1.1 These tables define an air mass 1.5 solar spectral irradiance distribution for use in all solar applications where a standard terrestrial spectral irradiance is required for the direct normal radiation. A similar standard for global irradiance on a 37° tilted surface is given in Standard E892. 1.2 These tables are modeled data that were generated using a zero air mass solar spectrum based on the revised extraterrestrial spectrum of Neckel and Labs (1), the BRITE (3, 4) Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, and the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere (5) with a rural aerosol (6, 7, 8). Further details are presented in Appendix XI. 1.3 The air mass zero (AM0) spectrum that was used to generate the terrestrial spectrum was provided by C. Frohlich and C. Wehrli (1) and is a revised and extended Neckel and Labs (2) spectrum. Neckel and Labs revised their spectrum by employing newer limb-darkening data to convert from radiance to irradiance, as reported by Frohlich (9), citing the study by Hardrop (10). Comparisons by Frohlich with calibrated sunphotometer data from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, indicate that this new extraterrestrial spectrum is the best currently available. 1.4 The development of the terrestrial solar spectrum data is based on work reported by Bird, Hulstrom, and Lewis (11). In computing the terrestrial values using the BRITE Monte Carlo radiation transfer code, the authors cited took the iterations to 2.4500 [mu]m only. We have extended the spectrum to 4.045 [mu]m using sixteen E[lambda]i values from the original Standard E891-82. Irradiance values in Standard E891-82 were computed from the extraterrestrial spectrum represented by Standard E490. The additional data points were added to account for the solar irradiance in this region that account for approximately 1.5% of the total irradiance between 0.305 and 4.045 [mu]m. The errors propagated by doing so are insignificant. 1.5 An air mass of 1.5 and a turbidity of 0.27 were chosen for this standard because they are representative of average conditions in the 48 contiguous states of the United States.

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1.1 These tables define an air mass 1.5 solar spectral irradiance distribution for use in all solar applications where a standard terrestrial spectral irradiance is required for that part of solar irradiance, diffuse, and direct, that is incident on a sun-facing, 37°-tilted surface. A similar standard for direct normal irradiance is given in Standard E891. 1.2 These tables are modeled data that were generated using a zero air mass solar spectrum based on the revised extraterrestrial spectrum of Neckel and Labs (1), the BRITE (3, 4) Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, and the 1962 U.S. Standard Atmosphere (5) with a rural aerosol (6, 7, 8). Further details are presented in Appendix X1. 1.3 The air mass zero (AM0) spectrum that was used to generate the terrestrial spectrum was provided by C. Frohlich and C. Wehrli (1) and is a revised and extended Neckel and Labs (2) spectrum. Neckel and Labs revised their spectrum by employing newer limb-darkening data to convert from radiance to irradiance, as reported by Frohlich (9), citing the study by Hardrop (10). Comparisons by Frohlich with calibrated sunphotometer data from Mauna Loa, Hawaii, indicate that this new extraterrestrial spectrum is the best currently available. 1.4 The development of the terrestrial solar spectrum data is based on work reported by Bird, Hulstrom, and Lewis (11). In computing the terrestrial values using the BRITE Monte Carlo radiation transfer code, the authors cited took the iterations to 2.4500 [mu]m only. We have extended the spectrum to 4.045 [mu]m using sixteen [lambda]i values from the original Standard E892-82. Irradiance values in Standard E892-82 were computed from the extraterrestrial spectrum represented by Standard E490. The additional data points were added to account for the solar irradiance in this region that account for approximately 1.5% of the total irradiance between 0.305 and 4.045 [mu]m. The errors propagated by doing so are insignificant. 1.5 An air mass of 1.5, a turbidity of 0.27, and a tilt of 37° were chosen for this standard because they are representative of average conditions in the 48 contiguous states of the United States.

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1.1 This test method covers employing the narrow beam of thermal energy emitted through the aperture of a blackbody to calibrate calorimetric devices. Although the calorimeter normally responds to incident heat which is predominantly convective, this method of calibration employs radiant energy. Use of radiant energy dictates that the absolute value of radiant flux at the surface of the calorimeter be determined to provide an accurate calibration. This method, applicable in place of the wide-angle source technique, is suited to relatively low values of irradiance (typically less than 10 W/m ). 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibililty of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers a rigid and reproducible means for evaluating the corrosion durability characteristics of copper-nickel-chromium electrodeposits on steel and zinc-base die castings designed for outdoor service (1). 1.2 The suitability of this test method and the correlation of results with service experience should be determined before it is specified for coating systems or materials other than those described in 1.1 (2-5). 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This guide sets forth those criteria necessary for the acceptance, checkout, and pre-operational testing of a nuclear fuels reprocessing facility. 1.2 This guide is specifically applicable to a nuclear fuels reprocessing facility employing the Purex process; however, a large portion of this guide is also applicable to other facilities employing different processes. 1.3 This guide provides recommendations for procedure preparation, acceptance criteria following construction, training, component and systems tests, and final integrated testing. These procedures when utilized in accordance with the prescribed quality assurance (QA) requirements should provide permanent QA records. 1.4 This guide deals primarily with the mainline aqueous/ organic (Purex) sections of a nuclear fuels reprocessing facility. Operations such as fuel receipt, headend (shearing and dissolution), plutonium conversion, waste immobilization, and others of this nature are not included. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This standard presents a matrix to identify existing and potentially needed standards for light water reactor (LWR) fuel reprocessing. 1.2 This matrix pertains to facilities for the reprocessing of LWR spent fuel including its dissolution and separation of the reusable nuclear materials from the waste byproducts and conversion of these products and byproducts to suitable forms for shipment off-site. 1.3 The matrix is defined as an array of fuel reprocessing systems and components as the horizontal axis and the functional activities as the vertical axis. The matrix also has multiple overlays for generic issues. This might also be considered as a third orthogonal axis. 1.4 The terms used for the systems and components, functional, and overlay activities apply specifically to this matrix and are not intended to be universal. See Section 3. 1.5 Matrix Standards on Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities (in preparation), Fuel Fabrication (in preparation), LWR Spent Fuel Receiving and Storage, and Nuclear Safeguards deal in detail with their respective subjects. Therefore, this standard will only refer to these standards and not develop the subjects. 1.6 This standard will be developed in two steps: (1) identifying a matrix of systems and component/functional/ overlay intersection where standards exist or are potentially needed and (2) completing the matrix by listing the existing standards and those potentially needed, assigning priorities to those needed and identifying potential secretariats. 1.7 While it is recognized that federal directives and guidelines are not national consensus standards, they may be included.

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