measurement of the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as coefficient of permeability) of water-saturated samples obtained from materials derived from scrap tires using a rigid-wall permeameter. The scrap tire materials covered in this method include tire chips, tire shreds, and tire derived aggregate (TDA) as described in Practice D6270 with particle sizes ranging from approximately 12 to 305 mm. Whole scrap tires are not included in this standard. A clear trend between hydraulic conductivity and shred size has not been established at a given vertical pressure for shreds ≥50 mm (1).21.2 A single- or dual-ring permeameter may be used in the tests. A dual-ring permeameter may be preferred over a single-ring permeameter to take into account and prevent short-circuiting of permeant along the sidewalls of the permeameter. The effects of sidewall flow is more significant at high stresses and when the cell diameter is less than 6 times the particle size (1).1.3 The test method is used under constant head conditions.1.4 Water is used as the permeant with the test method.1.5 Test Method D2434 also can be used for determination of hydraulic conductivity of materials derived from scrap tires with sizes smaller than 19 mm under constant head conditions in a rigid-wall permeameter. Method D2434 includes the use of a permeameter with a single ring.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Hydraulic conductivity has traditionally been expressed in cm/s in the US, even though the official SI unit for hydraulic conductivity is m/s.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Rigid foam such as RCPS is used in the building construction industry. Because it is sensitive to certain components contained in adhesives which cause it to dissolve, it is important to have a test method to determine whether an adhesive is compatible with RCPS foam. This test method would help the end user decide which adhesive to use with RCPS foam by quantitatively measuring the amount of cavitation formed by the components contained in the adhesive.1.1 This test method covers a practical means of measuring the degree of rigid cellular polystyrene (RCPS) foam cavitation damage when an adhesive is used to bond this substrate.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Plastics are viscoelastic and therefore are likely to be sensitive to changes in velocity of the mass falling on their surfaces. However, the velocity of a free-falling object is a function of the square root of the drop height. A change of a factor of two in the drop height will cause a change of only 1.4 in velocity. Hagan et al (2) found that the mean-failure energy of sheeting was constant at drop heights between 0.30 and 1.4 m. This suggests that a constant mass-variable height method will give the same results as the constant height-variable mass technique. On the other hand, different materials respond differently to changes in the velocity of impact. While both constant-mass and constant-height techniques are permitted by these methods, the constant-height method is to be used for those materials that are found to be rate-sensitive in the range of velocities encountered in falling-weight types of impact tests.5.2 The test geometry FA causes a moderate level of stress concentration and can be used for most plastics.5.3 Geometry FB causes a greater stress concentration and results in failure of tough or thick specimens that do not fail with Geometry FA (3). This approach can produce a punch shear failure on thick sheet. If that type of failure is undesirable, Geometry FC is to be used. Geometry FB is suitable for research and development because of the smaller test area required.5.3.1 The conical configuration of the 12.7-mm diameter tup used in Geometry FB minimizes problems with tup penetration and sticking in failed specimens of some ductile materials.5.4 The test conditions of Geometry FC are the same as those of Test Method A of Test Method D1709. They have been used in specifications for extruded sheeting. A limitation of this geometry is that considerable material is required.5.5 The test conditions of Geometry FD are the same as for Test Method D3763.5.6 The test conditions of Geometry FE are the same as for ISO 6603-1.5.7 Because of the nature of impact testing, the selection of a test method and tup must be somewhat arbitrary. Although a choice of tup geometries is available, knowledge of the final or intended end-use application shall be considered.5.8 Clamping of the test specimen will improve the precision of the data. Therefore, clamping is recommended. However, with rigid specimens, valid determinations can be made without clamping. Unclamped specimens tend to exhibit greater impact resistance.5.9 Before proceeding with this test method, reference the specification of the material being tested. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist. Any test specimens preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters or combination thereof covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the threshold value of impact-failure energy required to crack or break flat, rigid plastic specimens under various specified conditions of impact of a free-falling dart (tup), based on testing many specimens.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.NOTE 1: This test method and ISO 6603-1 are technically equivalent only when the test conditions and specimen geometry required for Geometry FE and the Bruceton Staircase method of calculation are used.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the manufacturing and test requirements for geosynthetic storm sewer inlet filters used in highway drainage, roadway, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The inlet filter is comprised of a rigid frame and a removable geosynthetic sediment bag. The sediment bag hangs suspended from the rigid frame and includes a bypass that shall allow water flow into the drainage structure if the bag is completely filled with sediment. Water flow through the bypass shall equal or exceed the design flow of the inlet required at a specified drainage location. The filter can be used with round, rectangular, gutter, rolled curb, and curb inlet types. The rigid frame shall be designed to support the design load on the frame, and must be capable of supporting the full design load without deformation when the grate is removed. The frame shall not interfere with or elevate the grate more than 1/8 in. The sediment bag shall be manufactured from a geotextile material or a composite of geotextile and geosynthetic reinforcement. When used for removal of trash or large debris only, the geosynthetic sediment bag may be constructed of open-weave geosynthetic. The requirements of this specification are intended to provide an inlet filter system to collect sediment, trash, leaves, and other storm water contaminants from surface storm water runoff at drainage inlet locations during temporary site construction.This specification also covers ordering information and product marking.1.1 This specification covers geosynthetic storm sewer inlet filters used in highway drainage, roadway, residential, commercial, and industrial applications. The inlet filter is comprised of a rigid frame and a removable geosynthetic sediment bag. The sediment bag hangs suspended from the rigid frame and includes a bypass that shall allow water flow into the drainage structure if the bag is completely filled with sediment. Water flow through the bypass shall equal or exceed the design flow of the inlet required at a specified drainage location.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide an inlet filter system to collect sediment, trash, leaves, and other storm water contaminants from surface storm water runoff at drainage inlet locations during temporary site construction.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the mechanical behavior of plastics materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.Mechanical testing provides a sensitive test method for determining mechanical characteristics by measuring the modulus of elasticity.Note 2—Materials that are suspected to be too anisotropic may not be suitable for this test method.This test method can be used to assess:5.3.1 The effects of processing treatment,5.3.2 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure,5.3.3 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus, and5.3.4 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.1.1 This test method covers the use of controlled rate of loading mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the modulus of elasticity of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a controlled rate of loading mechanical instrument. Results obtained from this test method may or may not be comparable to results obtained using D 790.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the modulus of elasticity within the linear region of the stress-strain curve (see Fig 1). This test is conducted at standard temperature and pressure.1.3 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

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6.1 Tension tests, properly interpreted, provide information with regard to the tensile properties of rigid tubing, when employed under conditions approximating those under which the tests are made. It is possible that the tensile strength values will vary with the size of the tube and with the temperature and atmospheric conditions. Tension tests provide data potentially useful for research and development and for engineering design, and quality control purposes.1.1 These test methods cover the testing of rigid tubes used in electrical insulation. These tubes include many types made from fibrous sheets of basic materials, such as cellulose, glass, or nylon, in the form of paper, woven fabrics, or mats, bonded together by natural or synthetic resins or by adhesives. Such tubes include vulcanized fiber and thermosetting laminates, as well as tubes made from cast, molded, or extruded natural or synthetic resins, with or without fillers or reinforcing materials.1.2 Tubes tested by these test methods are most commonly circular in cross section; however, noncircular shapes are also in commercial use. To the extent that the individual methods are compatible with a particular noncircular shape, these test methods are applicable to these other shapes. For tests on noncircular tubes, appropriate comments shall be included in the test report, including details of orientation of test specimens with respect to the cross section of the tube.1.3 The procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure Sections ASTM Test MethodReference Compressive Strength (Axial and Diametral) 12 to 17   E4Conditioning. 4   ...Density 20 to 24   ...Dielectric Strength 25 to 32   D149Dimensional Measurements 5   D668Dissipation Factor and Permittivity 33 to 35   D150Tensile Strength 6 to 11   E4Water Absorption 18 to 19   D5701.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. SI units in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 27.1.1.

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5.1 This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). This standard is intended to provide a basic practice for installing these types of materials. Refer to Specifications C1729 and C1767 for information on the differences between aluminum and stainless steel jacketing and where each is considered for use.5.2 This practice is not intended to cover all aspects associated with installation for all applications, including factory and field fabricated pipe fitting covers.NOTE 1: Consult the National Commercial & Industrial Insulation Standards (MICA), Guide C1696, the product manufacturer, and/or project specifications for additional recommendations.5.3 Metal jacketing is typically used on insulated piping located outdoors, including, but not limited to, process areas and rooftops. Metal jacketing is used indoors where greater resistance to physical damage is required, for appearance, for improved fire performance, or as otherwise preferred. Metal jacketing used outdoors serves the same functions as indoors and also protects the insulation system from weather.5.4 Metal jacketing is used over all types of pipe insulation materials.1.1 This practice covers recommended installation techniques for aluminum and stainless steel jacketing for thermal and acoustic pipe insulation operating at either above or below ambient temperatures and in both indoor and outdoor locations. This practice applies to materials manufactured in accordance with Specification C1729 (aluminum jacketing) or Specification C1767 (stainless steel jacketing). It does not address insulation jacketing made from other materials such as mastics, fiber-reinforced plastic, laminate jacketing, PVC, or rubberized or modified asphalt jacketing, nor does it cover the details of thermal or acoustical insulation systems.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to optimize the performance and longevity of installed metal jacketing and to minimize water intrusion through the metal jacketing system. This document is limited to installation procedures for metal jacketing over pipe insulation up to a pipe size of 48 in. NPS and does not encompass system design. This practice does not cover the installation of metal jacketing on rectangular ducts or around valves and gauges. It excludes the installation of spiral jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts but is applicable to metal jacketing on cylindrical insulated ducts installed similarly to pipe insulation jacketing. Guide C1423 provides guidance in selecting jacketing materials and their safe use.1.3 For the purposes of this practice, it is assumed that the aluminum or stainless steel jacketing is of the correct size necessary to cover the thermal insulation system on the pipe or rigid tubing while achieving the longitudinal overlaps specified in 8.2.2 and 8.3.2. The size of the aluminum or stainless steel jacket necessary to achieve this specified longitudinal overlap closure is a complex topic for which the detailed requirements are outside the scope of this practice. Achieving this fit is very important to the performance of the total insulation system. See Appendix X1 for general information and recommendations regarding this closure of aluminum and stainless steel jacketing installed over thermal pipe and rigid tubing insulation.1.4 The intrusion of water or water vapor into an insulation system will, in some cases, cause undesirable results such as corrosion under insulation, loss of insulating ability, and physical damage to the insulation system. Minimizing the movement of water through the metal jacketing system is only one of the important factors in helping maintain good long-term performance of the total insulation system. There are many other important factors including proper performance and installation of the insulation, vapor retarder, and insulation joint sealant. Optimum long-term insulation system performance is only achieved by carefully considering all aspects of insulation system design and how these relate to the intended application (hot, cold, cryogenic, severe environment, etc.). This practice only addresses installation of metal jacketing so total insulation system design is outside of its scope.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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